樊庄煤层气多分支水平井开采技术跟踪研究
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摘要
樊庄区块位于沁水煤层气田南部,煤岩储层物性差,低压、低渗、低饱和现象突出,前期对11口常规直井进行了排采试验,试采效果不理想,传统的井筒技术不适用于沁水盆地的高煤阶煤层气藏的开发利用;煤层气多分支水平井技术集钻井、完井和增产措施于一体,可增大解吸波及面积、提高煤层导流能力、单井产量高、有利于环境保护,在国外煤层气的开采中发挥了重要作用。为了提高单井产量及经济效益,推动煤层气向产业化、规模化发展,华北油田公司通过前期分析论证,决定在樊庄区块引进国外多分支水平井技术开采本区煤层气。本文以晋平2井组为研究对象,通过对该井组环接井和抽排直井钻完井技术评价、排采设备的适应性分析、排液速度的分析和井底压力监测技术的研究,总结煤层气多分支水平井钻完井和排采技术的成功经验和失败教训,为下一步合理有效地开采沁水盆地煤层气提供可借鉴的经验及技术支持。
研究结果表明晋平2井组钻遇的煤层结构复杂,渗透率低,限于地质认识程度,煤层钻遇率低,使排水降压不能有效地传到更大范围;在钻完井过程中,钻机选择、洞穴交汇、分支侧钻、钻头选用等方面都比较合理,但限于井间距离、当时对地质构造的认识、钻进事故、复杂预见及处理方面存在不足,最终导致该井组未能达到预期效果;晋平2井组进行的多次冲砂洗井作业,对煤层产生了污染,在一定程度上影响了产气量;井下压力计对保证排采过程中液面的平稳下降起到了很好的作用,为形成良好的压降漏斗创造了条件。
Fanzhuang block located in the south of Qinshui coal-bed methane fields. The coal rock reservoir has very poor reservoir properties. The pressure, permeability and saturation of the field is very low. In the past 11 conventional vertical wells have been tested about production. The test result is not satisfactory. Traditional technology isn’t applicable to Qinshui Basin high rank coal-bed methane reservoirs. Coal-bed methane multi-branch horizontal well sets of drilling, completion and stimulation in one, it can increase the desorption sweep area, enhance coal bed flow conductivity, add single well production. It also is benefit to environmental protection and it played an important role in the United States Coal-bed methane production. In order to increase the single-well production and economic efficiency, promote the industrialization of coal-bed methane to large-scale development, North China Oil Field decided to recommend multi-branch horizontal well technology to development Fanzhuang block's coal-bed methane after lots of pre-feasibility studies and analyses. In this paper, the Jingping-2 well group was studied, through drilling and completion technology assessment, adaptiveness analysis of production equipment, the speed of production analysis and bottom-hole pressure monitoring technology for the group link wells and cavity wells. In this paper,the author summarized experiences and lessons in the process of drilling, completion and production of coalbed methane multi-branch horizontal well. It provides experience and technical support for rationally and effectively exploiting Qinshui Basin coal-bed methane mining in the future. At the same time, it summarized the successful experiences and failures of implementing multi-branch horizontal well.
The results show that the coal bed of Jinping-2 well group which was drilled is complex, with low permeability and lack of the geology awareness. As a result the rate of drilling is low and the drainage relief cannot effectively spread. In the course of drilling and completion, the selection of drilling rig, caves intersection, branch sidetracking and drill bits are reasonable. But restricted by well spacing, awareness of geological structure at that time, drilling accidents, unpredictability of complex cases and processing method, the well group failed to achieve the desired result in the end. Sand-flushing operations of Jinping-2 well group contaminated the coal bed, this affected the gas production to some extent. Bottom-hole pressure gauge played an important role in ensuring the fluid level to decline smoothly, and it created a favorable environment for the formation of pressure drop funnel.
