用户名: 密码: 验证码:
我国大学科技园区技术创新的制度结构分析
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
21世纪是知识经济时代,创造知识和运用知识的能力与效率己经成为影响一个国家综合国力和国际竞争力的重要因素。高校和科研院所是知识创新、技术创新的源泉,依托高校和科研院所,建立大学科技园区,加快知识创新和技术应用已成为许多国家的共识。创新向来是与制度无法分割的。制度能够通过外部性内部化使创新的个人收益接近其社会收益,进而激发创新者创新动力。大学科技园区的发展离不开促进园区技术创新的制度结构体系。正是基于此,本文从理论和实证两方面对大学科技园区技术创新的制度结构进行了研究和探讨。
     理论分析方面,以新制度经济学及技术创新理论为基础,首先探讨了技术创新与制度创新的关系,提出技术创新与制度创新之间是一个交互决定的动态演进过程。在这种动态的发展过程中,技术创新是一种基础的决定力量,它推动和决定着制度的变革和创新;而制度和制度创新同时又具有相对独立性,对技术创新有重要的能动作用。特别是如果当现存制度成了技术创新的障碍或不适应技术创新发展的要求时,制度创新便成为推动技术创新的重要力量。其次,提出了大学科技园区技术创新制度结构的全新定义、构成及其对技术创新的意义,并运用层次分析方法,从创新动力、创新能力和创新环境等综合最优原则出发,对正式制度进行优选和排序,确定了各种正式制度在促进大学科技园区技术创新中的不同地位,将促进园区技术创新的正式制度分为根本性制度、重大性制度以及其他制度三个层次,进而建立了大学科技园技术创新的制度结构的层级体系,为具体分析世界上成功大学科技园以及我国大学科技园技术创新的制度结构奠定了理论分析框架。
     案例分析方面,以世界成功大学科技园硅谷科技园区和新竹科技园为例,分别对其发展概况、技术创新状况以及技术创新的制度结构进行深入分析,最后对两者的共性及异性进行对比,以此总结出对我国大陆大学科技园区技术创新的制度环境方面的借鉴与启示。
     最后回顾我国大陆大学科技园区的发展历程和技术创新状况,虽然成绩显著,但也存在一些根本性问题,尤其是制度缺陷方面的局限性。因此,完善园区技术创新的制度结构对于提高我国大学科技园区自主创新能力,实现园区快速发展具有重要的意义。完善我国大学科技园区技术创新制度结构的政策建议主要从正式制度和非正式制度两方面入手。正式制度方面,政府通过制定和完善市场制度、产权制度、风险投资制度、产学研合作制度、政府购买制度、财政税收制度、研发资助制度以及教育培训制度等正式制度,可以实现支持和维护有利于园区技术创新的社会秩序和经济秩序。崇尚创新精神的开放的文化氛围构成促进大学科技园区技术创新的非正式制度环境。自由开放的文化氛围不仅可以为园区服务提供强大的精神动力和价值坐标,而且为园区科技发展提供一种终极理念,是促使正式制度安排发挥作用的不可缺少的保障。
The21st century is a time of knowledge economic. The capability and efficiency of creating and applying knowledge become important factors which affect comprehensive national strength and international competitive capacity. Universities and scientific research institutes are headspring of knowledge and technology innovation. It is a consensus that establishing university science and technology park based on universities in order to accelerate the application of knowledge and technology innovation. Innovation could not be separated with institution which can make private benefit close to social benefit through internalizing externalities and inspire the innovators' dynamics of innovation. The development of university science and technological park can't be separated from the institution structure of technological innovation. Based on this, the institution structure of university science and technological park is researched theoretically and empirically in this dissertation.
