小型动态星模拟器技术研究
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摘要
随着航天事业的迅猛发展,天文导航设备日益受到重视,其中,测量精度高且无时间漂移的星敏感器备受青睐。由于航天实验的特殊性,无法把星敏感器送入太空中进行检测,因此有必要在地面上模拟实时星图以对星敏感器进行测试。本文以小型动态星模拟器为研究对象,分析星模拟器的工作原理,确定基于数字光处理技术的小型动态星模拟器总体方案,设计光学系统,编写动态星图软件,提出并实现星光颜色模拟方案,研制出小型动态星模拟器原理样机并设计实验进行测试。
根据星敏感器的工作原理和工作方式,提出基于数字光处理的小型动态星模拟器总体技术方案,并确定了小型动态星模拟器的主要技术指标。
星模拟器光学系统,包括非成像的照明光学系统和成像的准直物镜系统两部分。为了达到小型化的星模拟器技术要求,设计基于白光发光二极管的照明光学系统,并对光阀处的光斑均匀性进行优化与仿真分析,照明不均匀度达到3%;针对星模拟器准直物镜系统的特点,设计了复杂化匹兹万结构的光学系统,并对像差进行了优化分析,最终结果为绝对畸变小于光阀像元尺寸,相对畸变控制在1‰以下,达到星模拟器成像光学系统要求。
编写了动态星图软件,采用快速检索算法,把理论运算量缩减为1/72,支持2~6.5等星的实时动态模拟。设计地基星图软件,通过与商业电子星图的对比,验证了星图显示算法的正确性。
根据星模拟器的未来发展方向,首次提出星光颜色模拟方案。分析天文测光系统各参数,以亮星星表为基准,推导出恒星的色温,由普朗克辐射定律,参照CIE标准色度学系统,确定恒星的色度坐标和星光颜色三刺激值,实现了对恒星的星光颜色模拟。
最后对研制的小型动态星模拟器原理样机进行测试实验,测试结果达到小型动态星模拟器技术要求。
本文的主要创新点在于:一、采用数字光处理技术作为小型动态星模拟器的显示核心,提高显示图像的响应速度和光能利用率,国内外未见相关文献报道;二、探索性地开展星光颜色模拟的研究,为进一步开展恒星的近似光谱模拟提供了一条途径。
With the rapid aerospace development, the space navigation equipment becomes important, especially the star sensor with high accuracy and no time-drift. A star simulator is needed to test the star sensor because of the particularity of aerospace experiment. The main research of this dissertation focuses on the star simulator which is the testing equipment for the star sensor.
The working principle of the star simulator is analyzed on introduction of the star sensor. The system of the star simulator based on Digital Light Processing is designed and the primary technical parameter is determined.
The optical system of the star simulator is divided into two parts: non-imaging optical design and imaging optical design. The white light emitting diode is used as the light source in order to decrease the volume and weight. The illumination program is designed. As a result, the uniformity on the light valve is about 3%. To the imaging optical system of the star simulator, distortion is the most important aberration. The collimating object system with the exit pupil outside is designed on the complex petzval structure. After the optimization, the relative distortion is below 1‰.
The display algorithm for star map is designed based on the principle of some celestial sphere coordinate system on astronomy. To improve the efficiency of the algorithm, the rapid seeking thoughts by district-dividing is introduced to reduce theoretical mathematical operation to 1/72. The dynamic display software for star map is completed to display the stars between the stellar magnitude 2 and 6.5. A star map software program on earth is also designed to test and verify the correctness of the algorithm.
To the weakness of simulation on the stellar spectrum of the dynamic star simulator at the present stage, a program on color simulation of stars is proposed for the first time. The characteristics between the metering system and the spectral classificiation on astronomy are analyzed and finally the UBVRI metering system is chosen. The color temperature of stars is concluded on the related parameters in a star catalog. The blackbody radiation spectral lines are calculated at the concluded color temperature. The chromaticity coordinates and the tristimulus values of stars are determined according to the principle of chromaticity. Then the color simulation of stars is implemented.