研究结果表明晋平2井组钻遇的煤层结构复杂,渗透率低,限于地质认识程度,煤层钻遇率低,使排水降压不能有效地传到更大范围;在钻完井过程中,钻机选择、洞穴交汇、分支侧钻、钻头选用等方面都比较合理,但限于井间距离、当时对地质构造的认识、钻进事故、复杂预见及处理方面存在不足,最终导致该井组未能达到预期效果;晋平2井组进行的多次冲砂洗井作业,对煤层产生了污染,在一定程度上影响了产气量;井下压力计对保证排采过程中液面的平稳下降起到了很好的作用,为形成良好的压降漏斗创造了条件。
Fanzhuang block located in the south of Qinshui coal-bed methane fields. The coal rock reservoir has very poor reservoir properties. The pressure, permeability and saturation of the field is very low. In the past 11 conventional vertical wells have been tested about production. The test result is not satisfactory. Traditional technology isn’t applicable to Qinshui Basin high rank coal-bed methane reservoirs. Coal-bed methane multi-branch horizontal well sets of drilling, completion and stimulation in one, it can increase the desorption sweep area, enhance coal bed flow conductivity, add single well production. It also is benefit to environmental protection and it played an important role in the United States Coal-bed methane production. In order to increase the single-well production and economic efficiency, promote the industrialization of coal-bed methane to large-scale development, North China Oil Field decided to recommend multi-branch horizontal well technology to development Fanzhuang block's coal-bed methane after lots of pre-feasibility studies and analyses. In this paper, the Jingping-2 well group was studied, through drilling and completion technology assessment, adaptiveness analysis of production equipment, the speed of production analysis and bottom-hole pressure monitoring technology for the group link wells and cavity wells. In this paper,the author summarized experiences and lessons in the process of drilling, completion and production of coalbed methane multi-branch horizontal well. It provides experience and technical support for rationally and effectively exploiting Qinshui Basin coal-bed methane mining in the future. At the same time, it summarized the successful experiences and failures of implementing multi-branch horizontal well.
The results show that the coal bed of Jinping-2 well group which was drilled is complex, with low permeability and lack of the geology awareness. As a result the rate of drilling is low and the drainage relief cannot effectively spread. In the course of drilling and completion, the selection of drilling rig, caves intersection, branch sidetracking and drill bits are reasonable. But restricted by well spacing, awareness of geological structure at that time, drilling accidents, unpredictability of complex cases and processing method, the well group failed to achieve the desired result in the end. Sand-flushing operations of Jinping-2 well group contaminated the coal bed, this affected the gas production to some extent. Bottom-hole pressure gauge played an important role in ensuring the fluid level to decline smoothly, and it created a favorable environment for the formation of pressure drop funnel.
引文
[1]赵庆波,李安启,李贵中,等.沁水煤层气田樊庄区块新增煤层气探明储量报告.石油勘探开发科学研究院廊坊分院煤层气项目经理部:2008:23-24.
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[3]黄洪春,万玉金.煤层气定向羽状水平井钻井技术研究[J].天然气工业,2004,24(5):33-37.
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[7]高德利,鲜保安.煤层气多分支井身结构设计模型研究[C].第六届全国石油钻井院所长论文集:138-142.
[8]马永峰.美国西部盆地煤层气钻井和完井技术[J].石油钻采工艺,2003,25(4):34-37.
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[10]段明星.煤层气井空气动力洞穴完井力学机理研究[C].2008年煤层气学术研讨会论文集,281-285.
[11]张志刚,崔立平.煤层气井裸眼洞穴完井工艺技术与实践[J].断块油气田,2003,6(6):63-67.
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[13]孙平,李安启,王一兵,等.沁水煤层气田开发技术及应用效果[J].天然气工业,2008,28(3):90-92.
[14]叶建平主编.煤层气勘探开发技术研究.北京:煤炭工业出版社,2007:90-93.
[15]钱凯主编,煤层甲烷气勘探开发理论与实验测试技术.北京:石油工业出版社,2001:123-128.
[16]张群,李建武,张新民,等.高煤阶煤的煤层气开发潜力[J].煤田地质与勘探,2001,26(2):26-30.