     In theoretical research aspect, firstly, this paper discussed the relationship of technology innovation and institution innovation based on new institutional economics and technology innovation theory and proposed that it is a mutual decision and dynamic evolution process between technology innovation and institution innovation. During this dynamic process, technology innovation is a fundamental decisive force which promotes and determines institution change and innovation while institution and institution innovation is relative independent and which has important dynamic effect on technology innovation. Institution innovation becomes important driving force in technology when existing institution is the barriers of technology innovation or it can not meet to the requirement of technology innovation development. Second, this article puts forward the new definition, elements of technology innovation system in university science and technology park, and its significance of technology innovation. Bases on conprehensive optimal principle of innovation dynamic, creative ability and innovation environment, this article uses hierarchical analysis method to select and random the formal institution thus identifies the different roles of formal institutions in promting the innovation of university science and technology park. Moreover,it suggests the hierarchy of innovation institution structure in university science and technology park by three levels:fundamental system, major institutional and other institutions.By doing this, the author suggests the theoretical analysis framework of innovation system structure of science and technology park in colleges in china and in the world。
     In the empirical research aspect, this paper takes the successful university science and technology parks such as Silicon Valley, Xing Zhu science and technology park as examples, deeply analyses their development situation, technologic innovation status and institution structure of technologic innovation respectively and contrast their commonness and differences. The aim is to sum up the references and revelations for institution environment of technology innovation in university science and technological park in mainland of China.
     Finally, this article reviews the development of science and technology park in mainland of china and the condition of technology innovation. It gows fast, however, there is some fundamental problem especially in the form of limitation on institution. Therefore, perfecting the technology innovation in parks has its significance of augmenting the capacity of independent innovation in university science and technology park in china, and of achieving a rapid development in the parks. Bases on formal and informal institution,this article envisage the ways to improve innovation institution structure of university science and technology park in china. On the formal institution's hand, it is available for the