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浙江省城乡一体化研究
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摘要
历经30多年的改革开放,中国实现了由计划经济到市场经济、由温饱不济到总体小康、由封闭的农业社会到开放的工业社会的三大跨越。持续高速的经济增长明显增强了我国的综合国力,也显著提高了人民的生活水平。然而,我国城乡间和区域间的发展很不平衡,特别是农村发展依然落后,城乡关系失衡状态依然突出,这已成为当前中国经济社会发展的突出矛盾之一
     经过多年的探索和实践,浙江省统筹城乡发展、推进城乡一体化取得了显著成绩。对浙江省城乡一体化实践经验进行分析和总结,有利于深化对城乡一体化的认识,更好地把握城乡一体化的内在规律。本文以浙江省为例,以经济学、社会学理论作指导,以实证分析为基础,寻求推进城乡一体化的措施和途径。主要内容包括以下几个方面:
     第一,中国城乡二元结构的产生与演变。总结新中国成立60多年以来城乡二元结构的产生背景和演变过程,深入理解城乡二元结构的本质。
     第二,浙江发展新阶段与城乡一体化之间的关系。分析浙江省城乡一体化的发展过程、现阶段特征和存在问题,研究浙江在工业化中后期阶段的“三农”问题和新世纪初浙江优化城乡关系的机遇与挑战,进一步提出推进城乡一体化的必要性、可能性和紧迫性。
     第三,城乡一体化水平测度。在总结梳理城乡一体化水平测度研究的基础上,根据城乡一体化的内在机理,从空间、社会、经济、生态环境等维度,构建城乡一体化水平测度的指标体系,并以浙江省嘉兴市为例进行实证研究,对浙江省城乡一体化各个指标测度存在的差距进行量化研究。
     第四,农业现代化与城乡一体化。对传统农业和现代农业的内涵进行界定和区分,分析总结浙江省农业发展战略的变革和农业结构的创新,并对现代农业发展与城乡一体化关系进行计量分析,在此基础上,提出构建现代农业发展与城乡一体化良性互促的体制机制。
     第五,农村社区现代化与城乡一体化。提炼农村新社区的特点,分析农村社区现代化治理的主要矛盾,提出优化社区布局、改善社区环境、建设社区设施、提升社区公共服务、加强社区公共管理的建议。
     第六,农民市民化与城乡一体化。对浙江省农民工的现状及特征进行概括,构建浙江农民工融入城市社会的影响因素模型。
     本文研究发现:第一,农村仍是城乡一体化的薄弱方面,城乡体制弊端成为提升城乡一体化水平的最主要的障碍之一。第二,农业现代化的发展水平依然滞后,推进现代农业发展已经成为提升城乡一体化进度的最重要因素。第三,农村社区建设规划滞后和二元治理等问题是城乡差距的重要体现和全省现代化建设的“软肋”,推进中心村、特色村、生态村等农村新社区建设成为提升城乡一体化水平的重要任务。第四,农民工的社会保障、劳动保护及子女教育问题仍然比较突出,促进农民工融入城市社会成为提升城乡一体化水平的最艰巨任务。
After30years of reform and opening up, China has realized three spans from the planned economy to the market economy, from insufficient food and clothing to the overall well-off and from closed agricultural society to an open industrial society. Consistently high economic growth significantly enhanced China's comprehensive national strength, and also significantly improve the living standard of the Chinese people. The development between urban and rural areas and among regions, however, is extremely unbalanced, especially the rural development is still lag behind; imbalance state of the urban-rural relationship is still outstanding. It has become one of the prominent contradictions in the current Chinese economic and social development.
     Zhejiang Province, after many years of exploration and practice, has achieved notable successes in balancing urban and rural development and in promoting urban and rural integration.Strengthening the analysis and summary of practical experience of urban and rural integrated in Zhejiang Province, is conducive to deepening the understanding of urban and rural integration, and will better the grasp of the inherent laws of urban and rural integration. This paper taking Zhejiang province as an example, based on economics, sociology theory and the empirical analysis, sought to measures and approaches of promoting urban-rural integration. The main contents included the following aspects:
     I. The generation and evolution of urban-rural dual structure in China. This paper summed the background and evolution process of the urban-rural dual structure since the founding of New Chinam. and further understood the nature of urban and rural dual structure.
     II. The relationship between Zhejiang's new development stage and urban-rural integration. This paper analysed the process and characteristics at this stage and problems in urban-rural integration of Zhejiang province, and researched the issue of agriculture, rural areas and farmers in the middle or later stage of industrialization, and discussed opportunities and challenges of optimization of the urban-rural relationship at the beginning of the new century. This paper also further put forward the necessity, possibility and urgency of urban and rural integration.
     Ⅲ. The measure of the level of urban-rural integration. Based on the summary of research of the level measure of urban-rural integration, according to the inner mechanism of urban-rural integration, this paper constructed an index system of the level measure of urban-rural integration from the dimensions of space, social, economic, ecological and environmental. Taking Jiaxing City. Zhejiang Province as an example of empirical research, this paper made a quantitative research of the existing gap of various indicator measures.
     Ⅳ. The research of modern agriculture construction and urban-rural integration. This paper defined and distinguished the connotation of traditional agriculture and modern agriculture, and analysed and summarized agricultural development strategy change and agricultural structure innovation in Zhejiang. and also made econometric analysis of the relationship between modern agriculture development and urban-rural integration. Based on this, this paper proposed to construct system of benign mechanism in promoting modern agriculture development and urban-rural integration.
     Ⅴ. The research of rural new community construction and urban-rural integration. This paper refined the characteristics of the new rural community, and analysed the main contradiction in rural community modern management, and also proposed optimizating community layout, improving community environment, constructing community infrastructure, promoting community public services, and strengthening public administration.
     Ⅵ. The research of urbanization of farmers and urban-rural integration. This paper summarized the present situation and characteristics of migrant workers in Zhejiang Province and built factor model of migrant worker's melting into urban society.
     The new findings from the research are mainly as followed.
     Ⅰ. Rural areas are still weak aspects of urban-rural integration in Zhejiang Province. Urban-rural institutional drawbacks become the main obstacle of raising the level of urban-rural integration.
     Ⅱ. The modern agricultural development is still lags behind in Zhejiang province. Speeding up to the development of modern agriculture becomes the most important factor of raising the level of urban-rural integration.
     Ⅲ. Rural new community construction planning lag and urban-rural dual management are the important embodiment of urban-rural gap and the "Achilles heel" of the province's modernization. Constructing the rural community such as key village, characteristic village and eco-village become the important task of raising the level of urban-rural integration.
     Ⅳ. Social security and labor protection of migrant workers and their children's educational problems are still quite prominent. Promoting migrant workers to integrate into urban society become the most arduous task of raising the level of urban-rural integration.
引文
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