围产期奶牛能量负平衡及其管理和营养调控研究进展
详细信息 查看官网全文
摘要
围产期是奶牛泌乳周期中十分重要的时期,该时期由于奶牛经历生理、日粮、环境和管理等变化,干物质采食量急剧下降,奶牛处于能量负平衡状态,是奶牛多种能量代谢紊乱性疾病发生时期。本文拟从围产期奶牛能量负平衡的产生、改善能量负平衡的管理和营养调控措施等方面进行总结,为围产期奶牛营养代谢调控研究和奶牛健康养殖提供参考。
引文
[1]Artur J6zwik,J6zef Krzyzewski,Nina StrzaIkowska,et al..Relations between the oxidative status,mastitis.milk quality and disorders of reproductive functions in dairy cows-a review[J].Animal Science Papers and Reports,2012,30(4):297-307
[2]Drackley J K.Biology of dairy cows during the transition period:the final frontier?[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1999,82(11):2259-2273.
[3]曹杰.奶牛围产期疾病数据分析及管理[J].中国奶牛,2014(6).
[4]Overton T.Waldron M.Nutritional management of transition dairy cows:strategies to optimize metabolic health[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2004,87:E105-E119.
[5]Grummer R R.Impact of changes in organic nutrient metabolism on feeding the transition dairy cow[J].Journal of Animal Science,1995,73(9):2820-2833.
[6]苏华维,曹志军,李胜利.围产期奶牛的能量负平衡及能量代谢障碍性疾病[J].中国畜牧杂志,2011,47(20):39-43.
[7]余超.生物素对围产期奶牛泌乳净能和代谢蛋白平衡及生产性能的影响[D].硕士学位论文.杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2016.
[8]Weber C,C Hametner.A Tuchscherer,et al..Hepatic gene expression involved in glucose and lipid metabolism in transition cows:Effects of fat mobilization during early lactation in relation to milk performance and metabolic changes[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2013,96(9):5670-5681.
[9]Schlegel G,J Keller,F Hirche.et al..Expression of genes involved in hepatic carnitine synthesis and uptake in dairy cows in the transition period and at different stages of lactation[J].BMC Veterinary Research,2012,8(1):28.
[10]孙菲菲,曹阳春,李生祥,等.胆碱对奶牛围产期代谢调控[J].动物营养学报,2014,26(01):26-33.
[11]Castillo C,Hernandez J,Bravo A,et al..Oxidative status during late pregnancy and early lactation in dairy cows[J].The Veterinary Journal,2005,169(2):286-292.
[12]Sharma N,Singh N K,Singh O P,et al..Oxidative stress and antioxidant status during transition period in dairy cows[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2011,24(4):479-484.
[13]Sordillo L M,Aitken S L.Impact of oxidative stress on the health and immune function of dairy cattle[J].Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology,2009,128(1):104-109.
[14]Sordillo L M.Factors affecting mammary gland immunity and mastitis susceptibility[J].Livestock Production Science,2005,98(1):89-99.
[15]Sordillo L M,W Raphael.Significance of metabolic stress,lipid mobilization,and inflammation on transition cow disorders[J].Veterinary Clinics of North America:Food Animal Practice,2013,29(2):267-278.
[16]Bernabucci U.Ronchi B.Lacetera N,et al..Influence of body condition score on relationships between metabolic status and oxidative stress in periparturient dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2005,88(6):2017-2026.
[17]Rastani R R,Grummer R R.Bertics S J,et al..Reducing dry period length to simplify feeding transition cows:milk production,energy balance,and metabolic profiles[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2005,88(3):1004-1014.
[18]Do Amaral B C,Connor E E,Tao S,et al..Heat stress abatement during the dry period influences metabolic gene expression and improves immune status in the transition period of dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2011,94(1):86-96.
[19]West J W.Effects of heat-stress on production in dairy cattle[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2003,86(6):2131-2144.
[20]Wheelock J B,Rhoads R P,VanBaale M J,et al..Effects of heat stress on energetic metabolism in lactating Holstein cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2010,93(2):644-655.
[21]Zimbelman R B,Collier R J,Bilby T R.Effects of utilizing rumen protected niacin on core body temperature as well as milk production and composition in lactating dairy cows during heat stress[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2013,180(1):26-33.
[22]张凡建.日粮添加铬对热应激奶牛脂质代谢和免疫应答的作用机制[D].博士学位论文.北京:中国农业大学,2015.
[23]郑会超.加减白虎汤散剂缓解奶牛热应激的效果及其机理研究[D].博士学位论文.杭州:浙江大学,2013.
