烟叶复烤废弃物烟梗灰在烤烟生产上的应用研究
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- 英文论文题名：Research on Application Tobacco Redrying Waste Tobacco Stalk Ash in Flue-cured Tobacco Production
- 论文作者：王锡春 ; 李小慧 ; 郭军 ; 黄石旺 ; 周向平 ; 袁芳 ; 高春洋 ; 张芳 ; 唐赵平 ; 卢朝军 ; 周舰
- 英文论文作者：Wang Xichun ; Li Xiaohui ; Guo Jun ; Huang Shiwang ; Zhou Xiangping ; Yuan Fang ; Gao Chunyang ; Zhang Fang ; Tang Zhaoping ; Lu Chaojun ; Zhou Jian ; Yongzhou Branch of Hunan Tobacco Corporation ; Ningyuan Branch of Yongzhou Tobacco Company in Hunan Province ; Xintian Branch of Yongzhou Tobacco Company in Hunan Province ; Yongzhou Institute of Agriculture Science
- 年：2016
- 作者机构：湖南省烟草公司永州市公司;湖南省永州市烟草公司宁远县分公司;湖南省永州市烟草公司新田县分公司;永州市农业科学研究所;
- 论文关键词：烟梗灰 ; 烤烟 ; 生产 ; 应用研究
- 英文论文关键词：tobacco stalk ash ; flue-cured tobacco ; production ; application research
- 会议召开时间：2016-12-01
- 会议录名称：中国烟草学会2016年度优秀论文汇编——烟草农业主题
- 语种：中文
- 分类号：S572
- 学会代码：ZGYG
- 学会名称：中国烟草学会
- 页数：7
- 文件大小：632k
- 原文格式：D
摘要
为探索烟梗灰在烤烟生产上的应用效果,解决烟梗灰的废物利用问题,实现烟草废弃物循环经济的目的,采取烟梗灰为原料配制的基、追肥与常规烟草基、追肥进行大田对比试验,研究烟梗灰不同的配施方式对烤烟农艺性状及产量品质的影响。结果表明:(1)施用烟梗灰可以延长烤烟大田生育期,促进烟叶充分成熟和干物质积累;(2)施用烟梗灰可以提高烤烟农艺性状,圆顶期最大叶面积分别比对照增加了11.3%~20.7%;(3)施用烟梗灰可以有效提升烤烟的产、质量,其中T1处理(基肥:菜饼378 kg/hm~2+烟梗灰252 kg/hm~2+磷酸二铵212.55 kg/hm~2+硝钙220.65 kg/hm~2;追肥:烟梗灰735 kg/hm~2+尿素96.45 kg/hm~2)效果最佳,产量上增加了75.6㎏/hm~2,烟农纯收入增加了5952.9元/hm~2,相比对照提高了14.85%。因此,烟梗灰基、追配方处理(T_1)是烟梗灰在烤烟生产上利用的最佳方式,适合湖南永州烟区推广应用。
In order to investigate the effect of tobacco stalk ash in flue-cured tobacco planting, realize the waste utilization of tobacco stalk ash in flue-cured tobacco production, a field experiment was carried out by using tobacco stalk ash as raw material as base fertilizer and topdressing contrast with general base fertilizer and topdressing, the tobacco agronomic traits, tobacco quality and economic traits by using tobacco stalk ash with different distribution and application were evaluated. The results showed that:(1) using tobacco stalk ash can prolong flue-cured tobacco growing stage, promote tobacco leaf fully mature and dry matter accumulation;(2) using tobacco stalk ash can improve agronomic characters of flue-cured tobacco, the maximum leaf area were increased 11.3%-20.7% in dome duration compared with the control treatment;(3) using tobacco stalk ash can improve tobacco quality and yield, among all the treatment the T1(base fertilizer: rape-seed cake 378 kg/hm~2, tobacco stalk ash 252 kg/hm~2, diammonium phosphate 212.55 kg/hm~2 and calcium nitrate 220.65 kg/hm~2; topdressing: tobacco stalk ash 735 kg/hm~2 and urea 96.45 kg/hm~2) behaved the best, compared with the control treatment the yield was increased 75.6 kg/hm~2, the pure income of tobacco grower was increased 5952.9 yuan /hm~2, increased by 14.85%. Accordingly, the treatment of using tobacco stalk ash as raw material as base fertilizer and topdressing(T_1) was the best way using tobacco stalk ash in flue-cured tobacco production, suitable for application in Yongzhou Hunan tobacco areas.
