针对沈阳市老龄群体的公共交通标识设计研究
摘要
随着我国老龄化的加剧,老年人出行的比例增加,成为社会活动的主要成员。但随着城市的不断扩大和经济的快速发展,使得乘坐公共交通工具出行成为大中城市老年人最重要的出行方式。而专门针对老年人的公共交通标识的设计与开发还很欠缺,目前有很多城市已经意识到老龄化的严重性并提出了一些解决方案。但是,只是针对几个问题点的解决方案,并没有形成一套系统的专门针对老龄群体的公共交通标识设计方案。
本文通过分析和归纳老年人的生理和心理变化特点,观察老年人的行为特征。分析公共标识设计的基本原则,了解其实质,提出公共标识设计原则的核心是人性化,追求的是平等的使用性。从而寻求到以公共标识设计原则为老年人设计的依据。
以沈阳市公共交通标识设计存在的问题为例,通过对国内外调研案例的分析、归纳和总结实验数据以及对相关文献资料提证等方式,从老年人对文字、色彩、图形、材料、位置、采光、声音等方面的特殊生理需求提出解决方案。如在文字上对各种字形特点、字号大小、细部处理对比分析适合老年人阅读的字体;老年人由于视知觉的退化,在色彩、图形符号的辨识度上都与青年人不同;材料方面的选择能给老年人带来不同的心理感受;位置方面分析了老年人身高、眼高的情况及获取导示信息流畅度等因素;采光方面分析了适合老年人光感度特点的光照强度;在声音上归纳了声音导示的几种形式;提出了新型的电子公交站牌的应用情况。最后将理论分析应用于针对沈阳市老龄群体的公共交通导示设计中,希望能为其提供些理论参考和解决方案。
As the aggravation of ageing in China, the proportion of senior citizens going out is increasing, and they become the main members of public activities. With the expansion of city and the rapid development of economic, going out by public vehicles is the main way for senior citizens. While the design and exploration of the public transit identification especially for senior citizens are still very lack. At present, many cities have realized the ponderance of ageing problem, and offered some solutions. However, it only directs at some problems and hasn’t formed a system aimed at the public transit identification design proposal for ageing group.
Through analyzing and summarizing the physiology and psychology characters of senior citizens, this thesis observes senior citizens’behavior characteristics, and analyzes the basic principle of the public identification design, as well as gets its essence, and point out that hommization is the core of the public identification design, and pursues the equal applicability. Then gets the point that it should deign for ageing group basic on the public identification design principle.
This thesis uses Shenyang public transit identification problems as an example, through the analisis, conclution and summarization of experiment data and gaining the evidence of relative documents to point out the solution proposals of senior citizens’special physiology needs such as charaters, color, graph, material, position, lighting and voice. For example, as for characters, it can contrasts and analyzes the suitable script for senior citizens’reading through the font characters, word size and detail disposing. Through analyzing the involution of old peple’s visual perception to approve that old people’s color and mark recognization degree is different with young people. Choosing the natural material to give warm and relaxed psychological feeling to old people; for the position aspect, analyzing old people’s height and eye height and reading fluency for getting the information; for lighting, analyzing the suitable luminous intensity for old people; for voice, summarizing some voice direct methods;put forward a new type of electronic bus stop board application. Finally, apply the theory analysis in Shenyang senior citizen public transit identification design and offer some theory reference and solutions for this issue.
