双转子永磁同步风力发电机控制系统的研究
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摘要
随着不可再生资源的日益枯竭,风力发电作为一项可再生能源技术,在全球范围内得到了高度重视。提高风能利用率是风力发电技术研究的热点之一。以往的研究工作主要集中于通过改良控制方法来实现最大功率跟踪,但是该类方法受到风能利用系数上限的限制。本文提出了一种新型的风力发电机—双转子永磁同步风力发电机,其电枢绕组与永磁转子均可自由旋转,实现风能的二次利用,从而提高了系统的风能利用率。在理想条件下,该类电机的相对转速比普通永磁同步电机增加了一倍,提高了发电机的输出电压和输出功率。而且该类电机的最低工作风速仅为普通永磁同步风力发电机的一半,最高工作风速与普通永磁同步风力发电机一样,从而加宽了发电机的工作范围。因此,双转子永磁同步风力发电机在风力发电领域具有独特的优势。
由于双转子永磁同步风力发电机与普通永磁同步风力发电机在结构上有很大不同,因此研究其最大功率跟踪控制和变桨距控制有着重要的理论和实际意义。针对不同的风况,本文分别对双转子永磁同步风力发电机设计了不同的控制策略,以满足发电机在不同工况下的运行要求。根据双转子永磁同步发电机的特点,本文提出了一种新颖的前后风力机风轮半径的设计方法,以实现发电系统的最大功率跟踪。同时,本文也全面分析了其全风况运行的控制策略。
首先介绍了双转子永磁风力发电机的结构、工作原理,并根据相对运动原理推导出双转子永磁同步风力发电机的三相静止和dq旋转坐标系下的数学模型。利用矢量控制和空间矢量控制对双转子永磁同步电机进行了仿真,验证了双转子永磁同步电机数学模型的正确性。
其次,本文回顾了永磁同步风力发电系统的数学模型,并对永磁同步风力发电机的最大功率跟踪控制策略进行了总结,并介绍了网侧变换器的控制方法。这些控制方法对双转子永磁同步风力发电机的控制具有重要参考价值。
根据双转子永磁同步发电机的结构特点,本文通过分析前后风力机的数学模型和机械运动方程,提出了一种新颖的前后风力机风轮半径的设计方法。利用该方法进行前后风轮半径的设计,双转子永磁同步风力发电机的最大功率跟踪可采用传统的永磁同步风力发电机最大功率跟踪控制方法,分别对前后两个风轮进行最大功率跟踪控制从得以实现。同时,本文分析了后风力机可能出现的工作模式,提出了风力机风轮半径设计应注意的问题。
由于双转子永磁同步发电机的内、外转子相对运动可提高发电机的输出功率,因此即便在低于额定风速运行时,双转子永磁同步风力发电机的输出功率也可能会高于额定功率。针对这一特殊工作模式,提出了一种将输出功率限定在额定功率的控制策略：前风力机仍采取最大功率跟踪控制,由额定功率、前后风力机的转速和绕组铜耗等信号得到后风力机的给定转速信号,与后风力机的即时转速形成闭环的变桨距控制,调节后风力机的桨距节距角,控制后风力机的转速,限制后风力机的输出机械功率,将双转子永磁同步风力发电机的输出功率限制在额定点附近。高于额定风速时,需控制后风力机停转,双转子永磁同步风力发电机为一台普通的永磁同步风力发电机,前风力机采取变桨距控制,便可限定发电机的输出功率
在Matlab/Simulink仿真软件中搭建了系统仿真模型。仿真结果表明,文章所提出的最大功率跟踪控制和变桨距控制策略的正确性；双转子永磁同步风力发电机因后风力机可二次利用风能,提高了系统的风能利用率,具有一定的应用和理论研究意义。
With the increasingly exhausted energy resources, wind power generation, as a renewableenergy, has caused more and more attention recently. Along with the development of windpower generation, improving the utilization rate of wind power has become a hot spot.Previous research always concerned the controlling methods to improve the utilization ratio,but there is an upper limit on wind energy utilization coefficient. In this paper, a novel windpower generator, the dual-rotor permanent-magnet wind generator, whose armature part andpermanent-magnet rotor rotate at the opposite directions, was proposed. In an ideal condition,the relative speed and power output of generator double, enhancing the output voltage andgreatly improving the wind energy utilization. Furthermore, the lowest working wind speed isjust the half of traditional permanent-magnet generators while the highest keeps the same,thus widening the range of the working wind speed. So there is a unique advantage in windpower field.
