起伏地形电阻率剖面异常研究
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摘要
长期以来,研究起伏地形条件下的地电异常是电法勘探中一个难题,一方面是由于问题本身比较复杂,另一方面是由于不同时期科技发展水平达不到。众所周知,有限单元法适合于模拟形状不规则的模型,计算精度高,是地球物理数值模拟中较常用的方法。本文主要研究起伏地形条件下的电阻率剖面异常,采用的主要研究手段是应用有限单元法对起伏地形条件下电阻率进行正演模拟。
本文首先介绍了研究起伏地形条件下电阻率剖面异常特征的背景和意义,回顾了电法勘探地形影响问题的研究现状。然后介绍了起伏地形条件下有限单元法的计算流程,并对所采用的模拟程序进行了验证。针对山坡、山谷和山脊三种典型地形,进行了多种典型地电模型的电阻率法剖面正演模拟,并对计算出来的结果加以分析,总结了起伏地形情况下的电阻率法剖面异常分布规律,并用经典消除地形影响的方法——比值法,成功地消除了由地形引起的电阻率法剖面假异常。
最后总结全文,说明了研究起伏地形条件下电阻率剖面异常对克服起伏地形的影响有一定的实际意义。
The research of geoelectric anomaly on the undulate topography has been a difficult problem in the field of electrical prospecting for a long time.As we know, the finite element method suits to simulate models of irregular shape accurately. It is the commonly used method in geophysical numerical simulation. In this paper, we mainly study the anomaly of resistivity section on undulate topography. We use finite element method to study this problem by resistivity forward modeling.
In this paper, we firstly introduce the study background and meaning of the problem anomaly of resistivity section on undulate topography. And then we review the study status of terrain effect in electrical exploration. Afterward, the calculation process of the finite element method on undulate topography is introduced. And we have validated the molding programme that we have used. Taking the three typical terrains of brae、valley and ridge as the examples , we have made some forward modeling of resistivity section for many kinds of typical geoelectric models. And we analyze results calculated. The rule of resistivity section anomaly on the condition of undulate topography is summarized. Then we successfully eliminate the artificial anomaly due to terrain effect ofresistivity section by using the typical terrain correction method------ratio method.
At the end, we have explained that it is very significative to study this problem of the anomaly of resistivity section on undulate topography, and it is very important to solve terrain effect.
本文首先介绍了研究起伏地形条件下电阻率剖面异常特征的背景和意义,回顾了电法勘探地形影响问题的研究现状。然后介绍了起伏地形条件下有限单元法的计算流程,并对所采用的模拟程序进行了验证。针对山坡、山谷和山脊三种典型地形,进行了多种典型地电模型的电阻率法剖面正演模拟,并对计算出来的结果加以分析,总结了起伏地形情况下的电阻率法剖面异常分布规律,并用经典消除地形影响的方法——比值法,成功地消除了由地形引起的电阻率法剖面假异常。
最后总结全文,说明了研究起伏地形条件下电阻率剖面异常对克服起伏地形的影响有一定的实际意义。
The research of geoelectric anomaly on the undulate topography has been a difficult problem in the field of electrical prospecting for a long time.As we know, the finite element method suits to simulate models of irregular shape accurately. It is the commonly used method in geophysical numerical simulation. In this paper, we mainly study the anomaly of resistivity section on undulate topography. We use finite element method to study this problem by resistivity forward modeling.
In this paper, we firstly introduce the study background and meaning of the problem anomaly of resistivity section on undulate topography. And then we review the study status of terrain effect in electrical exploration. Afterward, the calculation process of the finite element method on undulate topography is introduced. And we have validated the molding programme that we have used. Taking the three typical terrains of brae、valley and ridge as the examples , we have made some forward modeling of resistivity section for many kinds of typical geoelectric models. And we analyze results calculated. The rule of resistivity section anomaly on the condition of undulate topography is summarized. Then we successfully eliminate the artificial anomaly due to terrain effect ofresistivity section by using the typical terrain correction method------ratio method.
At the end, we have explained that it is very significative to study this problem of the anomaly of resistivity section on undulate topography, and it is very important to solve terrain effect.