[24]Friggens N C,Andersen J B,Larsen T,et al..Priming the dairy cow for lactation:a review of dry cow feeding strategies[J].Animal Research,2004,53(6):453-473.
[25]Andersen J B,Ridder C,Larsen T.Priming the cow for mobilization in the periparturient period:effects of supplementing the dry cow with saturated fat or linseed[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2008,91(3):1029-1043.
[26]Damgaard B M,Weisbjerg M R,Larsen T.Priming the cow for lactation by rapeseed supplementation in the dry period[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2013,96(6):3652-3661.
[27]Hayirli A.Management of dry matter intake and lipid metabolism to alleviate hepatic lipidosis in periparturient dairy cattle.Ph.D.Thesis,Univ.of Wisconsin,Madison,2001.
[28]Rabelo E,Rezende R L,Bertics S J,et al..Effects of transition diets varying in dietary energy density on lactation performance and ruminal parameters of dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2003,86(3):916-925.
[29]Andersen J B,Larsen T,Nielsen M 0,et al..Effect of energy density in the diet and milking frequency on hepatic long chain fatty acid oxidation in early lactating dairy cows[J].Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A,2002,49(4):177-183.
[30]李飞.奶山羊亚急性瘤胃酸中毒模型构建与日粮CBI的优化[D].博士学位论文.杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2014.
[31]Harmon D L.Understanding starch utilization in the small intestine of cattle[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2009,22(7):915-922.
[32]Huhtanen P,Vanhatalo A,Varvikko T.Effects of abomasal infusions of histidine,glucose,and leucine on milk production and plasma metabolites of dairy cows fed grass silage diets[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2002,85(1):204-216.
[33]Vieira F V R,Lopes C N,Cappellozza B I,et al..Effects of intravenous glucose infusion and nutritional balance on serum concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids,glucose,insulin,and progesterone in nonlactating dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2010,93(3):47-55.
[34]Yu Z P,Xu M,Yao J H,et al..Regulation of pancreatic exocrine secretion in goats:differential effects of short-and long-term duodenal phenylalanine treatment[J].Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition,2013,97(3):431-438.
[35]杨昕涧.原奶中添加亮氨酸和苯丙氨酸对奶公犊消化系统和胰腺发育的影响[D].硕士学位论文.杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2016.
[36]刘烨,刘凯,徐明,吕长荣,曹阳春,姚军虎.十二指肠灌注亮氨酸对奶牛胰腺淀粉分泌的影响[J].动物营养学报,2013,25(08):1785-1790.
[37]Liu K,Liu Y,Liu S M,et al..Relationships between leucine and the pancreatic exocrine function for improving starch digestibility in ruminants[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2015,98(4):2576-2582.
[38]于志鹏.苯丙氨酸和亮氨酸对山羊胰腺发育和外分泌功能的调控研究[D].博士学位论文.杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2013.
[39]Yu Z P,Xu M,Wang F,et al..Effect of duodenal infusion of leucine and phenylalanine on intestinal enzyme activities and starch digestibility in goats[J].Livestock Science,2014,162:134-140.
[40]刘凯.亮氨酸和异亮氨酸对奶畜胰腺外分泌功能的影响及调控机理[D].博士学位论文.杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2016.
[41]Nawrot-Pora bka K.Jaworek J.Leja-Szpak A,et al..The role of antisecretory factor in pancreatic exocrine secretion:studies in vivo and in vitro[J].Experimental Physiology,2015,100(3):267-277.
[42]Drackley J K,Overton T R,Douglas G N.Adaptations of glucose and long-chain fatty acid metabolism in liver of dairy cows during the periparturient period[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2001,84:E100-E112.
[43]Reynolds C K,Aikman P CLupoli B,et al..Splanchnic metabolism of dairy cows during the transition from late gestation through early lactation[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2003,86(4):1201-1217.
[44]Larsen M,Kristensen N B.Precursors for liver gluconeogenesis in periparturient dairy cows[J].Animal,2013,7(10):1640-1650.
[45]Dakshinamurti K.Chauhan J.Regulation of biotin enzymes[J].Annual Review of Nutrition,1988,8(01):211-233.
[46]Ferreira G,Weiss W P.Effect of biotin on activity and gene expression of biotin-dependent carboxylases in the liver of dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2007,90(3):1460-1466.
[47]Chen B.Wang C,Wang Y M,et al..Effect of biotin on milk performance of dairy cattle:A meta-analysis[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2011,94(7):3537-3546.
[48]Majee D N,Schwab E C,Bertics S J,et al..Lactation performance by dairy cows fed supplemental biotin and a B-vitamin blend[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2003,86(6):2106-2112.