In order to investigate the effect of tobacco stalk ash in flue-cured tobacco planting, realize the waste utilization of tobacco stalk ash in flue-cured tobacco production, a field experiment was carried out by using tobacco stalk ash as raw material as base fertilizer and topdressing contrast with general base fertilizer and topdressing, the tobacco agronomic traits, tobacco quality and economic traits by using tobacco stalk ash with different distribution and application were evaluated. The results showed that:(1) using tobacco stalk ash can prolong flue-cured tobacco growing stage, promote tobacco leaf fully mature and dry matter accumulation;(2) using tobacco stalk ash can improve agronomic characters of flue-cured tobacco, the maximum leaf area were increased 11.3%-20.7% in dome duration compared with the control treatment;(3) using tobacco stalk ash can improve tobacco quality and yield, among all the treatment the T1(base fertilizer: rape-seed cake 378 kg/hm~2, tobacco stalk ash 252 kg/hm~2, diammonium phosphate 212.55 kg/hm~2 and calcium nitrate 220.65 kg/hm~2; topdressing: tobacco stalk ash 735 kg/hm~2 and urea 96.45 kg/hm~2) behaved the best, compared with the control treatment the yield was increased 75.6 kg/hm~2, the pure income of tobacco grower was increased 5952.9 yuan /hm~2, increased by 14.85%. Accordingly, the treatment of using tobacco stalk ash as raw material as base fertilizer and topdressing(T_1) was the best way using tobacco stalk ash in flue-cured tobacco production, suitable for application in Yongzhou Hunan tobacco areas.
引文
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[2]王敏.废次烟草中有效成分的综合利用[J].中国资源综合利用,2003(2):16-17.
[3]徐永建,赵睿,谭海风.烟草废次物综合利用研究进展[J].陕西科技大学学报,2012,30(5):16-21.
[4]Liu W H,Yong G P,Li F,et al.Free and conjugated phytosterols in cured tobacco leaves:influence of genotype,growing regin,and stalk position[J].Agricultural and Food Cheminstry,2008,56(1):185-189.
[5]张楠,刘东阳,杨兴明,等.分解纤维素的高温真菌筛选及其对烟杆的降解效果[J].环境科学学报,2010,30(3):549-555.
[6]王建安,翟新,徐发华,等.浅谈烤烟基本烟田废弃物的综合利用[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(34):138-142.
[7]郑奎玲,余丹梅.废弃烟叶的综合利用现状[J].重庆大学学报:自然科学版,2004(3):61-64.
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[9]刘汉,杨邦俊,王伯毅.有机肥与化肥配施对烤烟品质的影响[J].中国烟草科学,1999(1):18-21.
[10]刘泓.有机肥与化肥配施对烤烟K吸收和干物质积累的影响[J].福建农业大学学报,1998,27(3):337-341.
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[13]韩锦峰,吕巧灵,杨素勤,等.饼肥种类及其与化肥配比对烤烟生长发育及产质的影响Ⅱ.对烤烟生长发育的影响[J].河南农业科学,1998(3):11-14.
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[15]籍越,饶学明,刘卫群,等.芝麻饼肥与无机肥配比对烟草根系生长发育的影响[J].河南农业大学学报,2003(3):241-244,256.
[16]肖相政,刘可星,张志红,等.廖宗生物有机肥对烤烟生长发育及相关防御性酶活性的影响[J],华北农学报,2010,25(1):175-179.
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[18]张秋菊.典型浓香型烟区不同肥料配比对植烟土壤养分、烟叶品质的影响研究[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2013.
[19]武雪萍,刘国顺.施用芝麻饼肥对植烟根际土壤酶活性和微生物C、N的影响[J].植物营养学报,2005,11:541-546.
[20]郭群召,吴学巧.烟田施用菜籽饼肥对土壤酶活性及烟叶质量的影响[J].土壤肥料学,2006,22(12):380-382.
[21]杨红武,李帆,朱开玲,等.饼肥对烟草植烟土壤的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(7):3880-3881.
[22]刘泳乐,刘建丰.菜籽饼肥对邵阳烟叶品质及经济效益分析[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(4):215-219.
[23]曹志强,范雄.烟梗灰生物芝麻饼肥在烤烟植种中的应用效果[J].现代农业科技,2014(23):27-28,30.
[24]谢永平,王家顺,陆引罡.有机-无机烟草专用肥对烤烟品质、产量及产值的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2007,35(6):68-70.
[25]邓小鹏,段玉琪,徐照丽,等.有机肥对烤烟主要糖类物质及评吸质量的影响[J].广东农业科学,2012,39(24):72-75.
[26]邱雪柏,邓强,黄占平.油枯替代无机基肥对水城烤烟产量及品质影响[J].广东农业科学,2012,39(12):68-70.
[27]商跃凤.有机无机复混肥对水稻氮素利用率的影响[J].西南农业大学学报,2001,23(3):262-266.
[28]李冬初,李菊梅,徐明岗,等.有机无机肥配施对红壤稻田氮素形态及水稻产量的影响[J].湖南农业科学,2004,31(3):23-25.
[29]张娟,沈其荣,张亚丽,等.施用预处理稻秆的土壤供氮特征及对冬小麦氮吸收的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2004,10(1):24-28.