引文
[1]李金铭.地点场与电法勘探.北京:地质出版社,2005:136-139
[2]中南矿冶学院物探教研室编.金属矿电法勘探.北京:冶金工业出版社,1980:60-120
[3]张榴晨等.有限元在电磁计算中的应用.北京:中国铁道出版社,1996:5-61
[4]傅良魁.应用地球物理教程:电法 放射性 地热.北京:地质出版社,1991
[5]王秉中.计算电磁学.北京:科学出版社,2002:80-120
[6]马在田等.计算地球物理学概论.上海:同济大学出版社,1997:30-90
[7]徐世浙.地球物理中的有限单元法.北京:科学出版社,1994:131-197
[8]徐世浙.地球物理中的边界单元法.北京:科学出版社,1995:27-89
[9]汤洪志,刘庆成等.边界单元法在高密度电阻率法二维地形改正中的应用效果.物探与化探,2001,25(6)
[10]朱自强,邹声杰等.堤坝地形对直流视电阻率曲线影响的实验研究.工程地球物理学报,2004,1(2)
[11]朱伯芳.有限单元法原理与应用.北京:水利出版社,1979
[12]Coggon,J.H.,Electromagnetic and electrical modeling by the finite element method.Geophysics,1971,36(2):132-155
[13]Silvester,P.,andHaslam,C.R.S.,Magnetotel luric modeling by the finite element method.Prosp.,,1972,20(4):872-891
[14]Jiracek G.R.,Near surface and topographic distortions in topographic in induction.Surveys in Geophysics,1990,11:163-203
[15]Pridmore,D.F.,Hohmann,G.W.,Ward,S.H.and Still,W.R.,An investigation of finite element modeling for electrical and electromagnetic data in 3-D.Geophysics,1981,46(7):342-351
[16]Mitsuhata,Y.,2-D electromagnetic modeling by finite element method with a dipole source and topography.Geophysics,2000,65(2):465-475
[17]刘树才等.适合地形起伏的二维有限单元数值模拟技术.物探化探计算技术,2005,27(2)
[18]罗延中,孟水良.关于用有限单元法计算二维构造点电源场的几个问题.地球物理学报,1986,29(6):37-45
[19]杨华,李金铭.起伏地形对近矿围岩充电法影响规律的数值模拟研究.物探与化探,2000,23(3)
[20]周熙襄.点源二维电法正演的有限元单元法.物化探电子计算技术,1983,3(3):19-40
[21]陈乐寿.有限元法在大地电磁场正演计算中的应用.石油物探,1981,20(3):84-103
[22]周熙襄等.电法勘探正演数值模拟的若干问题.地球物理学报,1983,26(5):479-490
[23]周熙襄等.点源二维有限元技术应用的若干问题.物化探计算技术,1985,7(3):226-233
[24]徐世浙.电阻率法三维地形改正的新方法.物探与化探译丛,1989,(1).
[25]陈乐寿.有限元法在大地电磁场正演计算中的应用.石油物探,1981,20(3):84-103
[26]王书惠.关于用有限元法作磁法勘探正演计算的理论问题.地球物理学报,1981,24(2):207-217
[27]徐世浙.有限元法及其在物探中的应用简介.物探化探计算技术,1982,4(23):86-106
[28]徐世浙.电阻率二维地形改正的地质效果.地质与勘探,1989,25(5)
[29]徐世浙.电导率分段线性变化的水平层的点电源场的数值解.地球物理学报,1986,29(1):84-90
[30]杨进,傅良魁.二维地电构造中点源场的迭代有限元法.物探化探计算技术,1993,15(1):26-30
[31]底青云,王妙月.稳定电流场有限元法模拟研究.地球物理学报,1998,4l(2):252-259
[32]阮百尧.视电阻率对模型电阻率的偏导数矩阵计算方法.地质与勘探,2001,37
[33]周熙襄,钟本善.电法勘探数值模拟技术.成都:四川科学技术出版社,1986:45-77
[34]陈伯舫,侯作中等.有限差分法计算三维地形影响的电磁感应.地震学报,1998,20(5):541-544
[35]罗延钟,万乐.二维地形不平条件下外电场的有限差分模拟.物化探计算技术,1984,6(4)
[36]徐世浙.点源二维各向异性地电断面直流电场的有限元解法.山东海洋学院学报,1988a,18(1),81-90
[37]阮百尧,徐世浙.电导率分块线性变化二维地电断面电阻率测深有限元数值模拟.地球科学,1998,23(3):303-307
[38]薛琴访.场论.北京:地质出版社,1978:104-120
[39]阮百尧.电导率连续变化的三维电阻率测深有限元模拟.地球物理学报,2002,45(1):131-138
[40]阎述.基于三维有限元数值模拟的电和电磁法探测研究:[博士论文].西安:西安交通大学,2003:1-50
