时间压力的双刃效应及其作用机制
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- 英文论文题名：The Double-edged Effect and Mechanism of Time Pressure
- 论文作者：李爱梅 ; 颜亮 ; 王笑天 ; 马学谦 ; 李方君
- 英文论文作者：LI Aimei ; YAN Liang ; WANG Xiaotian ; MA Xueqian ; LI Fangjun ; Management School ; Jinan University
- 年：2015
- 作者机构：暨南大学管理学院;
- 论文关键词：时间压力 ; 双刃效应 ; 损耗作用 ; 促进作用 ; 挑战-阻碍模型
- 英文论文关键词：time pressure ; the double-edged effect ; detrimental effect ; motivating effect ; the challenge-hindrance model
- 会议召开时间：2015-10-16
- 会议录名称：第十八届全国心理学学术会议摘要集——心理学与社会发展
- 英文会议录名称：Proceedings of the 18th National Academic Congress of Psychology
- 语种：中文
- 分类号：C913
- 学会代码：ZGXG
- 会议名称：第十八届全国心理学学术会议
- 会议地点：中国天津
- 主办单位：中国心理学会
- 学会名称：中国心理学会
- 页数：2
- 文件大小：752k
- 原文格式：D
- 会议级别：全国
摘要
随着社会竞争的日趋加剧与生活节奏的日益加快,越来越多的人发出了"时间都去哪儿了"的疑问,社会众多媒体也开始关注时间匮乏的话题。在时间压力成为社会舆论的热点话题的同时,它也是学者们研究重点。大量研究者开展了时间压力相关的调查和研究。来自多个国家的实证调查发现,各国民众中有较大比例的个体体验到较高水平的时间压力,并相应带来了一系列的不良后果。因此,时间压力已经成为现代社会中人们经常面对的重要问题,并对个体的工作和生活产生影响。起初研究者将时间压力视为一种负性压力源,认为时间压力只会对个体身心健康、认知功能以及组织活动中的行为和态度等带来消极影响。然而近年来有部分学者指出,时间压力不仅会对个体产生负性损耗,也会对个体产生积极促进,它会对个体主观幸福感、绩效以及基于组织的自尊等带来提升作用。通过对时间压力相关研究的梳理、分析,本文介绍了时间压力的概念和测量方式,并重点总结了时间压力的双刃效应——损耗作用和促进作用,并用注意焦点理论、激活理论、维生素模型和挑战-阻碍模型等理论从压力源的认知应对过程、强度、性质三个角度对时间压力的双刃效应进行了解释。对已有研究进行梳理和分析,我们认为未来研究应该进一步关注:(1)基于时间心理账户开展时间压力的分类研究;(2)时间压力促进作用的动机和情绪双路径机制;(3)探寻有效缓解时间压力损耗作用的机制。
Time pressure has been identified as a pervasive societal problem, a number of people are feeling pressed for time. While time pressure have being a public topic, researchers have also been studying on time pressure and its influences for decades. A large number of researchers carried out the related investigation of time pressure, and have found that people in different countries are in the in trouble of time pressure. In conclusion, tine pressure have been a serious world problem. Earlier researches concentrated mainly on the negative consequences of time pressure, and regarded it as a negative stressor. They uncovered that time pressure had negative influences on individual's physical and mental health, cognitive function and workers ‘attitudes and behaviors in organization. Recently, however, many studies have revealed the motivating effects of it, it could have positive effect on individual's wellbeing, performance and organization-based self-esteem. This paper introduced the concept and measurement of time pressure and summarized its detrimental effects and motivating effects. The attentional focus model, activation theory, vitamin model and the challenge-hindrance model were used to explain the mechanism of the double-edged effect of time pressure. Future researches should have more concern on:(1)Examining the time pressure in different domains(working and nonworking) based on mental accounting theory of time;(2) The motivational and affective mechanisms underlying the positive effects of time pressure;(3) Exploring personal and situational factors which might alleviate the detrimental effects of time pressure.
Time pressure has been identified as a pervasive societal problem, a number of people are feeling pressed for time. While time pressure have being a public topic, researchers have also been studying on time pressure and its influences for decades. A large number of researchers carried out the related investigation of time pressure, and have found that people in different countries are in the in trouble of time pressure. In conclusion, tine pressure have been a serious world problem. Earlier researches concentrated mainly on the negative consequences of time pressure, and regarded it as a negative stressor. They uncovered that time pressure had negative influences on individual's physical and mental health, cognitive function and workers ‘attitudes and behaviors in organization. Recently, however, many studies have revealed the motivating effects of it, it could have positive effect on individual's wellbeing, performance and organization-based self-esteem. This paper introduced the concept and measurement of time pressure and summarized its detrimental effects and motivating effects. The attentional focus model, activation theory, vitamin model and the challenge-hindrance model were used to explain the mechanism of the double-edged effect of time pressure. Future researches should have more concern on:(1)Examining the time pressure in different domains(working and nonworking) based on mental accounting theory of time;(2) The motivational and affective mechanisms underlying the positive effects of time pressure;(3) Exploring personal and situational factors which might alleviate the detrimental effects of time pressure.
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