北方鲜食葡萄水平棚架“顺沟倾斜龙干”树形研究与应用
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- 英文论文题名：Research on "Single cordon along the ditch obliquely" of grape in cold areas
- 论文作者：张付春 ; 潘明启 ; 伍新宇 ; 朱秋萍 ; 韩守安 ; 张雯 ; 钟海霞 ; 郭春苗
- 英文论文作者：ZHANG Fu-chun ; PAM Ming-qi ; WU Xin-yu ; ZHU Qiu-ping ; HAN Shou-an ; ZHANG Wen ; ZHONG Hai-xia ; GUO Chun-miao ; Institute of Horticultural Crops ; Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Pomology(Xinjiang) ; Ministry of Agriculture ; Research Centre of Xinjiang Featured Fruit Tree ; Xinjiang Agricultural University
- 年：2016
- 作者机构：新疆农业科学院园艺作物研究所/农业部新疆地区果树科学观测试验站;新疆农业大学特色果树研究中心;
- 论文关键词：葡萄 ; 树形 ; 冠层 ; 光截获 ; 机艺融合
- 英文论文关键词：Grapes ; Trellis type ; Canopy ; Light interception ; The cooperation of mechanical and skill
- 会议召开时间：2016-07-23
- 会议录名称：第五届全国现代果业标准化示范区创建暨果树优质高效生产技术交流会论文汇编
- 语种：中文
- 分类号：S663.1
- 学会代码：EGYP
- 会议名称：第五届全国现代果业标准化示范区创建暨果树优质高效生产技术交流会
- 会议地点：中国新疆乌鲁木齐
- 主办单位：中国园艺学会、中国园艺学会果树专业委员会
- 学会名称：中国园艺学会
- 页数：13
- 文件大小：883k
- 原文格式：O
- 会议级别：全国
摘要
【目的】通过研究葡萄埋土防寒区水平棚架"顺沟倾斜龙干"树形的应用效果,为优化葡萄栽培技术、提高果实品质、促进机艺融合提供理论依据及技术指导。【方法】以红地球、弗雷无核为试材,将传统水平棚架龙干树形改造成"顺沟倾斜龙干"树形,从产量控制、简化管理、提高果实品质和促进机艺融合等方面进行了对比研究和评价。【结果】果树成熟前传统龙干树形架面1-4道铁丝明显下沉,果穗最低处1.54m,"顺沟倾斜龙干"树形架面中间2-5道铁丝下沉不明显,果穗最低处1.62m;2种树形消光系数相同,而生长季内传统龙干树形实际光能截获面积小于顺沟倾斜龙干树形;顺沟倾斜龙干树形叶片光能利用范围(光较差)LIR为1942和1795μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),而传统龙干树形仅为1830和1730μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1);"顺沟倾斜龙干"树形果实可溶性固形物含量提高1.1%、还原糖含量提高0.6-2.8%、Vc含量提高0.3-0.5 mg·100g~(-1);早霜来袭后,"顺沟倾斜龙干"树形好果率(无明显受冻痕迹的果穗比例)是传统龙干树形的2.2倍,而损失率(穗轴变褐、果梗干枯的果穗比例)较传统龙干树形低83.3%。【结论】葡萄水平棚架"顺沟倾斜龙干"树形可以提高果实品质、有利于简化管理,促进农机使用。
【Objective】 to study the application effect of grapes under the condition of "Single cordon along the ditch obliquely" in the north,and to provide theoretical basis and technical guidance for optimization of grape cultivation techniques,improve fruit quality,promote the cooperation of machinery and agronomy.【Method】 the Red globe and Flame seedless as experimental material,modified traditional single cordon to "Single cordon along the ditch obliquely",comparative study and evaluation from the control of production,simplify management,improve quality and promote the coordination of machinery and agronomy,etc.【Results】 Before the fruit mature,under the condition of TSC,1-4 wire frame surface subsidence,grain lowest place was 1.44 m,SCO frame surface between 2-5 wire sink is not obvious,grain lowest place was 1.62 m;Extinction coefficient of 2 kind of trellis type is the same,the growing season,actual light interception area of TSC smaller than SCO;Range of light intensity of photosynthesis of SCO isl942 and 1795 μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),TSC is1830 and 1730μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1);Soluble solid content of SCO in berry,increased by 1.1%and reducing sugar content increased by 0.6%to 2.8%,Vc content increased by 0.3 to 0.5 mg·100g~(-1);After the first frost strikes,commodity fruit rate of SCO is 2.2 times than TSC and loss rate 83.3%lower than the TSC.【Conclusion】 "Single cordon along the ditch obliquely" can improve fruit quality,simplify management,promote the use of agricultural machinery.
