基于本体论的知识检索研究
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摘要
现代社会信息资源的不断丰富和人们信息需求层次的不断提高，为信息检索技术的发展提出了挑战。人们试图将各种先进的思想和方法引入信息检索领域之中，促进其理论和技术的深层次变革。由此，与人工智能技术紧密结合的知识检索研究逐步成为领域热点。本文所研究的基于本体论的知识检索正是这种结合的体现。
本体论技术是人工智能领域中的一种先进的知识表示技术，它通过概念和概念间的关系反映事物或现象的抽象本质，并建立抽象模型。在知识检索系统中，本体论技术可用于深层知识内容的结构化描述，并基于此实现智能化的搜索、筛选、提炼、整合等知识活动。本文首先研究和总结了本体论的基本理论，重点探讨了基于本体论的知识表示、知识组织和知识检索方法，然后进一步研究了基于本体论的知识检索系统的组成结构和运行机制，最后通过模型系统的构建实例讨论实际应用技术。论文全文分为五个部分：
第一部分介绍本体论的基本理论和相关知识，包括本体论的概念、类型、应用目的和应用领域等基本知识，以及建立本体论的原则、方法、语言和工具等应用知识。
第二部分研究基于本体论的知识表示技术，分析如何利用本体论的基本表示要素对知识内容进行抽象性描述。主要内容包括概念知识的获取、概念知识的本体论表示以及本体论的重用和整合。
第三部分研究基于本体论的知识库组织技术，重点讨论知识检索系统中的各类典型知识的本体论组织方法和知识库构建方法，主要包括语言知识库、专家知识库、领域知识库和事实数据知识库。
第四部分研究基于本体论的知识检索系统的模型和方法。首先提出了知识检索系统的总体模型结构，然后分析各个系统模块的功能和原理，并在此基础上进一步探讨了基于本体论的知识检索推理机制和个性化信息服务机制。
第五部分对笔者在课题研究中参与开发的KRetrieval知识检索模型系统进行剖析，通过对其结构、功能、实现方法和主要特点的介绍，揭示本体论在知识检索中的实际应用方法。
The increasing number of information resources and the developing level of people's information demand in modern society give information retrieval technology a great challenge. New ideas and methods are introduced into the field to reform its theory and technology. So comes one of
the hot topics--knowledge retrieval (KR), which has close association with artificial intelligence
(AI). Ontology-based knowledge retrieval, which is discussed in this paper, just embodies this association.
Ontology is an advanced technology of knowledge representation in AI. It uses concepts and relations between concepts to describe abstract facts and build models. In KR system, ontology can be used to describe deep knowledge content in a structural way. Knowledge actions, including searching, filtering, extracting and integrating, are executed intelligently based on the models. This paper firstly studies the basic theory of ontology, emphasizing on ontology-based knowledge representation, organization and retrieval methods. Then it discusses the generic structure and running mechanism of ontology-based KR system. Finally it explores an example to show how to use ontology in a practical system. The paper contains five parts:
Part 1 introduces the fundamentals of ontology, including its basic knowledge such as definitions kinds purposes etc, and its practice knowledge such as building principles and methods, ontology languages and tools etc.
Part 2 studies the ontology-based knowledge representation technology and analyzes how to give an abstract description of knowledge content using representation elements. The main content of this part includes how to acquire concepts, how to define knowledge in ontology and how to integrate different ontologies.
Part 3 studies the ontology-based knowledge repository. It puts emphases on the organization of four typical kinds of knowledge base in KR system, including language knowledge base, expert knowledge base, domain knowledge base and fact knowledge base.
Part 4 studies ontology-based KR system model. It first proposes a generic structure of the system, and then analyzes the function and principle of every module in the structure. Furthermore, it discusses the mechanism of ontology-based KR reasoning and personalized information service.
Part 5 anatomizes KRetrieval, a KR system model developed by us in the project. By specifying the model's structure, function and features, it gives a picture of the use of ontology in practice.
This paper is one of the product of "information visualization and knowledge retrieval"--
the important science project of ministry of education (Project ID: 02JAZJD870004) .
本体论技术是人工智能领域中的一种先进的知识表示技术，它通过概念和概念间的关系反映事物或现象的抽象本质，并建立抽象模型。在知识检索系统中，本体论技术可用于深层知识内容的结构化描述，并基于此实现智能化的搜索、筛选、提炼、整合等知识活动。本文首先研究和总结了本体论的基本理论，重点探讨了基于本体论的知识表示、知识组织和知识检索方法，然后进一步研究了基于本体论的知识检索系统的组成结构和运行机制，最后通过模型系统的构建实例讨论实际应用技术。论文全文分为五个部分：
第一部分介绍本体论的基本理论和相关知识，包括本体论的概念、类型、应用目的和应用领域等基本知识，以及建立本体论的原则、方法、语言和工具等应用知识。
第二部分研究基于本体论的知识表示技术，分析如何利用本体论的基本表示要素对知识内容进行抽象性描述。主要内容包括概念知识的获取、概念知识的本体论表示以及本体论的重用和整合。
第三部分研究基于本体论的知识库组织技术，重点讨论知识检索系统中的各类典型知识的本体论组织方法和知识库构建方法，主要包括语言知识库、专家知识库、领域知识库和事实数据知识库。
第四部分研究基于本体论的知识检索系统的模型和方法。首先提出了知识检索系统的总体模型结构，然后分析各个系统模块的功能和原理，并在此基础上进一步探讨了基于本体论的知识检索推理机制和个性化信息服务机制。
第五部分对笔者在课题研究中参与开发的KRetrieval知识检索模型系统进行剖析，通过对其结构、功能、实现方法和主要特点的介绍，揭示本体论在知识检索中的实际应用方法。
The increasing number of information resources and the developing level of people's information demand in modern society give information retrieval technology a great challenge. New ideas and methods are introduced into the field to reform its theory and technology. So comes one of
the hot topics--knowledge retrieval (KR), which has close association with artificial intelligence
(AI). Ontology-based knowledge retrieval, which is discussed in this paper, just embodies this association.