[41]黄俊革.三维电阻率/极化率有限元正演模拟与反演成像:[博士论文].长沙:中南大学,2003:15-31
[42]熊彬.二维地电断面电阻率测深的有限元数值模拟:[硕士论文].桂林:桂林工学院,2003:11-39
[43]黄兰珍,田宪谟.电阻率法地形改正及其在工程地质勘查总的应用.物探化探计算技术,1997,11(3)
[44]阮百尧,熊彬,徐世浙.三维地电断面电阻率测深有限元数值模拟.地球科学,2001,26(1),73-77
[45]段本春,朱永盛.最优化波数在点源二维有限元正演计算中的应用.物探与化探,1994,18(3):186-191
[46]徐世浙.点电源二维电场问题中傅氏反变换的波数K的选择.物探化探计算技术,1988,10(3)
[47]强建科.起伏地形三维电阻率正演模拟与反演成像研究:[博士论文].武汉:中国地质大学,2006:1-47
[48]黄俊革,阮百尧,鲍光淑.齐次边界条件下二维地电断面电阻率有限元数值模拟法.桂林工学院学报,2002 22(1),11-14e
[49]徐世浙,倪逸.复杂地电条件下点源三维电阻率模拟的新方法.物探化探计算技术,1991,11(1),13-20
[50]李棋.物探数值方法导论.北京:地质出版社,1991
[51]Xu Shi-zhe.The effect of two-dimensional terrain with point current source on resistivitysurveys.Geophysical research letters,1993,20(10),891-894
[52]Xu Shi-zhe,Gao Zucheng and Zhao Sheng-kai.Anintergral formulation for three-dimensional terrain modeling for resistivity surveys.Geophysics,1988,53,546-55
[2]中南矿冶学院物探教研室编.金属矿电法勘探.北京:冶金工业出版社,1980:60-120
[3]张榴晨等.有限元在电磁计算中的应用.北京:中国铁道出版社,1996:5-61
[4]傅良魁.应用地球物理教程:电法 放射性 地热.北京:地质出版社,1991
[5]王秉中.计算电磁学.北京:科学出版社,2002:80-120
[6]马在田等.计算地球物理学概论.上海:同济大学出版社,1997:30-90
[7]徐世浙.地球物理中的有限单元法.北京:科学出版社,1994:131-197
[8]徐世浙.地球物理中的边界单元法.北京:科学出版社,1995:27-89
[9]汤洪志,刘庆成等.边界单元法在高密度电阻率法二维地形改正中的应用效果.物探与化探,2001,25(6)
[10]朱自强,邹声杰等.堤坝地形对直流视电阻率曲线影响的实验研究.工程地球物理学报,2004,1(2)
[11]朱伯芳.有限单元法原理与应用.北京:水利出版社,1979
[12]Coggon,J.H.,Electromagnetic and electrical modeling by the finite element method.Geophysics,1971,36(2):132-155
[13]Silvester,P.,andHaslam,C.R.S.,Magnetotel luric modeling by the finite element method.Prosp.,,1972,20(4):872-891
[14]Jiracek G.R.,Near surface and topographic distortions in topographic in induction.Surveys in Geophysics,1990,11:163-203
[15]Pridmore,D.F.,Hohmann,G.W.,Ward,S.H.and Still,W.R.,An investigation of finite element modeling for electrical and electromagnetic data in 3-D.Geophysics,1981,46(7):342-351
[16]Mitsuhata,Y.,2-D electromagnetic modeling by finite element method with a dipole source and topography.Geophysics,2000,65(2):465-475
[17]刘树才等.适合地形起伏的二维有限单元数值模拟技术.物探化探计算技术,2005,27(2)
[18]罗延中,孟水良.关于用有限单元法计算二维构造点电源场的几个问题.地球物理学报,1986,29(6):37-45
[19]杨华,李金铭.起伏地形对近矿围岩充电法影响规律的数值模拟研究.物探与化探,2000,23(3)
[20]周熙襄.点源二维电法正演的有限元单元法.物化探电子计算技术,1983,3(3):19-40
[21]陈乐寿.有限元法在大地电磁场正演计算中的应用.石油物探,1981,20(3):84-103
[22]周熙襄等.电法勘探正演数值模拟的若干问题.地球物理学报,1983,26(5):479-490
[23]周熙襄等.点源二维有限元技术应用的若干问题.物化探计算技术,1985,7(3):226-233
[24]徐世浙.电阻率法三维地形改正的新方法.物探与化探译丛,1989,(1).
