极端降雨特性分析及其对梯田侵蚀灾害影响——以2013年延安为例
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- 英文论文题名：Analysis of extreme rainfall characteristics and the impacts of erosion disasters on terraces:Acase study of Yan'an in 2013
- 论文作者：李慧娟 ; 高建恩 ; 张元星 ; 白先发 ; 孙彭成 ; 张英英
- 英文论文作者：LI Huijuan ; GAO Jianen ; ZHANG Yuanxing ; BAI Xianfa ; SUN Pengcheng ; ZHANG Yingying ; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation ; Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources ; Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Northwest A & F University ; Hunan Provincial Water Resources Department ; Survey and Design Institute of Heilongjiang Land Reclamation ; Ansai County Meteorological Bureau
- 年：2015
- 作者机构：中国科学院教育部水土保持与生态环境研究中心;中国科学院大学;西北农林科技大学;湖南省水利厅;黑龙江农垦勘测设计研究院;安塞县气象局;
- 论文关键词：延安 ; 极端降雨 ; 梯田 ; 侵蚀 ; 降水量
- 英文论文关键词：Yan'an ; extreme rainfall ; terrace ; erosion ; rainfall
- 会议召开时间：2015-09-01
- 会议录名称：2015海峡两岸水土保持学术研讨会论文集（上）
- 英文会议录名称：Proceedings of Cross-strait Symposium on Soil and Water Conservation 2015
- 语种：中文
- 分类号：S157.1
- 学会代码：OGSJ
- 会议名称：2015海峡两岸水土保持学术研讨会
- 会议地点：中国山西太原
- 主办单位：中国水土保持学会、台湾中华水土保持学会
- 学会名称：中国水土保持学会
- 页数：7
- 文件大小：2559k
- 原文格式：O
- 会议级别：全国
摘要
针对2013年造成延安多地严重受灾极端降雨特性研究不够深入问题,基于延安站多年逐日降水资料,分析了该极端降雨的特征并探讨了极端降雨对梯田侵蚀灾害影响。结果表明:2013年延安站极端降雨总量达到959mm,7-9月降水量达到761mm,其中最大月降水发生于7月达到568mm,以上均为有气象记录以来最大值。其最大日、最大3日、最大7日、最大月、最大3月、全年的降水分别超过10年、50年、1000年、10000年、1000年和500年一遇标准。该极端降雨主要以大雨、暴雨形式出现,大雨、暴雨出现多达12次,降水量达到616.5mm。该极端降雨造成严重的侵蚀灾害,典型梯田大田、梯田大棚平均土壤侵蚀模数分别达到18268 t.km~(-2)、23920 t.km~(-2)。延安地区降雨侵蚀出现短历时中强度、中历时高强度、长历时强侵蚀弱输沙的新变化,高效农业梯田工程需要提高设计标准,采取调控侵蚀水沙径流以防止侵蚀。
Currently the study about Yan'an extreme rainfall characteristics in 2013 which caused many of the affected areas is not deep enough.Based on years of daily rainfall data in Yan' an station,analyse the characteristics of the extreme rainfall and discuss the impacts of erosion disasters on terraces.The results show that the total extreme rainfall of Yan' an station in 2013 reached 959 mm.Rainfall from July to September reached 761 mm,among which the maximum monthly rainfall happened in July and reached 568 mm.All above created a new meteorological record.The maximum daily rainfall,the maximum three days rainfall,the maximum seven days rainfall,the maximum monthly rainfall,the maximum three months rainfall,the annual rainfall in 2013 was respectively more than the standard in 10 years,50 years,1000 years,10000 years,1000 years and 500 years.The extreme rainfall mainly occurred in heavy rain and rainstorm.Heavy rain and rainstorm appeared as many as 12 times and the rainfall reached 616.5mm.The extreme rainfall caused serious erosion disasters.The average soil erosion modulus of the typical terraced fields,terrace-greenhouse reached 18268 t.km~(-2) and 23920 t.km~(-2) respectively.Rainfall erosion in Yan' an generated new changes of short duration and middle intensity,middle duration and high intensity,long duration strong erosion and weak sediment.Design standards of efficient agriculture terrace project need to be improved,and water and sediment run-off should be regulated in order to prevent erosion.
Currently the study about Yan'an extreme rainfall characteristics in 2013 which caused many of the affected areas is not deep enough.Based on years of daily rainfall data in Yan' an station,analyse the characteristics of the extreme rainfall and discuss the impacts of erosion disasters on terraces.The results show that the total extreme rainfall of Yan' an station in 2013 reached 959 mm.Rainfall from July to September reached 761 mm,among which the maximum monthly rainfall happened in July and reached 568 mm.All above created a new meteorological record.The maximum daily rainfall,the maximum three days rainfall,the maximum seven days rainfall,the maximum monthly rainfall,the maximum three months rainfall,the annual rainfall in 2013 was respectively more than the standard in 10 years,50 years,1000 years,10000 years,1000 years and 500 years.The extreme rainfall mainly occurred in heavy rain and rainstorm.Heavy rain and rainstorm appeared as many as 12 times and the rainfall reached 616.5mm.The extreme rainfall caused serious erosion disasters.The average soil erosion modulus of the typical terraced fields,terrace-greenhouse reached 18268 t.km~(-2) and 23920 t.km~(-2) respectively.Rainfall erosion in Yan' an generated new changes of short duration and middle intensity,middle duration and high intensity,long duration strong erosion and weak sediment.Design standards of efficient agriculture terrace project need to be improved,and water and sediment run-off should be regulated in order to prevent erosion.
引文
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[3]吴普特,高建恩.黄土高原水土保持新论[M].郑州:黄河水利出版社,2006:5
[4]杨美临,范晓梅.渭河流域径流年内分配变化规律分析[J].安徽农业科学,2010,38(21):11233~11235,11241.
[5]李天宏,郑丽娜.基于RUSI.E模型的延河流域2001—2010年土壤侵蚀动态变化[J].自然资源学报,2012:27(07):1164~1173.
[6]唐克丽.黄河流域的侵蚀与径流泥沙变化[M].北京:中国科学出版社,1993:24.
[7]Zhang J Lin Z.Climate of China[M].New York:John Willey sons,1992:37.6
[8]杨新.西安市降水频率变化特征分析[J].自然灾害学报,2011,20(4):60~65.
[9]谢云,刘宝元,章文波.侵蚀性降雨标准研究[J].水土保持学报,2000,14(4):6~10
[10]穆兴民,戴海伦,高鹏,等.陕北黄土高原降雨侵蚀力时空变化研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2010,24(03):37~43.
[11]殷水清,谢云.黄土高原降雨侵蚀力时空分布[J].水土保持通报,2005,25(04):29~33.
[12]周佩华,王占礼.黄土高原土壤侵蚀暴雨的研究[J].水土保持学报,:1992,6(03):1~5
[13]周佩华,王占礼.黄土高原土壤侵蚀暴雨标准[J].水土保持通报,1987,7(1):38~44.
[14]纪登前.延河流域中上游水文特征分析[J].房地产导刊,2013,(17):157~158.
[15]焦菊英,王万中,李靖.黄土丘陵区不同降雨条件下水平梯田的减水减沙效益分析[J].土壤侵蚀与水土保持学报.1999(03):59-63
[16]吴发启,张玉斌,王健.黄土高原水平梯田的蓄水保土效益分析[J].中国水土保持科学.2004(01):34-37.