[17]任冬梅,张烈辉.煤层气藏与常规天然气藏地质及开采特征比较[J].西南石油学院学报,2001,23(5):28-32.
[18]李相臣.煤岩气藏多分支水平井钻采过程储层破坏预测研究[C].2008年煤层气学术研讨会论文集,202-206.
[19]徐凤银.煤层气勘探开发技术现状及发展趋势[C].2008年煤层气学术研讨会论文集,176-180.
[20]鲜保安,崔思华.中国煤层气开发关键技术及综合利用[J].天然气工业,2004,24(5):104-106.
[21]王红岩刘洪林赵庆波李景明编著.煤层气富集成藏规律.北京:石油工业出版社,1998:38-42.
[22]刘广志.开发煤层气的工程技术[J].探矿工程,1998,1(3):25-28.
[23]樊世忠主编.钻井液完井液及保护油层技术.北京:石油工业出版社,1996:231-235.
[24]万仁溥主编.现代完井工程.北京:石油工业出版社,2000:208-212.
[25]陈庭根主编.钻井工程理论与技术.北京:石油工业出版社,2000:132-136.
[26]郑义,黄洪春.中国煤层气钻井完井技术发展现状及发展方向[J].石油学报,2002,23(3):81-85.
[27]姚艳芳,李玉奎.煤层气井排采试气技术[J].油气井测试,2001,4(4):31-35.
[28]许军,王永强.螺杆泵井杆管磨损原因分析及治理措施[J].石油机械,2005,33(6):34-38.
[29]赵炜,周永霞.煤层气井排水系统方案比较[J].国外石油机械,1997,3(3):42-45.
[30]田中岚,张芳.适用于煤层的新型完井技术----裸眼洞穴完井技术[J].煤田地质与勘探,1998,26(4):69-72.
[31]苏现波主编.煤层气地质学与勘探开发.河南:河南科学技术出版社,2004:72-76
[32]王生维,桑树勋.煤储层孔隙裂隙系统研究进展[J].地质科技情报,1995,23(1):46-50.
[33]张彦平主编.国外煤层甲烷气开发技术译文集.北京:石油工业出版社,2002:97-101.
[34]任源峰,李辉.晋试1井组试气总结报告,华油田公司井下作业公司:1998:23-24.
[35]霍永忠.煤储层的气体解吸特性研究[J].天然气工业,2004,24(5):24-26.
[36]任源峰.煤层气排采中的技术管理[J].油气井测试,2003,12(5):66-68.
[37]曹立刚.煤层气井排采过程中各排采参数间关系的探讨[J].中国煤田地质,2000,12(1):32-36.
[38]吕景昶.煤层气井排采工艺技术[J].油气井测试,2002,11(4):72-74.
[39]张新民,张遂安主编.中国的煤层甲烷.西安:陕西科学技术出版社,1991:62-66.
[40]赵庆波主编.煤层气地质与勘探技术.北京:石油工业出版社,1999:138-142.
[2]江山,王新海.定向羽状分支水平井开发煤层气现状及发展趋势[J].钻采工艺,2004,27(2):43-46.
[3]黄洪春,万玉金.煤层气定向羽状水平井钻井技术研究[J].天然气工业,2004,24(5):33-37.
[4]黄景城,临永洲,张胜利,等.煤层气译文集.河南:河南科学技术出版社,1990:20-24.
[5]熊友明,童敏.煤层气井完井方式的选择[J].石油钻采技术,1996,24(6):45-48.
[6]鲜保安,王一兵,王宪花,等.多分支水平井在煤层气开发中的控制因素及增产机理分析[J].中国煤层气[J],2005,2(1):14-17.
[7]高德利,鲜保安.煤层气多分支井身结构设计模型研究[C].第六届全国石油钻井院所长论文集:138-142.
[8]马永峰.美国西部盆地煤层气钻井和完井技术[J].石油钻采工艺,2003,25(4):34-37.