Ontology is an advanced technology of knowledge representation in AI. It uses concepts and relations between concepts to describe abstract facts and build models. In KR system, ontology can be used to describe deep knowledge content in a structural way. Knowledge actions, including searching, filtering, extracting and integrating, are executed intelligently based on the models. This paper firstly studies the basic theory of ontology, emphasizing on ontology-based knowledge representation, organization and retrieval methods. Then it discusses the generic structure and running mechanism of ontology-based KR system. Finally it explores an example to show how to use ontology in a practical system. The paper contains five parts:
Part 1 introduces the fundamentals of ontology, including its basic knowledge such as definitions kinds purposes etc, and its practice knowledge such as building principles and methods, ontology languages and tools etc.
Part 2 studies the ontology-based knowledge representation technology and analyzes how to give an abstract description of knowledge content using representation elements. The main content of this part includes how to acquire concepts, how to define knowledge in ontology and how to integrate different ontologies.
Part 3 studies the ontology-based knowledge repository. It puts emphases on the organization of four typical kinds of knowledge base in KR system, including language knowledge base, expert knowledge base, domain knowledge base and fact knowledge base.
Part 4 studies ontology-based KR system model. It first proposes a generic structure of the system, and then analyzes the function and principle of every module in the structure. Furthermore, it discusses the mechanism of ontology-based KR reasoning and personalized information service.
Part 5 anatomizes KRetrieval, a KR system model developed by us in the project. By specifying the model's structure, function and features, it gives a picture of the use of ontology in practice.
This paper is one of the product of "information visualization and knowledge retrieval"--
the important science project of ministry of education (Project ID: 02JAZJD870004) .
引文
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2．石纯一．人工智能原理．1993．北京：清华大学出版社，156-180
3．张玉峰．智能情报系统．1991．武汉：武汉大学出版社，23-199
4．王万森．人工智能原理及其应用．2000．北京：电子工业出版社，34-85
5．王念滨，徐晓飞等．KISO：一种基于本体论的集成知识系统设计．小型微型计算机系统，2000，21(1)：91-94
6．谭寨璐，朱礼．基于本体论的知识表达模式及其必要性．中国远程教育，2002，10：50-52
7．王念滨，徐晓飞等．EOMKIS：支持企业知识系统集成的企业本体论建立系统．人工智能及其应用，1999，25(12)：52-54
8．王念滨，徐晓飞．基于本体论的联邦式多主体系统设计．计算机工程，1999，25(4)：50-52
9．高济．基于表示本体论的智能系统开发．计算机研究与发展，1996，33(11)：802-807
10．廖明宏．本体论与信息检索．计算机工程，2000，26(2)：56-58
11．廖明宏．一个基于本体论的职工能力查询系统．计算机应用研究，1999(12)：88-91
12．韩毅．基于检索相关性转移的本体论检索系统．情报科学，2003，21(2)：195-197
13．钟凌燕，高济．一种基于UML的本体论建模方法．计算机工程，2003，20(2)：38-39
14．万捷，滕至阳．本体论在基于内容信息检索中的应用．计算机工程，2003，20(4)：123-124
15．邓凯，吴家春等．本体论在知识图书馆中的应用初探．情报科学，2003，21(1)：106-108
16．肖燕华，邵世煌．一种基于本体论的Internet信息个性化检索系统的Agent实现模型．微计算机信息，2003(6)：77-78
17．王泰森．一个基于本体论全文自动标引方案．情报科学，2003，21(9)：950-952
18．李飞，高济等．OKMF：一个基于本体论的知识管理系统框架．计算机辅助设计与图形学学报，2003，15(12)：1538-1543
19．李培，孙琳．数字图书馆信息资源本体论的构建．图书情报工作，2003(6)：24-27
20．赵波，陶跃华．本体论及本体论在计算机科学技术中的应用．云南师范大学学报(自然科学版)，2002，22(6)：5-7
21．宋玲，马军．Internet个性化智能信息检索的分析与研究．情报学报，2002，21(1)：34-37
22．赵鹏大，胡光道等．基于语义网络知识表示的专家系统的设计．地球科学-中国地质大学学报，1994，19(4)：391-401
23．李屹，崔瑶等．事件关联图知识表示法及其推理算法．黑龙江大学(自然科学学报)，1995，12(4)：39-42
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