本文通过分析和归纳老年人的生理和心理变化特点,观察老年人的行为特征。分析公共标识设计的基本原则,了解其实质,提出公共标识设计原则的核心是人性化,追求的是平等的使用性。从而寻求到以公共标识设计原则为老年人设计的依据。
以沈阳市公共交通标识设计存在的问题为例,通过对国内外调研案例的分析、归纳和总结实验数据以及对相关文献资料提证等方式,从老年人对文字、色彩、图形、材料、位置、采光、声音等方面的特殊生理需求提出解决方案。如在文字上对各种字形特点、字号大小、细部处理对比分析适合老年人阅读的字体;老年人由于视知觉的退化,在色彩、图形符号的辨识度上都与青年人不同;材料方面的选择能给老年人带来不同的心理感受;位置方面分析了老年人身高、眼高的情况及获取导示信息流畅度等因素;采光方面分析了适合老年人光感度特点的光照强度;在声音上归纳了声音导示的几种形式;提出了新型的电子公交站牌的应用情况。最后将理论分析应用于针对沈阳市老龄群体的公共交通导示设计中,希望能为其提供些理论参考和解决方案。
As the aggravation of ageing in China, the proportion of senior citizens going out is increasing, and they become the main members of public activities. With the expansion of city and the rapid development of economic, going out by public vehicles is the main way for senior citizens. While the design and exploration of the public transit identification especially for senior citizens are still very lack. At present, many cities have realized the ponderance of ageing problem, and offered some solutions. However, it only directs at some problems and hasn’t formed a system aimed at the public transit identification design proposal for ageing group.
Through analyzing and summarizing the physiology and psychology characters of senior citizens, this thesis observes senior citizens’behavior characteristics, and analyzes the basic principle of the public identification design, as well as gets its essence, and point out that hommization is the core of the public identification design, and pursues the equal applicability. Then gets the point that it should deign for ageing group basic on the public identification design principle.
This thesis uses Shenyang public transit identification problems as an example, through the analisis, conclution and summarization of experiment data and gaining the evidence of relative documents to point out the solution proposals of senior citizens’special physiology needs such as charaters, color, graph, material, position, lighting and voice. For example, as for characters, it can contrasts and analyzes the suitable script for senior citizens’reading through the font characters, word size and detail disposing. Through analyzing the involution of old peple’s visual perception to approve that old people’s color and mark recognization degree is different with young people. Choosing the natural material to give warm and relaxed psychological feeling to old people; for the position aspect, analyzing old people’s height and eye height and reading fluency for getting the information; for lighting, analyzing the suitable luminous intensity for old people; for voice, summarizing some voice direct methods;put forward a new type of electronic bus stop board application. Finally, apply the theory analysis in Shenyang senior citizen public transit identification design and offer some theory reference and solutions for this issue.