[9]冯英、郭建峰,郭良栋,等.煤层甲烷气钻井技术探讨[J].探矿工程,2003,16(3): 44-46.
[10]段明星.煤层气井空气动力洞穴完井力学机理研究[C].2008年煤层气学术研讨会论文集,281-285.
[11]张志刚,崔立平.煤层气井裸眼洞穴完井工艺技术与实践[J].断块油气田,2003,6(6):63-67.
[12]马东民.煤层气井采气机理分析[J].西安科技学院学报,2003,23(2):156-159.
[13]孙平,李安启,王一兵,等.沁水煤层气田开发技术及应用效果[J].天然气工业,2008,28(3):90-92.
[14]叶建平主编.煤层气勘探开发技术研究.北京:煤炭工业出版社,2007:90-93.
[15]钱凯主编,煤层甲烷气勘探开发理论与实验测试技术.北京:石油工业出版社,2001:123-128.
[16]张群,李建武,张新民,等.高煤阶煤的煤层气开发潜力[J].煤田地质与勘探,2001,26(2):26-30.
[17]任冬梅,张烈辉.煤层气藏与常规天然气藏地质及开采特征比较[J].西南石油学院学报,2001,23(5):28-32.
[18]李相臣.煤岩气藏多分支水平井钻采过程储层破坏预测研究[C].2008年煤层气学术研讨会论文集,202-206.
[19]徐凤银.煤层气勘探开发技术现状及发展趋势[C].2008年煤层气学术研讨会论文集,176-180.
[20]鲜保安,崔思华.中国煤层气开发关键技术及综合利用[J].天然气工业,2004,24(5):104-106.
[21]王红岩刘洪林赵庆波李景明编著.煤层气富集成藏规律.北京:石油工业出版社,1998:38-42.
[22]刘广志.开发煤层气的工程技术[J].探矿工程,1998,1(3):25-28.
[23]樊世忠主编.钻井液完井液及保护油层技术.北京:石油工业出版社,1996:231-235.
[24]万仁溥主编.现代完井工程.北京:石油工业出版社,2000:208-212.
[25]陈庭根主编.钻井工程理论与技术.北京:石油工业出版社,2000:132-136.
[26]郑义,黄洪春.中国煤层气钻井完井技术发展现状及发展方向[J].石油学报,2002,23(3):81-85.
[27]姚艳芳,李玉奎.煤层气井排采试气技术[J].油气井测试,2001,4(4):31-35.
[28]许军,王永强.螺杆泵井杆管磨损原因分析及治理措施[J].石油机械,2005,33(6):34-38.
[29]赵炜,周永霞.煤层气井排水系统方案比较[J].国外石油机械,1997,3(3):42-45.
[30]田中岚,张芳.适用于煤层的新型完井技术----裸眼洞穴完井技术[J].煤田地质与勘探,1998,26(4):69-72.
[31]苏现波主编.煤层气地质学与勘探开发.河南:河南科学技术出版社,2004:72-76
[32]王生维,桑树勋.煤储层孔隙裂隙系统研究进展[J].地质科技情报,1995,23(1):46-50.
[33]张彦平主编.国外煤层甲烷气开发技术译文集.北京:石油工业出版社,2002:97-101.
[34]任源峰,李辉.晋试1井组试气总结报告,华油田公司井下作业公司:1998:23-24.
[35]霍永忠.煤储层的气体解吸特性研究[J].天然气工业,2004,24(5):24-26.
[36]任源峰.煤层气排采中的技术管理[J].油气井测试,2003,12(5):66-68.
[37]曹立刚.煤层气井排采过程中各排采参数间关系的探讨[J].中国煤田地质,2000,12(1):32-36.
[38]吕景昶.煤层气井排采工艺技术[J].油气井测试,2002,11(4):72-74.
[39]张新民,张遂安主编.中国的煤层甲烷.西安:陕西科学技术出版社,1991:62-66.
[40]赵庆波主编.煤层气地质与勘探技术.北京:石油工业出版社,1999:138-142.