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生态生产性土地视角下的辽西地区村落生态基础设施研究
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摘要
“民以食为天”,如果人类没有农业生产就不会有人类社会,而没有村落土地,农业则失去存在和发展的基础和条件。农村可持续发展问题的实质是经济、社会发展与资源、生态环境间的关系问题,农村与城市的协调有机共同发展需要良好的生态环境作为保障。作为保障人类生产和生活所必须的村落土地是城乡生态系统的重要组成部分。由于迅速工业化和城市建设是我国的主要发展战略,农村的建设,尤其是村落生态环境建设方面,在一段时期内受到了忽视,也出现了许多矛盾和问题。因此,中央和地方政府相继出台了一系列的,保障农村生态环境的政策和措施。如中央提出的生态文明建设、生态示范村和生态示范镇的建设等。
     本文在这样的背景下,基于多年的村落规划设计与建设理论研究、调查分析和设计实践的基础上,结合“十一五”国家科技支撑计划“村镇住宅建筑设计标准研究”课题(2008BAJ08B12)和“十一五”国家科技支撑计划项目“农村住宅节能技术标准研究”(2008BAJ08B10),对辽西地区村落生态基础设施展开研究。
     首先,论文阐述了辽西地区村落生态基础设施研究的背景、意义、目的和研究方法。由可持续发展观出发,综合系统理论、景观生态学理论、生态承载力理论等与之相关的学科理论和方法,对村落生态系统进行重新认识,探讨了村落可持续发展的制约因素——即村落生态基础设施功能可持续发展的问题。并由此将村落生态承载力和村落生态基础设施引入村落生态系统中。
     其次,论文将生态承载力的计算方法和计算模型进行必要的修正,以适应村级生态承载力计算的特点和要求。并对辽西葫芦岛市东窑村2008年的村落生态承载力进行计算和生态安全评价。继而将生态基础设施的概念引入村落生态系统中,并利用景观生态学的理论和方法,结合层次分析法,对以村落生态生产性土地为核心的村落生态基础设施进行定量和定性相结合的测算和分析。
     最后,在此研究基础上,以村落生态承载力量化计算和村落生态基础设施测算为基本方法,对2008年辽西地区13个村落的生态基础设施进行比较分析和研究,为该地区村落的生态基础设施的规划设计及建设提供了可靠的数据支持。并以平原农业型村落为例,提出了基于生态生产性土地的村落生态基础设施调整对策,验证了村落生态承载力量化计算和村落生态基础设施测算的有效性和实用性。
     本文对村落生态承载力量化计算和村落生态基础设施测算,是村落规划设计的前期性定量分析研究和村落可持续发展建设的基础性研究。本文的研究以可持续发展观为统领,综合建筑、规划、系统科学、生态、环境、文化等学科的研究方法,理论与实证研究相结合,定性与定量相结合。
     本文基于可持续发展观,建立了村落生态基础设施测算框架、建立村落生态系统生态承载力的定量分析模型、建立村落生态系统生态安全分析评价模型、建立村落生态基础设施的测算方法并提出调整对策,对村落生态环境建设和可持续发展等问题具有现实意义。
As the old saying said,“bread is staff of life”. Land is the foundation andplatform of human society. The essence of the rural problem of sustainabledevelopment is the balance between development and resources. The organicand common development of rural and urban needs good ecological environmentas a guarantee. As a guarantee of the human production and life, the ruralecological infrastructure is a key component to urban and rural ecologicalsystem. The Chinese people have the unique cultural system and the continuouscultural tradition. The unique thought essence of Chinese traditional culture isthe whole system identification method. Chinese farmers have the born feelingfor land. As the development strategic is concentrated in rapid industrializationand urban construction, the rural ecological environment construction faced aseries of contradictions and problems. So the central and local government hasissued a series of policy and measures as the guarantee of the rural ecologicalenvironment, such as the ecological civilization construction, Ecologicaldemonstration village and town.
     Ecological and productive land is the key to solve these contradictions andproblems. Based on the design practice in rural region and such point of view,this paper studied the case of rural ecological construction of west Liaoning.This paper was supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program duringthe11th Five-Year Plan Period (No.2008BAJ08B12and No.2008BAJ08B10).
     Firstly, this paper expounds the research background, significance,objective and methods of the rural ecological infrastructure. Based on thesustainable development theory, integrated systems theory, biocapacity oflandscape ecology theory, AHP and related discipline theory, this paperdiscusses the rural ecological infrastructure. The concept and connotation ofecological system village were known and comprehended again. The ruralbiocapacity of rural ecological infrastructure concept was proposed.
     Secondly, the theory integrated a series of concepts and methods in thebiocapacity theory and the ecological infrastructure concept. The papermodified the rural biocapacity modifying the calculation method and model, inorder to adapt to the village-level biocapacity calculation of the characteristicsand requirements.Take the Dongyao village in Huludao city as an example, therural biocapacity was calculated and the ecological safety was evaluated. Afterthat the concept of the rural ecological infrastructure was brought in the study of rural ecological system. With the theory and method of landscape ecology andthe AHP, the paper used the method of the quantitative and qualitativecombination of research and analysis to study and analyze the rural ecologicalinfrastructure.
     Finally, based on the study, this method was used on the biocapacity,the ecological security and the rural ecological infrastructure in13villages ofwestern Liaoning province, and provided reliable data support to thesustainable planning of rural ecological system. With the basis method of ruralbiocapacity theory and the rural ecological infrastructure study, the paperverified validity and practicability of the theory.
     The above problems are studied mainly through cross study ofmulti-discipline such as architecture, biology, system science, planning,ecology, environment, culture etc., combination of theory and empiricalstudy, combination of qualitative and quantitative study and comprehensivestudy.
     Based on sustainable development concept, the paper established ruralbiocapacity theory and the rural ecological infrastructure study framework, andthe model of rural biocapacity, the model of rural ecological safety assessment,the study method of the rural ecological infrastructure. The results of the studyhave great practical significance for the rural ecological productive land and therural sustainable development.
引文
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