[49]Enjalbert F,Nicot M CPackington A J.Effects of peripartum biotin supplementation of dairy cows on milk production and milk composition with emphasis on fatty acids profile[J].Livestock Science,2008,114(2):287-295.
[50]Bell A W,Bauman D E.Adaptations of glucose metabolism during pregnancy and lactation[J].Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia,1997,2(3):265-278.
[51]Mulligan F J.O'Grady L,Rice D A,et al..A herd health approach to dairy cow nutrition and production diseases of the transition cow[J].Animal Reproduction Science,2006,96(3):331-353.
[52]Morey S D,Mamedova L K,Anderson D E,et al..Effects of encapsulated niacin on metabolism and production of periparturient dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2011,94(10):5090-5104.
[53]Yuan K,Shaver R D.Bertics S J,et al..Effect of rumen-protected niacin on lipid metabolism,oxidative stress,and performance of transition dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2012,95(5):2673-2679.
[54]Pires J A A,Grummer R R.The use of nicotinic acid to induce sustained low plasma nonesterified fatty acids in feedrestricted Holstein cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2007,90(8):3725-3732.
[55]Rukkwamsuk T,Rungruang S,Choothesa A,et al..Effect of propylene glycol on fatty liver development and hepatic fructose 1,6 bisphosphatase activity in periparturient dairy cows[J].Livestock Production Science,2005,95(1):95-102.
[56]Hayirli A,Bremmer D R.Bertics S J,et al..Effect of chromium supplementation on production and metabolic parameters in periparturient dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2001,84(5):1218-1230.
[57]Chatelain F,Kohl C,Esser V,et al..Cyclic AMP and fatty acids increase carnitine palmitoyltransferase I gene transcription in cultured fetal rat hepatocytes[J].European Journal of Biochemistry,1996,235(3):789-798.
[58]Schaff C B(o|¨)rner S.Hacke S,et al..Increased muscle fatty acid oxidation in dairy cows with intensive body fat mobilization during early lactation[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2013,96(10):6449-6460.
[59]Feifei Sun,Yangchun Cao.Chuanjiang Cai,et al..Regulation of Nutritional Metabolism in Transition Dairy Cows:Energy Homeostasis and Health in Response to Post-Ruminal Choline and Methionine[J].PLoS ONE.2016,11(8):e0160659.
[60]李生祥.过瘤胃胆碱对围产期奶牛能量代谢和乳成分的影响[D].硕士学位论文.杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2014.
[61]Jin L,Yan S,Shi B,et al..Effects of vitamin A on the milk performance,antioxidant functions and immune functions of dairy cows[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2014,192:15-23.
[62]Liu H W,Zhou D W,Li K.Effects of chestnut tannins on performance and antioxidative status of transition dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2013,96(9):5901-5907.
[2]Drackley J K.Biology of dairy cows during the transition period:the final frontier?[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1999,82(11):2259-2273.
[3]曹杰.奶牛围产期疾病数据分析及管理[J].中国奶牛,2014(6).
[4]Overton T.Waldron M.Nutritional management of transition dairy cows:strategies to optimize metabolic health[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2004,87:E105-E119.
[5]Grummer R R.Impact of changes in organic nutrient metabolism on feeding the transition dairy cow[J].Journal of Animal Science,1995,73(9):2820-2833.
[6]苏华维,曹志军,李胜利.围产期奶牛的能量负平衡及能量代谢障碍性疾病[J].中国畜牧杂志,2011,47(20):39-43.
[7]余超.生物素对围产期奶牛泌乳净能和代谢蛋白平衡及生产性能的影响[D].硕士学位论文.杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2016.
[8]Weber C,C Hametner.A Tuchscherer,et al..Hepatic gene expression involved in glucose and lipid metabolism in transition cows:Effects of fat mobilization during early lactation in relation to milk performance and metabolic changes[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2013,96(9):5670-5681.
[9]Schlegel G,J Keller,F Hirche.et al..Expression of genes involved in hepatic carnitine synthesis and uptake in dairy cows in the transition period and at different stages of lactation[J].BMC Veterinary Research,2012,8(1):28.
[10]孙菲菲,曹阳春,李生祥,等.胆碱对奶牛围产期代谢调控[J].动物营养学报,2014,26(01):26-33.
[11]Castillo C,Hernandez J,Bravo A,et al..Oxidative status during late pregnancy and early lactation in dairy cows[J].The Veterinary Journal,2005,169(2):286-292.
[12]Sharma N,Singh N K,Singh O P,et al..Oxidative stress and antioxidant status during transition period in dairy cows[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2011,24(4):479-484.