government to formule market system, property rights system, risk investment system, manufacture-learning-research cooperation system, the government purchase system, fiscal and tax system, r&d funding system and education training system to support and maintain the social order and economic order which in favor of technology innovation in parks. Inform institution conditions of innovation of university science and technology in parks comprise open atmosphere which means advocation of innovation spirit. A free and open cultural atmosphere can not only provide strong spiritual motive and value coordinate for service in parks, but also a kind of ultimate concept for develop in parks, which is indispensable safeguard of the formal system arrangement.
引文
[1]Chung-Jen Chen,Hsueh-Liang Wu,Bou-Wen Lin. Evaluating the development of high-tech industries:Taiwan's science park. Journal of Technological Forecasting and Social Change,2006,73(4):452-465
    [2]Dong Zhu,Tann, Jennifer. A regional innovation system in a small-sized region: A clustering model in Zhongguancun Science Park. Journal of Technology Analysis & Strategic Management,2005,17(3):375-390
    [3]Luis Carvalho. Four challenges for a new science and technology park:AvePark in Guimares, Portugal. Journal of Urban Research & Practice,2009,2(1): 103-108
    [4]Ladly, Martha. Report Designing for Mobile:A Walk in the Park. Journal of Canadian Journal of Communication,2008,33(3):525-536
    [5]Anttiroiko, AV. global competition of high-tech centres. Journal of International Journal of Technology Management,2004,28(3-6):289-323
    [6]Yukio Miyata. An empirical analysis of innovative activity of universities in the United States. Journal of Technovation,2000,20(8):413-425
    [7]Maura McAdama,Rodney McAdam. High tech start-ups in University Science Park incubators:The relationship between the start-up's lifecycle progression and use of the incubator's resources. Journal of Technovation,2008,28(5): 277-290
    [8]林烨.浅谈外国大学科技园对我国高校创办大学科技园的启示.中国科技产业,2002,(7):15-17
    [9]夏光.校区、园区与社区“三区联动”自主技术创新的模式、机制及实证研究:[上海交通大学博士学位论文].上海:上海交通大学,2007,4
    [10]曾建国,陈光.浅议大学与科技园的关系.科学学与科学技术管理,2003,(5):31-35
    [11]徐冠华.大学科技园的建设与发展.中外科技信息,2001,(3):5-8
    [12]秦听,陈士俊,秦旭.关于中国大学科技园建设的若干思考.科学管理研究,2002,(2):51-54
    [13]吴树山,王小绪,潘苏.对大学科技园的再认识.科技与经济,2002,(2):4-6
    [14]Massey,I. Technology and regional development policy:A review of Japan's Technopolis Program.Regional Studies,1990,4(1):41-53
    [15]Custells, Manuel and Peter Hall.Technopoles ofthe World. London:Routledge, 1994,78-82
    [16]陈劲,张平,伊金荣等.中国大学科技园建园与动作模式的研究.研究与发展管理,2001,(6):1-7
    [17]范德清,施祖麟.中国大学科技园建设中的几个问题(上).科学学与科学技术管理,2000,(7):4-7
    [18]钟坚.世界硅谷模式的制度分析.北京:中国社会科学出版社,2001,60-61,326-327
    [19]徐井宏.大学科技园发展中的几个问题.光明日报,2002-05-17
    [20]顾新,张义正.大学科技园——创业板上市公司的孵化器.研究与发展管理,2002,14(5):64-67
    [21]胡平,刘俊.从大学与环境的互动博弈看大学科技园的功能.清华大学教育研究,2004,(12):20-25
    [22]张向先.高技术产业开发区评价方法研究.科学学研究,1997,(3):69