However, the structure design of the dual-rotor permanent-magnet wind generator isvery different from that of the traditional permanent-magnet synchronous wind powergenerator. Thus the research of its maximum power point tracking and pitch control has animportant theoretical and practical significance. So aiming at the dual-rotorpermanent-magnet synchronous wind power generator, this paper comprehensively analysesthe control strategy of the whole wind conditions.
Firstly, a brief introduction about the physical construction and working principle of thedual-rotor permanent-magnet synchronous wind power generator is presented, and themathematical model of the dual-rotor permanent-magnet synchronous wind power generatorunder the three-phase static and dq rotating coordinate is deduced according to the principleof the opposite movement. As the electromagnetic relation of the dual-rotorpermanent-magnet wind generator is the same as that of traditional permanent-magnetsynchronous wind power generator, the dual-rotor permanent-magnet synchronous windpower generator used vector control and space vector PWM control is simulated byMATLAB software, which verifies the validity of the mathematical model of the dual-rotorpermanent-magnet synchronous wind power generator.
Aiming at the dual-rotor permanent-magnet synchronous wind power generator andtraditional permanent-magnet synchronous wind power generator having equal properties inmany principle, the mathematical model of the dual-rotor permanent-magnet synchronouswind power generator system, including the wind turbine, permanent-magnet synchronouswind power generator and grid-side converter, is analyzed firstly. Then all kinds of themaximum power point tracking control strategies of permanent-magnet synchronous windpower generator are summarized and the control method of the grid-side converter isintroduced. All in all, what have done above pave a solid way for finding a appropriatecontrol strategy of the dual-rotor permanent-magnet synchronous wind power generator.
The dual-rotor permanent-magnet synchronous wind power generator as a novel motorwhose the greatest innovation is are that its outer and inner rotor can rotate freely and it canutilize wind energy secondly will improve wind utilization coefficient. Through analyzing themathematical model of the front and back wind turbine and mechanical motion equation ofgenerator, a design method about the rotor radius of the wind turbine is obtained. Accordingto the mechanical motion equation, combined with the maximum power tracking controlmethod of the traditional permanent-magnet synchronous wind power generator, themaximum power control method without detection wind speed is presented. Besides, theissues to be cared in the rotor radius design of the wind turbine, based on the research of allpossible work modes of the back wind turbine, is proposed.
When dual-rotor permanent-magnet synchronous wind turbine at lower than the ratedwind speed operation, the relative movement between inside rotor and outside rotor improvethe output voltage and the power output of generator. Operating at the lower than the ratedwind speed, because the back wind turbine utilize wind energy twice, dual-rotorpermanent-magnet synchronous wind power generator will make the output power ofgenerator may be higher than the rated power. Aiming at the dual-rotor permanent-magnetsynchronous wind power generator of this special working mode, it propose a control strategywhich make output power of generator near the rated power. The front wind turbine still keepthe maximum power tracing control, thus it can get the given speed signal of back windturbine combining the rated power, the speed of generator, the winding copper loss and otherconditions. the signal and the real-time speed of back wind turbine forming closed loop control, it can adjust pitch angles of back wind turbine which can control the speed andrestrict the output power of the back wind turbine. It will restrict the power output near therated power. Higher than the rated wind speed operation, the back wind turbine must stop bymechanical control, thus dual-rotor permanent-magnet synchronous wind generator regard asordinary permanent-magnet synchronous wind generator. It take pitch control method toadjust front wind turbine to keep output power near the rated power of generator.