【Objective】 to study the application effect of grapes under the condition of "Single cordon along the ditch obliquely" in the north,and to provide theoretical basis and technical guidance for optimization of grape cultivation techniques,improve fruit quality,promote the cooperation of machinery and agronomy.【Method】 the Red globe and Flame seedless as experimental material,modified traditional single cordon to "Single cordon along the ditch obliquely",comparative study and evaluation from the control of production,simplify management,improve quality and promote the coordination of machinery and agronomy,etc.【Results】 Before the fruit mature,under the condition of TSC,1-4 wire frame surface subsidence,grain lowest place was 1.44 m,SCO frame surface between 2-5 wire sink is not obvious,grain lowest place was 1.62 m;Extinction coefficient of 2 kind of trellis type is the same,the growing season,actual light interception area of TSC smaller than SCO;Range of light intensity of photosynthesis of SCO isl942 and 1795 μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),TSC is1830 and 1730μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1);Soluble solid content of SCO in berry,increased by 1.1%and reducing sugar content increased by 0.6%to 2.8%,Vc content increased by 0.3 to 0.5 mg·100g~(-1);After the first frost strikes,commodity fruit rate of SCO is 2.2 times than TSC and loss rate 83.3%lower than the TSC.【Conclusion】 "Single cordon along the ditch obliquely" can improve fruit quality,simplify management,promote the use of agricultural machinery.
引文
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[5]张光华,王平,管雪强,雷玉娟,何娟.葡萄集约化生产配套技术的研究与应用[J].新疆农垦科技,2011,2:28-30.ZHANG Guang-hua,WANG Ping,GUAN Xue-qiang,LEI Yu-juan,HE Juan.Research and application the technology of form a complete set about grape intensive production[J].Xinjiang Farm Research of Science and Technology,2011,2:28-30.
[6]高美英,李换桃,秦国新,温鹏飞.架式和整枝方式对日光温室葡萄新梢生长的影响[J].山西农业大学学报(自然科学版)2010,30(6):533-535.GAO Mei-ying,Li Huan-tao,QIN Guo-xin,WEN Peng-fei.Studies of Frame Structures and Pruning System on the Spindling of Grape in the Greenhouse[J].J.SHANXI AGRIC.UNIV.(Natural Science Edition)2010,30(6):533-535.
[7]赵文东,满丽婷,孙凌俊,高圣华,赵海亮,马丽,郭修武.架式与负载量对晚红葡萄果实品质的影响[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(11):241-244.ZHAO Wen-dong,MAN Li-ting,SUN Ling-jun,GAO Sheng-hua,ZHAO Hai-liang,MA Li,GUO Xiu-wu.Effect of Different Trellis and Fruit Load on the Fruit Quality of Red Globe Grape[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2010,26(11):241-244.
[8]赵新节,孙玉霞,刘波,王晓,束怀瑞.不同架式栽培的玫瑰香葡萄成熟期挥发性物质的变化[J].园艺学报,2005,32(1):87-90.HAO Xin-jie,SUN Yu-xia,LIU Bo,WANG Xiao,SHU Huai-rui.Changes of Volatile Compounds in'Muscat Hambourg'for Various Trellis System s during Maturity[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2005,32(1):87-90.
[9]单守明,平吉成,王振平,冯美,王文举,张亚红.不同架式对设施葡萄光合作用和果实品质的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2009,37(35):17801-17803.SHAN Shou-ming,PING Ji-cheng,WANG Zhen-ping,FENG Mei,WANG Wen-ju,ZHANG Ya-hong.Effect of Different Shaping Modes on Photosynthesis and Quality of Grape in Greenhouse[J].Journal of Anhui Agri Sci,2009,37(35):17801-17803.
[10]李涛,康璟,孙伟,赵武云,王蒂,张俊莲,康天兰,吴建民.新型冬季葡萄越冬埋藤机的设计与试验[J].干旱地区农业研究,2013,31(4):250-256.LI Tao,KANG Jing,SUN Wei,ZHAO Wu-yun,WANG Di,ZHANG Jun-lian,KANG Tian-lan,WU Jian-min.Design and test on a new grape vine over-winter burying machine[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2013,31(4):250-256.
[11]曾保宁,田志道,赵润良.葡萄起藤机的设计与研制[J].中国农机化学报,2013,34(6):230-232,219.ZENG Bao-ning,TIAN Zhi-dao,ZHAO Run-Hang.Design and development of grape Vine machine[J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2013,34(6):230-232,219.
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