    [23]Westhead,P., Batstone,S. Independent technology-based firms:The Perceived Benefits of a Science Park Location.Urban Studies,1998,35(12):2197-2219
    [24]Michael I. Luger,Harvey A. Goldstein.Technology in the garden:research parks and regional economic development. Chapel Hill:University of North Carolina Press,1991,102-103
    [25]关于开展2003年度国家大学科技园评估(验收)的通知.国科高函[2003]17号
    [26]范德成,张巍.大学科技园评价指标体系研究.科学学与科学技术管理,2005,(12):63-67
    [27]A.V. Bruno, Tyebjee T.T. A model of venture capitalist investment activity. Journal of Management Science,1984,(30):1051-1056
    [28]MALECKI EJ,NIJAKAMP P. Technology and Regional Development:Some Thoughts and Policy.Journal of Environment and Planning C,1988,(6):383
    [29]张庭伟.高科技工业开发区的选址及发展——美国经验介绍.城市规划,1997,(1):47-50
    [30]顾朝林,赵令勋.中国高技术产业与园区.北京:中信出版社,1998,157
    [31]朱栋梁.世界主要科技园区成功经验及启示.现代财经,2000,(10):13-16
    [32]吴林海,范从来.中国科技园区位布局探析—以西安科技园区为例.人文地理,2002,(1):51-54
    [33]谢仁业.大学科技园发展趋势与借鉴.上海高教研究,1998,(7):39-42
    [34]李平.中国大学科技园发展模式的比较.科学学研究,1999,(4):90-95
    [35]吴林海.世界科技园区创新模式比较研究.中国科技论坛,2000,(1):36-40
    [36]徐磊.大学科技园发展模式的探讨.中国科技论坛,2002,(1):24-27
    [37]范德清,施祖麟.中国大学科技园建设中的几个问题(下).科学学与科学技术管理,2000,(8):4-7
    [38]刘卫东.营造孵化体系催生高新技术产业—我国国家大学科技园发展现状.科技进步与对策,2002,(10):12-14
    [39]L工U Huanbin.大学科技园在加速科研成果产业化中的地位与作用.华南理工大学学报(自然科学版),2000,(12):1-5
    [40]陈劲,张平,尹金荣.中国大学科技园建园与动作模式的研究.研究与发展管理,2001,13(6):1-7
    [41]林宝琨.大学科技园运行机制的探讨.吉林教育科学·高教研究,2001,(4):53-55
    [42]吴平,卫民堂,徐海波.科技园管理模式的比较与分析.改革与战略,2002,(Z3):87-89
    [43]李春梅,施建军.经济全球化背景下的大学科技园管理模式探讨.科技进步与对策,2002,(12):21-23
    [44]吴神赋.世界科技园管理体制比较与启示.中国科技论坛,2004,(3):125-128
    [45]Baptista R. Research round up:industrial clusters and technological innovation. Business Strategy Review,1996,7(2):59-64
    [46]Audretsch,David B. and Maryann P. Feldman.R&D spillovers and the geography of innovation and production. American Economic Review,1996, 86(3):630-645
    [47]Phillimore. J. Beyond the linear view ofinnovation in science park evaluation: Ananalysis of Western Australian Technology Park. Technovation,1999,19(11): 673-680
    [48]Audretach,David B.Aggdomeration and Location of Innovative Activity. Oxford Review of Economic Palicy,1998,14(2):18-29
    [49]Feldman,Maryann P and Richard Florida.The geographic sources of innovation: technological infrastructure and product innovation in the united states.Annals of the Association of American Geographers,1994,84:210-229
    [50]Saxenian A. Regional Advantage:Culture and Competition in Silicon Valley and Route 128. Boston:Harvard,1994,34-39
    [51]牟宝柱.中国高新技术产业开发区理论与实践.北京:中国物价出版社,1999,89-108
    [52]吴金明,李铁平,欧阳涛.高科技经济.长沙:国防科技大学出版社,2001,131
    [53]蒋言斌,勾端波,吴爱祥.国家大学科技园创新体系构建.现代大学教育,2003,(2):96-99
    [54]吴林海.科技园区研究:一个新的理论分析框架.科学管理研究,2003,(5):19-24
    [55]王侠.关于高新技术产业开发区创新问题的探讨.理论学刊,2002,(6):77-78
    [56]曹俊文,徐莉.科技园区技术创新能力评价研究.江西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2004,(3):19-23
    [57][美]安纳利·萨克森宁.地区优势:硅谷和128公路地区的文化与竞争.上海:上海远东出版社,1999,(4):46-47
    [58]胡德巧.硅谷与筑波成败的体制分析.中国改革,2000,(9):14-16