引文
[1]吴翔.设计形态学[M].重庆:重庆大学出版社,2008
[2]中华人民共和国国家统计局http://www.stats.gov.cn/
[3] http://baike.baidu.com/view/109749.htm
[4]赵高辉,李小翠.国外老年广播的实践与启示.《新闻实践》杂志, http://news.xinhuanet.com/newmedia/2009-07/29/content_11792058.htm 2009-7-29
[5]吴雅琴.日本适老化设计落地我国养老地产炙手可热.家天下http://www.jiatx.com/news/2011-09-29/6003436.htm 2011-9-29
[6]王受之.世界平面设计史[M].中国青年出版社,2002:262
[7] Tim Harrower.Newspaper Designer’s Handbook,1998:139
[8]曹方.视觉传达设计[M].上海书画出版社,2000
[9]张爱萍.艺术设计中的美[J].广东技术师范学院学报,2003(03)
[10]陈立民.城市公共信息导向系统设计—与空间的交流[M].重庆:西南师范大学出版社,2008(5)
[11]杨明洁,吴佳青.公共设施与导向系统设计[M].杭州:浙江人民美术出版社,2009
[12]刘新祥.城市导识设计[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2008
[13]陈晶.城市公共交通导向系统研究[D].上海:东华大学艺术设计系,2004
[14]张莉莉.城市导向设计[M].上海:上海大学出版社,2005
[15]岳野.公共环境标识的艺术性设计研究[D].北京服装学院,2008
[16]李德明.城市老年人的生活和心理状况及其增龄变化[J].中国老年学杂志,2006.10.26
[17]王艺湘.环境视觉标识设计[M].天津大学出版社,2008
[18] Andreas Ueble[德],高毅[译].导向系统设计[M].中国青年出版社,2008
[19]王德胜.新编消费心理学[M].山东人民出版社,1996
[20]田中直人,岩田三千子,王宝刚[译].标识环境通用设计[M].中国建筑工业出版社,2004.3.1
[21]户张畿声[日].老人的视力与白内障眼科1[M] .1982
[22]田中直人,老田智美,岩田三千子[日].关于视觉残障者的生活环境调查.日本建筑学会近几支部研究报告集
[23]田中直人[日].关于神户街的印象色彩和景观色彩调查.日本建筑学会大会学术演讲更改集.1994
[24] Backjin L, Harry J P, Timmermans. A latent class accelerated hazard model of activity episode Durations[J]. Transportation Research Part B, 2007
[25] Golob T F. Structural equation modeling for travel behavior research[J].Transportation Research B.2003
[26]周健新.国际资料.全球人口老龄化状况.中国人口信息网http://www.cpirc.org.cn/news2002
[27]刘洋.基于老龄化社会的展览空间通用设计研究[D]:硕士学位论文.上海:同济大学建筑城规学院,2004
[28]陈建志.超越年龄的人机界面设计[J].明志工专学报,1996
[29]谢浩.居住空间照明眩光问题分析[J].中国照明电器,2005
[30]鲍诗度.环境标识导向系统设计.中国建筑工业出版社.2007
[31]邹沧萍.老年学概论.中国人民大学出版社.2006.5
[32] Andreas Ueble[德],高毅译.《导向系统设计》中国青年出版社,2008
[33]刘炜,杨春宇,陈仲林.《老年住宅照明光环境》[J].照明工程学报,2001
[34]吕凤显.导向设计.哈尔滨:黑龙江美术出版社,2000
[35]黄国松.色彩设计学.北京:中国纺织出版社,2001
[36]江湘芸.设计材料及加工工艺.北京:北京理工大学出版社,2003
[37] Pual Burrall.Green Design. The Design Council,1991
[38]中川作一[日].许平,贾晓梅,赵秀侠译.《视觉艺术的社会心理》[M] .上海人民美术出版社,1999.6
[39]金伯利·伊拉姆[美].李乐山[译] .设计几何学[M] .水利水电出版社,2003.8
[40]原研哉.朱锷[译].设计中的设计[M].山东人民出版社,2006.11
[41]金伯利·伊拉姆[美].王毅[译] .美国编排设计教程-S[M].上海人民美术出版社,2009.1
[42]吴勇.吴勇平面设计[M].吉林美术出版社,2002.1
[43]李政道.科学与艺术[J]装饰,1993.4
[44]李莉婷.色彩构成[M].广东人民出版社,1993
[45]高中华.色彩的审美基础[M].河南艺术研究院,2000
[46]徐晓庚.现代设计艺术学[M].武昌:长江文艺出版社,2003
[47]图像时代:视觉文化传播的理论诠释[M].上海:复旦大学出版,2005