Simulation model of dual-rotor permanent-magnet synchronous wind power generationsystem was built in Matlab/simulink software.The simulation results show that the correctnessof the maximum power tracing control and the pitch control strategy. It has certain theoreticalresearch significance because the back wind turbine can utilize wind energy twice and greatlyimprove wind energy utilization of the system.
由于双转子永磁同步风力发电机与普通永磁同步风力发电机在结构上有很大不同,因此研究其最大功率跟踪控制和变桨距控制有着重要的理论和实际意义。针对不同的风况,本文分别对双转子永磁同步风力发电机设计了不同的控制策略,以满足发电机在不同工况下的运行要求。根据双转子永磁同步发电机的特点,本文提出了一种新颖的前后风力机风轮半径的设计方法,以实现发电系统的最大功率跟踪。同时,本文也全面分析了其全风况运行的控制策略。
首先介绍了双转子永磁风力发电机的结构、工作原理,并根据相对运动原理推导出双转子永磁同步风力发电机的三相静止和dq旋转坐标系下的数学模型。利用矢量控制和空间矢量控制对双转子永磁同步电机进行了仿真,验证了双转子永磁同步电机数学模型的正确性。
其次,本文回顾了永磁同步风力发电系统的数学模型,并对永磁同步风力发电机的最大功率跟踪控制策略进行了总结,并介绍了网侧变换器的控制方法。这些控制方法对双转子永磁同步风力发电机的控制具有重要参考价值。
根据双转子永磁同步发电机的结构特点,本文通过分析前后风力机的数学模型和机械运动方程,提出了一种新颖的前后风力机风轮半径的设计方法。利用该方法进行前后风轮半径的设计,双转子永磁同步风力发电机的最大功率跟踪可采用传统的永磁同步风力发电机最大功率跟踪控制方法,分别对前后两个风轮进行最大功率跟踪控制从得以实现。同时,本文分析了后风力机可能出现的工作模式,提出了风力机风轮半径设计应注意的问题。
由于双转子永磁同步发电机的内、外转子相对运动可提高发电机的输出功率,因此即便在低于额定风速运行时,双转子永磁同步风力发电机的输出功率也可能会高于额定功率。针对这一特殊工作模式,提出了一种将输出功率限定在额定功率的控制策略：前风力机仍采取最大功率跟踪控制,由额定功率、前后风力机的转速和绕组铜耗等信号得到后风力机的给定转速信号,与后风力机的即时转速形成闭环的变桨距控制,调节后风力机的桨距节距角,控制后风力机的转速,限制后风力机的输出机械功率,将双转子永磁同步风力发电机的输出功率限制在额定点附近。高于额定风速时,需控制后风力机停转,双转子永磁同步风力发电机为一台普通的永磁同步风力发电机,前风力机采取变桨距控制,便可限定发电机的输出功率
在Matlab/Simulink仿真软件中搭建了系统仿真模型。仿真结果表明,文章所提出的最大功率跟踪控制和变桨距控制策略的正确性；双转子永磁同步风力发电机因后风力机可二次利用风能,提高了系统的风能利用率,具有一定的应用和理论研究意义。
With the increasingly exhausted energy resources, wind power generation, as a renewableenergy, has caused more and more attention recently. Along with the development of windpower generation, improving the utilization rate of wind power has become a hot spot.Previous research always concerned the controlling methods to improve the utilization ratio,but there is an upper limit on wind energy utilization coefficient. In this paper, a novel windpower generator, the dual-rotor permanent-magnet wind generator, whose armature part andpermanent-magnet rotor rotate at the opposite directions, was proposed. In an ideal condition,the relative speed and power output of generator double, enhancing the output voltage andgreatly improving the wind energy utilization. Furthermore, the lowest working wind speed isjust the half of traditional permanent-magnet generators while the highest keeps the same,thus widening the range of the working wind speed. So there is a unique advantage in windpower field.