    [59]王辑慈,周宇.中关村与国外发达的高技术区域的主要区别.北京科技报,2001-07-02
    [60]韩野.国外大学科技园发展模式的比较研究.改革与发展,2003,(2):60-62
    [61]张克俊.我国高新科技园区建设的比较研究.成都:西南财经大学出版社,2005,155-189
    [62]安宁,王宏起.国际典型大学科技园发展模式的比较研究.科技管理研究,2008,(1):67-68
    [63][美]约瑟夫·熊彼特.经济发展理论.北京:商务印书馆,1990,70-75
    [64]董静.企业创新的制度设计.上海:上海财经大学出版社,2004,(18):86,192-193,217-220
    [65]Andrew H.Van de Ven,etc.The Innovation Journey.New York:Oxford University Press,1999,(9)
    [66]范柏乃.城市技术创新透视——区域技术创新研究的一个新视角.北京:机械工业出版社,2004,149
    [67]Freeman C. The Economics of Industrial Innovation. Cambridge:The MIT Press, 1982,102-103
    [68]OECD.技术创新统计手册.北京:中国财政经济出版社,1993,68
    [69]傅家骥等.技术创新学.北京:清华大学出版社,1998,13
    [70]中共中央国务院.中共中央国务院关于加强技术创新发展高科技实现产业化的决定.人民日报,1999-8-25
    [71]何丰.制度变迁中的企业创新研究.上海:上海大学出版社,2004,21
    [72]HENDERSON RM, CLARK KB. Architectural innovation:the reconfiguration of exiting p roduct technologies and thefailure of established finns [J]. Administrative ScienceQuarterly,1990,35:9-30
    [73]JOSEPH L. BOWER, CLAYTON M. Christensen. Disruptive technologies: catching the wave[J]. HBR,1995
    [74]凡勃仑.有闲阶级论.北京:商务印书馆,1964,139
    [75]康芒斯.制度经济学(上册).北京:商务印书馆,1962,86-87
    [76]North, Douglass C.Intitutions, ideology and economic performance.CATO Journal, Winter 92
    [77]T.W.舒尔茨.制度与人的经济价值的不断提高.财产权利与制度变迁.上海:上海三联书店,1994,253
    [78]V.W.拉坦.诱致性制度变迁理论.财产权利与制度变迁.上海:上海三联书店,1994,329
    [79](德)柯武刚,史漫飞.制度经济学.北京:商务印书馆,2002,35
    [80]青木昌彦,奥野正宽.经济体制的比较制度分析.北京:中国发展出版社,1999,11
    [81]青木昌彦.什么是制度?我们如何理解制度.经济社会体制比较,2000,(6):28-38
    [82]袁庆明.技术创新的制度结构分析.北京:经济管理出版社,2003,48-49,86,106,107
    [83]Polanyi.Karl.The Great Transformation N Y.Rineholt,1957,38-39
    [84]Freeman C.Japan:A New National System of Innovation in G. Dosi. Etal: Techonlogy Change and Economic Theory. London:Printer Publishers,1988, 67-69
    [85]R.Nelson.The sources of Economic growth.Harvard:Harvard University Press, 1996,276
    [86]Lundvall. National system of innovation. London:Pinter Publishers,1992,234
    [87]P. Patel,P. Pavitt.The nature and economic importance of national innovation system. OECD.STI,1994,(14)
    [88]OECD.National innovation system.introduction.p,1997,9-10
    [89]M.Porter.The competitive advantage of Nations.Londen:The MacMillan Press, 1990,287
    [90]戴维斯,诺思.制度创新的理论:描述、类推与说明.载财产权利与制度变迁.上海:上海三联书店,1994,298-299
    [91]Douglass C.North.Institution,organizations and market competition.Economics Working Paper Archive at WUSTL,1996
    [92]刘伟,李凤圣.产权通论.北京:北京出版社,1998,12
    [93]R.Dalpe and C.Debresson,The public sector as first user of innovation,.In Research Policy,1992,(21):251-263
    [94]纳尔逊.美国支持技术进步的制度.技术进步与经济理论.北京:经济科学出版社,1992,389
    [95]牛泽厚.通过财税调节形成促进技术创新的动力机制.中国税务报2007-09-19
    [96]段淑芳.知识经济条件下产学研合作技术创新动因及优势分析.特区经济, 2009,(1):291-293
    [97]胡鹏.BSC视角的企业人力资源危机预警研究:[西安科技大学硕士论文].西安:西安科技大学,2009,21
    [98]霍耀.ERP应用绩效评价研究:[天津大学硕士论文].天津:天津大学,2008:27
    [99]韩秀成.美国的专利政策及其高科技企业的战略.知识产权,2001,(3):43-48
    [100]Castilla EJ.Networks of Venture Capital Firms in SiliconValley. International Journal of Technology Managment,2003,(1):113-135