[25]陈乐寿.有限元法在大地电磁场正演计算中的应用.石油物探,1981,20(3):84-103
[26]王书惠.关于用有限元法作磁法勘探正演计算的理论问题.地球物理学报,1981,24(2):207-217
[27]徐世浙.有限元法及其在物探中的应用简介.物探化探计算技术,1982,4(23):86-106
[28]徐世浙.电阻率二维地形改正的地质效果.地质与勘探,1989,25(5)
[29]徐世浙.电导率分段线性变化的水平层的点电源场的数值解.地球物理学报,1986,29(1):84-90
[30]杨进,傅良魁.二维地电构造中点源场的迭代有限元法.物探化探计算技术,1993,15(1):26-30
[31]底青云,王妙月.稳定电流场有限元法模拟研究.地球物理学报,1998,4l(2):252-259
[32]阮百尧.视电阻率对模型电阻率的偏导数矩阵计算方法.地质与勘探,2001,37
[33]周熙襄,钟本善.电法勘探数值模拟技术.成都:四川科学技术出版社,1986:45-77
[34]陈伯舫,侯作中等.有限差分法计算三维地形影响的电磁感应.地震学报,1998,20(5):541-544
[35]罗延钟,万乐.二维地形不平条件下外电场的有限差分模拟.物化探计算技术,1984,6(4)
[36]徐世浙.点源二维各向异性地电断面直流电场的有限元解法.山东海洋学院学报,1988a,18(1),81-90
[37]阮百尧,徐世浙.电导率分块线性变化二维地电断面电阻率测深有限元数值模拟.地球科学,1998,23(3):303-307
[38]薛琴访.场论.北京:地质出版社,1978:104-120
[39]阮百尧.电导率连续变化的三维电阻率测深有限元模拟.地球物理学报,2002,45(1):131-138
[40]阎述.基于三维有限元数值模拟的电和电磁法探测研究:[博士论文].西安:西安交通大学,2003:1-50
[41]黄俊革.三维电阻率/极化率有限元正演模拟与反演成像:[博士论文].长沙:中南大学,2003:15-31
[42]熊彬.二维地电断面电阻率测深的有限元数值模拟:[硕士论文].桂林:桂林工学院,2003:11-39
[43]黄兰珍,田宪谟.电阻率法地形改正及其在工程地质勘查总的应用.物探化探计算技术,1997,11(3)
[44]阮百尧,熊彬,徐世浙.三维地电断面电阻率测深有限元数值模拟.地球科学,2001,26(1),73-77
[45]段本春,朱永盛.最优化波数在点源二维有限元正演计算中的应用.物探与化探,1994,18(3):186-191
[46]徐世浙.点电源二维电场问题中傅氏反变换的波数K的选择.物探化探计算技术,1988,10(3)
[47]强建科.起伏地形三维电阻率正演模拟与反演成像研究:[博士论文].武汉:中国地质大学,2006:1-47
[48]黄俊革,阮百尧,鲍光淑.齐次边界条件下二维地电断面电阻率有限元数值模拟法.桂林工学院学报,2002 22(1),11-14e
[49]徐世浙,倪逸.复杂地电条件下点源三维电阻率模拟的新方法.物探化探计算技术,1991,11(1),13-20
[50]李棋.物探数值方法导论.北京:地质出版社,1991
[51]Xu Shi-zhe.The effect of two-dimensional terrain with point current source on resistivitysurveys.Geophysical research letters,1993,20(10),891-894
[52]Xu Shi-zhe,Gao Zucheng and Zhao Sheng-kai.Anintergral formulation for three-dimensional terrain modeling for resistivity surveys.Geophysics,1988,53,546-55