[13]Sordillo L M,Aitken S L.Impact of oxidative stress on the health and immune function of dairy cattle[J].Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology,2009,128(1):104-109.
[14]Sordillo L M.Factors affecting mammary gland immunity and mastitis susceptibility[J].Livestock Production Science,2005,98(1):89-99.
[15]Sordillo L M,W Raphael.Significance of metabolic stress,lipid mobilization,and inflammation on transition cow disorders[J].Veterinary Clinics of North America:Food Animal Practice,2013,29(2):267-278.
[16]Bernabucci U.Ronchi B.Lacetera N,et al..Influence of body condition score on relationships between metabolic status and oxidative stress in periparturient dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2005,88(6):2017-2026.
[17]Rastani R R,Grummer R R.Bertics S J,et al..Reducing dry period length to simplify feeding transition cows:milk production,energy balance,and metabolic profiles[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2005,88(3):1004-1014.
[18]Do Amaral B C,Connor E E,Tao S,et al..Heat stress abatement during the dry period influences metabolic gene expression and improves immune status in the transition period of dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2011,94(1):86-96.
[19]West J W.Effects of heat-stress on production in dairy cattle[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2003,86(6):2131-2144.
[20]Wheelock J B,Rhoads R P,VanBaale M J,et al..Effects of heat stress on energetic metabolism in lactating Holstein cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2010,93(2):644-655.
[21]Zimbelman R B,Collier R J,Bilby T R.Effects of utilizing rumen protected niacin on core body temperature as well as milk production and composition in lactating dairy cows during heat stress[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2013,180(1):26-33.
[22]张凡建.日粮添加铬对热应激奶牛脂质代谢和免疫应答的作用机制[D].博士学位论文.北京:中国农业大学,2015.
[23]郑会超.加减白虎汤散剂缓解奶牛热应激的效果及其机理研究[D].博士学位论文.杭州:浙江大学,2013.
[24]Friggens N C,Andersen J B,Larsen T,et al..Priming the dairy cow for lactation:a review of dry cow feeding strategies[J].Animal Research,2004,53(6):453-473.
[25]Andersen J B,Ridder C,Larsen T.Priming the cow for mobilization in the periparturient period:effects of supplementing the dry cow with saturated fat or linseed[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2008,91(3):1029-1043.
[26]Damgaard B M,Weisbjerg M R,Larsen T.Priming the cow for lactation by rapeseed supplementation in the dry period[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2013,96(6):3652-3661.
[27]Hayirli A.Management of dry matter intake and lipid metabolism to alleviate hepatic lipidosis in periparturient dairy cattle.Ph.D.Thesis,Univ.of Wisconsin,Madison,2001.
[28]Rabelo E,Rezende R L,Bertics S J,et al..Effects of transition diets varying in dietary energy density on lactation performance and ruminal parameters of dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2003,86(3):916-925.
[29]Andersen J B,Larsen T,Nielsen M 0,et al..Effect of energy density in the diet and milking frequency on hepatic long chain fatty acid oxidation in early lactating dairy cows[J].Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A,2002,49(4):177-183.
[30]李飞.奶山羊亚急性瘤胃酸中毒模型构建与日粮CBI的优化[D].博士学位论文.杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2014.
[31]Harmon D L.Understanding starch utilization in the small intestine of cattle[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2009,22(7):915-922.
[32]Huhtanen P,Vanhatalo A,Varvikko T.Effects of abomasal infusions of histidine,glucose,and leucine on milk production and plasma metabolites of dairy cows fed grass silage diets[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2002,85(1):204-216.
[33]Vieira F V R,Lopes C N,Cappellozza B I,et al..Effects of intravenous glucose infusion and nutritional balance on serum concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids,glucose,insulin,and progesterone in nonlactating dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2010,93(3):47-55.
[34]Yu Z P,Xu M,Yao J H,et al..Regulation of pancreatic exocrine secretion in goats:differential effects of short-and long-term duodenal phenylalanine treatment[J].Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition,2013,97(3):431-438.
[35]杨昕涧.原奶中添加亮氨酸和苯丙氨酸对奶公犊消化系统和胰腺发育的影响[D].硕士学位论文.杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2016.
[36]刘烨,刘凯,徐明,吕长荣,曹阳春,姚军虎.十二指肠灌注亮氨酸对奶牛胰腺淀粉分泌的影响[J].动物营养学报,2013,25(08):1785-1790.
[37]Liu K,Liu Y,Liu S M,et al..Relationships between leucine and the pancreatic exocrine function for improving starch digestibility in ruminants[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2015,98(4):2576-2582.
[38]于志鹏.苯丙氨酸和亮氨酸对山羊胰腺发育和外分泌功能的调控研究[D].博士学位论文.杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2013.