    [101]书奇.从高新技术产业发展看我国风险投资业的发展趋势.云南社会科学.1999,(6):23-31
    [102]刘长明.硅谷之路.学术界.2001,(5):183-202
    [103]王德禄,赵慕兰.硅谷的产学研合作.中国高新区,2009,(8):77-79
    [104]Nicole Pohl, Gunter Heiduk.Silicon Valley's Innovative Milieu:a Cultural Mix of Enterprises/an.Entrepreneurial Mix of Cultrues.Experiences of European Firms.Erdkun DE,2002,(3):241-252
    [105]胡云华.台湾新竹科学工业园区学习型创新体系研究及其启示.特区经济.2009,(5):285-287
    [106]台湾高科技的摇篮:新竹科技园www.fjsen.com.zt,2009-08-07
    [107]刘澈元,易枫.台湾经济体制的市场化及其困境与走向.开发研究.2008,(3):33-37
    [108]刘澈元,赵媛媛.20世纪50年代以来台湾经济体制市场化的历程、特点及其影响.台湾研究集刊,2009,(1):56-62
    [109]诺思.经济史中的结构与变迁.上海:上海三联书店.1994,89-98
    [110]戴淑庚.台湾风险投资促进高科技产业发展的机制研究——兼论其对大陆的启示.台湾研究集刊,2003,(3):73-78
    [111]王振,朱荣林.台湾新竹科学工业园创新网络剖析.世界经济研究,2003,(6):34-39
    [112]梁涛.基于自组织理论的企业集群形成机制分析:[河北工业大学硕士论文].河北:河北工业大学,2006,36
    [113]李晔.新竹科学工业园区与中关村科技园区发展模式的比较分析:[天津大学硕士论文].天津:天津大学,2005,15-17
    [114]韩正忠.台湾”硅谷”崛起的奥秘.中国国情国力,2001,(9):37-39
    [115]Saxenian A.Licy.Bay-to-bay Strategic Alliances:the Network Linkages between Taiwan and The US Venture Capital Industries.International Journal of Technology Management,2003,(1):136-150
    [116]Tai-Shan Hu,Chien-Yuan Lin,Su-Li Chang.Technology-based regional development strategies and the emergence of technological communities:a case study of HSIP,Taiwan.Journal of Technovation,2005,25(4):367-380
    [117]曾建国,唐金生.斯坦福研究园与新竹科技园发展模式之比较.南华大学学报(社会科学版),2006,(1):42-44
    [118]倪杰,马凯.世界高技术企业发展模式的比较研究及对我国的启示.科技与经济,2008,(3):28-31
    [119]韩正忠.一个不同于硅谷的发展模式——对台湾新竹科学工业园区成功崛起的思考.云南科技管理,2002,(1):54-57
    [120]Chung-Jen Chen, Hsueh-Liang Wu, Bou-Wen Lin.Evaluating the development of high-tech industries:Taiwan's science park Journal of Technological Forecasting and SocialChange,2006,73(4):452-465
    [121]陈珏宇,张振.文化制度安排与经济发展.经济评论,2001,(3):123-126
    [122]李哗,王舜.台湾新竹科学工业园区的发展模式及启示.科学管理研究,2006,(3):118-120
    [123]Wen-Hsinung Lee, Wei-Tzen Yang. The cradle of Taiwan high technology industry development-Hsinchu Science Park. Journal of Technovation,2000, (20):5-59
    [124]周济.落实科学发展观,加强产学研合作,推动大学科技园发展.中国科技产业,2008,(12):10-13
    [125]Justin Tan.Growth of industry clusters and innovation:Lessons from BeijingZhongguancun Science Park.Journal of Business Venturing,2006,21(6): 827-850
    [126]单世涛.我国大学科技园小企业集群创新能力研究:[浙江大学硕士论文].浙江:浙江大学,2002,9-11
    [127]李淑.关于我国大学科技园制度建设的几个问题.山东社会科学2006,(11):128-130
    [128]冯志刚.从美国风险投资的管理看我国高新技术产业策略.国际经济合作,2001,(1):59-61
    [129]文俊伟.创新、产业集聚与区域竞争优势——基于高科技园区发展的理论与实证研究:[华南农业大学博士学位论文].广州:华南农业大学,2003,136
    [130]李守光,席俊峰.论风险投资的风险.市场周刊(财经论坛),2002,(11):85-86
    [131]冯之浚.国家创新系统研究纲要.济南:山东教育出版社,2000,210
    [132]R.Dalpe,C.Debresson.The public sector as first users of innovation.In Research Policy,1992,(21):251-263
    [133]刘小川.促进企业科技创新的政府采购政策研究.学海,2008,(5):126-129
    [134]黎昌珍.论社会文化环境对技术发展的影响:[广西大学硕士论文].南宁:广西大学,2005,39-40
    [135]苏多杰.西部少数民族地区科技创新的制度结构分析.青海民族研究,2005,(2):55-62
    [136]王泽强.从美国硅谷的优势看国内的科技园区建设.安徽科技.2003,(8):44-47

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700