The testing experiments are carried out and the experimental results demonstrate the research work.
The first new idea of the dissertation is to introduce Digital Light Processing as the core of the display scheme. The second is to propose a program on color simulation of stars.
根据星敏感器的工作原理和工作方式,提出基于数字光处理的小型动态星模拟器总体技术方案,并确定了小型动态星模拟器的主要技术指标。
星模拟器光学系统,包括非成像的照明光学系统和成像的准直物镜系统两部分。为了达到小型化的星模拟器技术要求,设计基于白光发光二极管的照明光学系统,并对光阀处的光斑均匀性进行优化与仿真分析,照明不均匀度达到3%;针对星模拟器准直物镜系统的特点,设计了复杂化匹兹万结构的光学系统,并对像差进行了优化分析,最终结果为绝对畸变小于光阀像元尺寸,相对畸变控制在1‰以下,达到星模拟器成像光学系统要求。
编写了动态星图软件,采用快速检索算法,把理论运算量缩减为1/72,支持2~6.5等星的实时动态模拟。设计地基星图软件,通过与商业电子星图的对比,验证了星图显示算法的正确性。
根据星模拟器的未来发展方向,首次提出星光颜色模拟方案。分析天文测光系统各参数,以亮星星表为基准,推导出恒星的色温,由普朗克辐射定律,参照CIE标准色度学系统,确定恒星的色度坐标和星光颜色三刺激值,实现了对恒星的星光颜色模拟。
最后对研制的小型动态星模拟器原理样机进行测试实验,测试结果达到小型动态星模拟器技术要求。
本文的主要创新点在于:一、采用数字光处理技术作为小型动态星模拟器的显示核心,提高显示图像的响应速度和光能利用率,国内外未见相关文献报道;二、探索性地开展星光颜色模拟的研究,为进一步开展恒星的近似光谱模拟提供了一条途径。
With the rapid aerospace development, the space navigation equipment becomes important, especially the star sensor with high accuracy and no time-drift. A star simulator is needed to test the star sensor because of the particularity of aerospace experiment. The main research of this dissertation focuses on the star simulator which is the testing equipment for the star sensor.
The working principle of the star simulator is analyzed on introduction of the star sensor. The system of the star simulator based on Digital Light Processing is designed and the primary technical parameter is determined.
The optical system of the star simulator is divided into two parts: non-imaging optical design and imaging optical design. The white light emitting diode is used as the light source in order to decrease the volume and weight. The illumination program is designed. As a result, the uniformity on the light valve is about 3%. To the imaging optical system of the star simulator, distortion is the most important aberration. The collimating object system with the exit pupil outside is designed on the complex petzval structure. After the optimization, the relative distortion is below 1‰.
The display algorithm for star map is designed based on the principle of some celestial sphere coordinate system on astronomy. To improve the efficiency of the algorithm, the rapid seeking thoughts by district-dividing is introduced to reduce theoretical mathematical operation to 1/72. The dynamic display software for star map is completed to display the stars between the stellar magnitude 2 and 6.5. A star map software program on earth is also designed to test and verify the correctness of the algorithm.
To the weakness of simulation on the stellar spectrum of the dynamic star simulator at the present stage, a program on color simulation of stars is proposed for the first time. The characteristics between the metering system and the spectral classificiation on astronomy are analyzed and finally the UBVRI metering system is chosen. The color temperature of stars is concluded on the related parameters in a star catalog. The blackbody radiation spectral lines are calculated at the concluded color temperature. The chromaticity coordinates and the tristimulus values of stars are determined according to the principle of chromaticity. Then the color simulation of stars is implemented.
The testing experiments are carried out and the experimental results demonstrate the research work.
The first new idea of the dissertation is to introduce Digital Light Processing as the core of the display scheme. The second is to propose a program on color simulation of stars.
引文
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