[48]唐济川.艺术设计学[M].北京:中国文联出版社,2005
[49]郭振山,赵振晓.字体设计[M].天津:天津大学出版社,2010
[50]徐恒醇.设计美学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2006
[2]中华人民共和国国家统计局http://www.stats.gov.cn/
[3] http://baike.baidu.com/view/109749.htm
[4]赵高辉,李小翠.国外老年广播的实践与启示.《新闻实践》杂志, http://news.xinhuanet.com/newmedia/2009-07/29/content_11792058.htm 2009-7-29
[5]吴雅琴.日本适老化设计落地我国养老地产炙手可热.家天下http://www.jiatx.com/news/2011-09-29/6003436.htm 2011-9-29
[6]王受之.世界平面设计史[M].中国青年出版社,2002:262
[7] Tim Harrower.Newspaper Designer’s Handbook,1998:139
[8]曹方.视觉传达设计[M].上海书画出版社,2000
[9]张爱萍.艺术设计中的美[J].广东技术师范学院学报,2003(03)
[10]陈立民.城市公共信息导向系统设计—与空间的交流[M].重庆:西南师范大学出版社,2008(5)
[11]杨明洁,吴佳青.公共设施与导向系统设计[M].杭州:浙江人民美术出版社,2009
[12]刘新祥.城市导识设计[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2008
[13]陈晶.城市公共交通导向系统研究[D].上海:东华大学艺术设计系,2004
[14]张莉莉.城市导向设计[M].上海:上海大学出版社,2005
[15]岳野.公共环境标识的艺术性设计研究[D].北京服装学院,2008
[16]李德明.城市老年人的生活和心理状况及其增龄变化[J].中国老年学杂志,2006.10.26
[17]王艺湘.环境视觉标识设计[M].天津大学出版社,2008
[18] Andreas Ueble[德],高毅[译].导向系统设计[M].中国青年出版社,2008
[19]王德胜.新编消费心理学[M].山东人民出版社,1996
[20]田中直人,岩田三千子,王宝刚[译].标识环境通用设计[M].中国建筑工业出版社,2004.3.1
[21]户张畿声[日].老人的视力与白内障眼科1[M] .1982
[22]田中直人,老田智美,岩田三千子[日].关于视觉残障者的生活环境调查.日本建筑学会近几支部研究报告集
[23]田中直人[日].关于神户街的印象色彩和景观色彩调查.日本建筑学会大会学术演讲更改集.1994
[24] Backjin L, Harry J P, Timmermans. A latent class accelerated hazard model of activity episode Durations[J]. Transportation Research Part B, 2007
[25] Golob T F. Structural equation modeling for travel behavior research[J].Transportation Research B.2003
[26]周健新.国际资料.全球人口老龄化状况.中国人口信息网http://www.cpirc.org.cn/news2002
[27]刘洋.基于老龄化社会的展览空间通用设计研究[D]:硕士学位论文.上海:同济大学建筑城规学院,2004
[28]陈建志.超越年龄的人机界面设计[J].明志工专学报,1996
[29]谢浩.居住空间照明眩光问题分析[J].中国照明电器,2005
[30]鲍诗度.环境标识导向系统设计.中国建筑工业出版社.2007
[31]邹沧萍.老年学概论.中国人民大学出版社.2006.5
[32] Andreas Ueble[德],高毅译.《导向系统设计》中国青年出版社,2008
[33]刘炜,杨春宇,陈仲林.《老年住宅照明光环境》[J].照明工程学报,2001
[34]吕凤显.导向设计.哈尔滨:黑龙江美术出版社,2000
[35]黄国松.色彩设计学.北京:中国纺织出版社,2001
[36]江湘芸.设计材料及加工工艺.北京:北京理工大学出版社,2003
[37] Pual Burrall.Green Design. The Design Council,1991
[38]中川作一[日].许平,贾晓梅,赵秀侠译.《视觉艺术的社会心理》[M] .上海人民美术出版社,1999.6
[39]金伯利·伊拉姆[美].李乐山[译] .设计几何学[M] .水利水电出版社,2003.8
[40]原研哉.朱锷[译].设计中的设计[M].山东人民出版社,2006.11
[41]金伯利·伊拉姆[美].王毅[译] .美国编排设计教程-S[M].上海人民美术出版社,2009.1
[42]吴勇.吴勇平面设计[M].吉林美术出版社,2002.1
[43]李政道.科学与艺术[J]装饰,1993.4
[44]李莉婷.色彩构成[M].广东人民出版社,1993
[45]高中华.色彩的审美基础[M].河南艺术研究院,2000
[46]徐晓庚.现代设计艺术学[M].武昌:长江文艺出版社,2003
[47]图像时代:视觉文化传播的理论诠释[M].上海:复旦大学出版,2005
[48]唐济川.艺术设计学[M].北京:中国文联出版社,2005
[49]郭振山,赵振晓.字体设计[M].天津:天津大学出版社,2010
[50]徐恒醇.设计美学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2006
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