However, the structure design of the dual-rotor permanent-magnet wind generator isvery different from that of the traditional permanent-magnet synchronous wind powergenerator. Thus the research of its maximum power point tracking and pitch control has animportant theoretical and practical significance. So aiming at the dual-rotorpermanent-magnet synchronous wind power generator, this paper comprehensively analysesthe control strategy of the whole wind conditions.
Firstly, a brief introduction about the physical construction and working principle of thedual-rotor permanent-magnet synchronous wind power generator is presented, and themathematical model of the dual-rotor permanent-magnet synchronous wind power generatorunder the three-phase static and dq rotating coordinate is deduced according to the principleof the opposite movement. As the electromagnetic relation of the dual-rotorpermanent-magnet wind generator is the same as that of traditional permanent-magnetsynchronous wind power generator, the dual-rotor permanent-magnet synchronous windpower generator used vector control and space vector PWM control is simulated byMATLAB software, which verifies the validity of the mathematical model of the dual-rotorpermanent-magnet synchronous wind power generator.
Aiming at the dual-rotor permanent-magnet synchronous wind power generator andtraditional permanent-magnet synchronous wind power generator having equal properties inmany principle, the mathematical model of the dual-rotor permanent-magnet synchronouswind power generator system, including the wind turbine, permanent-magnet synchronouswind power generator and grid-side converter, is analyzed firstly. Then all kinds of themaximum power point tracking control strategies of permanent-magnet synchronous windpower generator are summarized and the control method of the grid-side converter isintroduced. All in all, what have done above pave a solid way for finding a appropriatecontrol strategy of the dual-rotor permanent-magnet synchronous wind power generator.
The dual-rotor permanent-magnet synchronous wind power generator as a novel motorwhose the greatest innovation is are that its outer and inner rotor can rotate freely and it canutilize wind energy secondly will improve wind utilization coefficient. Through analyzing themathematical model of the front and back wind turbine and mechanical motion equation ofgenerator, a design method about the rotor radius of the wind turbine is obtained. Accordingto the mechanical motion equation, combined with the maximum power tracking controlmethod of the traditional permanent-magnet synchronous wind power generator, themaximum power control method without detection wind speed is presented. Besides, theissues to be cared in the rotor radius design of the wind turbine, based on the research of allpossible work modes of the back wind turbine, is proposed.
When dual-rotor permanent-magnet synchronous wind turbine at lower than the ratedwind speed operation, the relative movement between inside rotor and outside rotor improvethe output voltage and the power output of generator. Operating at the lower than the ratedwind speed, because the back wind turbine utilize wind energy twice, dual-rotorpermanent-magnet synchronous wind power generator will make the output power ofgenerator may be higher than the rated power. Aiming at the dual-rotor permanent-magnetsynchronous wind power generator of this special working mode, it propose a control strategywhich make output power of generator near the rated power. The front wind turbine still keepthe maximum power tracing control, thus it can get the given speed signal of back windturbine combining the rated power, the speed of generator, the winding copper loss and otherconditions. the signal and the real-time speed of back wind turbine forming closed loop control, it can adjust pitch angles of back wind turbine which can control the speed andrestrict the output power of the back wind turbine. It will restrict the power output near therated power. Higher than the rated wind speed operation, the back wind turbine must stop bymechanical control, thus dual-rotor permanent-magnet synchronous wind generator regard asordinary permanent-magnet synchronous wind generator. It take pitch control method toadjust front wind turbine to keep output power near the rated power of generator.
Simulation model of dual-rotor permanent-magnet synchronous wind power generationsystem was built in Matlab/simulink software.The simulation results show that the correctnessof the maximum power tracing control and the pitch control strategy. It has certain theoreticalresearch significance because the back wind turbine can utilize wind energy twice and greatlyimprove wind energy utilization of the system.
引文
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