[39]Yu Z P,Xu M,Wang F,et al..Effect of duodenal infusion of leucine and phenylalanine on intestinal enzyme activities and starch digestibility in goats[J].Livestock Science,2014,162:134-140.
[40]刘凯.亮氨酸和异亮氨酸对奶畜胰腺外分泌功能的影响及调控机理[D].博士学位论文.杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2016.
[41]Nawrot-Pora bka K.Jaworek J.Leja-Szpak A,et al..The role of antisecretory factor in pancreatic exocrine secretion:studies in vivo and in vitro[J].Experimental Physiology,2015,100(3):267-277.
[42]Drackley J K,Overton T R,Douglas G N.Adaptations of glucose and long-chain fatty acid metabolism in liver of dairy cows during the periparturient period[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2001,84:E100-E112.
[43]Reynolds C K,Aikman P CLupoli B,et al..Splanchnic metabolism of dairy cows during the transition from late gestation through early lactation[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2003,86(4):1201-1217.
[44]Larsen M,Kristensen N B.Precursors for liver gluconeogenesis in periparturient dairy cows[J].Animal,2013,7(10):1640-1650.
[45]Dakshinamurti K.Chauhan J.Regulation of biotin enzymes[J].Annual Review of Nutrition,1988,8(01):211-233.
[46]Ferreira G,Weiss W P.Effect of biotin on activity and gene expression of biotin-dependent carboxylases in the liver of dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2007,90(3):1460-1466.
[47]Chen B.Wang C,Wang Y M,et al..Effect of biotin on milk performance of dairy cattle:A meta-analysis[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2011,94(7):3537-3546.
[48]Majee D N,Schwab E C,Bertics S J,et al..Lactation performance by dairy cows fed supplemental biotin and a B-vitamin blend[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2003,86(6):2106-2112.
[49]Enjalbert F,Nicot M CPackington A J.Effects of peripartum biotin supplementation of dairy cows on milk production and milk composition with emphasis on fatty acids profile[J].Livestock Science,2008,114(2):287-295.
[50]Bell A W,Bauman D E.Adaptations of glucose metabolism during pregnancy and lactation[J].Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia,1997,2(3):265-278.
[51]Mulligan F J.O'Grady L,Rice D A,et al..A herd health approach to dairy cow nutrition and production diseases of the transition cow[J].Animal Reproduction Science,2006,96(3):331-353.
[52]Morey S D,Mamedova L K,Anderson D E,et al..Effects of encapsulated niacin on metabolism and production of periparturient dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2011,94(10):5090-5104.
[53]Yuan K,Shaver R D.Bertics S J,et al..Effect of rumen-protected niacin on lipid metabolism,oxidative stress,and performance of transition dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2012,95(5):2673-2679.
[54]Pires J A A,Grummer R R.The use of nicotinic acid to induce sustained low plasma nonesterified fatty acids in feedrestricted Holstein cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2007,90(8):3725-3732.
[55]Rukkwamsuk T,Rungruang S,Choothesa A,et al..Effect of propylene glycol on fatty liver development and hepatic fructose 1,6 bisphosphatase activity in periparturient dairy cows[J].Livestock Production Science,2005,95(1):95-102.
[56]Hayirli A,Bremmer D R.Bertics S J,et al..Effect of chromium supplementation on production and metabolic parameters in periparturient dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2001,84(5):1218-1230.
[57]Chatelain F,Kohl C,Esser V,et al..Cyclic AMP and fatty acids increase carnitine palmitoyltransferase I gene transcription in cultured fetal rat hepatocytes[J].European Journal of Biochemistry,1996,235(3):789-798.
[58]Schaff C B(o|¨)rner S.Hacke S,et al..Increased muscle fatty acid oxidation in dairy cows with intensive body fat mobilization during early lactation[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2013,96(10):6449-6460.
[59]Feifei Sun,Yangchun Cao.Chuanjiang Cai,et al..Regulation of Nutritional Metabolism in Transition Dairy Cows:Energy Homeostasis and Health in Response to Post-Ruminal Choline and Methionine[J].PLoS ONE.2016,11(8):e0160659.
[60]李生祥.过瘤胃胆碱对围产期奶牛能量代谢和乳成分的影响[D].硕士学位论文.杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2014.
[61]Jin L,Yan S,Shi B,et al..Effects of vitamin A on the milk performance,antioxidant functions and immune functions of dairy cows[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2014,192:15-23.
[62]Liu H W,Zhou D W,Li K.Effects of chestnut tannins on performance and antioxidative status of transition dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2013,96(9):5901-5907.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |