磁性纳米粒子为载体的色酮衍生物及配合物的合成和药理活性研究
摘要
恶性肿瘤是威胁人类健康的常见疾病。人类因恶性肿瘤而引发的死亡率在所有疾病死亡率中占据第二,仅次于心血管疾病。目前肿瘤的主要治疗手段仍然为化学治疗。但目前临床使用的化疗试剂仍然有无法克服的毒性高、水溶性差、在血液中循环时间短等缺陷。为了克服这些缺陷,人们一方面在进一步寻找合成新的高效低毒的抗癌药物;另一方面使用药物载体来克服目前使用抗癌药物毒性高、水溶性差、靶向性低等缺陷。为了进一步合成出更好应用前景的抗癌药物和多功能化的药物载体。在本研究中,我们对癌细胞有很好抗癌活性但对正常细胞无毒的天然产物黄酮及其对应的衍生物作为配体合成了其金属配合物。这样使合成的药物分子既具有很好的抗癌活性,又具有很低的毒性。由于目前临床使用的药物载体普遍具有水溶性差、功能化单一、且有些具有毒性等缺陷。在本研究中我们应用多功能化的磁性纳米粒子作为药物载体,使其合成的药物载体既具有靶向运输药物的能力,同时在体内又具有实时监控能力。为此本论文工作包括以下四个部分:
1.对抗癌药物的研究现状及在本工作中作为药物载体的磁性纳米粒子的制备和应用做了概述。
2.用四氧化三铁纳米粒子和哑铃状的金-四氧化三铁纳米粒子合成了两个磁性纳米粒子的药物载体,这两个载体可以通过pH、氯离子浓度和酶来调节相应黄酮药物和顺铂药物的释放。当药物载体载上色酮后,色酮在水中溶解度由2.5μg/mL增加到633μg/mL,从而使其细胞毒活性明显增强。
3.把四氧化三铁纳米粒子引入到临床使用的小分子造影剂(Gd-DTPA)上。这样一方面增强了小分子造影剂的靶向性,另一方面使合成的造影剂纵向驰豫效率增加到44.36 mmol~(-1)·L·s~(-1)。由于四氧化三铁纳米粒子可以实现T_2成像,所以本工作合成的造影剂是一中多功能化的造影剂。在本部分内容中,我们同时用有生物靶向性和良好生物活性的色酮类物质对Gd-DTPA的结构进行了改造,得到了两个配体及两个对应的钆的配合物。驰豫效率的测定表明,这两个配合物明显高于临床使用的Gd-DTPA小分子造影剂。这样得到了既具有检测功能又具有治疗作用的双功能的造影剂。
4.为了寻求高效低毒的抗癌药物,在本部分用具有很好抗癌活性的但低毒性的天然产物色酮为骨架合成了十一个相应的希夫碱配体和四十多个相应的配合物。同时对所合成的化合物与DNA的结合机理及抗癌活性进行了研究,结果表明所合成的化合物与DNA皆为插入作用。体外细胞毒性实验也证明这些化合物在测试浓度范围内对癌细胞均表现出一定的抑制作用。
Malignant tumor is a common disease that threatens the human heath. At present, the mortality rate induced by malignant tumor is at the second places in all disease, followed the cardiovascular disease. The chemistry therapy is still the mostly means in all methods that cure tumour. However, many drugs used in clinic suffer from several drawbacks: high toxicity, low solubility, poor target character and short blood circulation. In order to solve these problems, on the one hand, people are struggling to synthesize the new drugs that have high cure effect to tumour cells and low toxicity to normal cells; on the other hand, drug delivery system are used to decrease the toxicity and enhance the targeted ability of the drugs. In this work, the chromone derivatives that have high anticancer activity and low toxicity to normal cells are used as ligand to synthesize the metal complexes. At the same time, we use the magnetic nanoparticles as drug carrier to delivery the anticancer drug.
This paper is divided into four parts:
1. It was given a brief review of the research progress about anticancer drug. At the same time, the preparation and application of magnetic nanoparticles used as drug carrier were summarized.
2. Using iron oxide and gold-iron oxide nanoparticles, we synthesized two drug carriers. These two drug carriers can control release the chromone and Cisplatin, respectively.
3. Iron oxide nanoparticles were successfully introduced into the framework of Gd(DTPA)~(2-). The advantages of this work exhibit two aspects: (1) enhanced the targeted ability of Gd (DTPA)~(2-), (2) increased the spin-lattice relaxation time of Gd (DTPA)~(2-). Due to iron oxide nanoparticles can realize the T2 imagine, the MRI agent synthesized in this work is a multifunction agent. Another work is synthesis two novel MRI agents that use chromone to modify the Gd (DTPA)~(2-). Because compounds containing chromone framework have good anticancer activity. Using these compounds to modify the Gd (DTPA)~(2-), we can obtain bifunctional MRI agents that bear the survey and cure function.
4. In order to seek the new drugs that have high cure effect to tumour cells and low toxicity to normal cells, eleven chromones Schiff-base ligands and forty corresponding metal complexes have been synthesized and characterized on the basis of elemental analyses, molar conductivities, IR spectra, ~1H NMR spectra and crystal structure. We investigate the interaction mode of these compounds with CT-DNA. The experiment results suggest that these compounds can bind DNA by intercalation mode, but binding affinities of these compounds to DNA are much higher than ligand. Cytotoxic activities experiments in vivo suggest that these compounds exhibit good activities to tumour cells in our measure range.
1.对抗癌药物的研究现状及在本工作中作为药物载体的磁性纳米粒子的制备和应用做了概述。
2.用四氧化三铁纳米粒子和哑铃状的金-四氧化三铁纳米粒子合成了两个磁性纳米粒子的药物载体,这两个载体可以通过pH、氯离子浓度和酶来调节相应黄酮药物和顺铂药物的释放。当药物载体载上色酮后,色酮在水中溶解度由2.5μg/mL增加到633μg/mL,从而使其细胞毒活性明显增强。
3.把四氧化三铁纳米粒子引入到临床使用的小分子造影剂(Gd-DTPA)上。这样一方面增强了小分子造影剂的靶向性,另一方面使合成的造影剂纵向驰豫效率增加到44.36 mmol~(-1)·L·s~(-1)。由于四氧化三铁纳米粒子可以实现T_2成像,所以本工作合成的造影剂是一中多功能化的造影剂。在本部分内容中,我们同时用有生物靶向性和良好生物活性的色酮类物质对Gd-DTPA的结构进行了改造,得到了两个配体及两个对应的钆的配合物。驰豫效率的测定表明,这两个配合物明显高于临床使用的Gd-DTPA小分子造影剂。这样得到了既具有检测功能又具有治疗作用的双功能的造影剂。
4.为了寻求高效低毒的抗癌药物,在本部分用具有很好抗癌活性的但低毒性的天然产物色酮为骨架合成了十一个相应的希夫碱配体和四十多个相应的配合物。同时对所合成的化合物与DNA的结合机理及抗癌活性进行了研究,结果表明所合成的化合物与DNA皆为插入作用。体外细胞毒性实验也证明这些化合物在测试浓度范围内对癌细胞均表现出一定的抑制作用。
Malignant tumor is a common disease that threatens the human heath. At present, the mortality rate induced by malignant tumor is at the second places in all disease, followed the cardiovascular disease. The chemistry therapy is still the mostly means in all methods that cure tumour. However, many drugs used in clinic suffer from several drawbacks: high toxicity, low solubility, poor target character and short blood circulation. In order to solve these problems, on the one hand, people are struggling to synthesize the new drugs that have high cure effect to tumour cells and low toxicity to normal cells; on the other hand, drug delivery system are used to decrease the toxicity and enhance the targeted ability of the drugs. In this work, the chromone derivatives that have high anticancer activity and low toxicity to normal cells are used as ligand to synthesize the metal complexes. At the same time, we use the magnetic nanoparticles as drug carrier to delivery the anticancer drug.
This paper is divided into four parts:
1. It was given a brief review of the research progress about anticancer drug. At the same time, the preparation and application of magnetic nanoparticles used as drug carrier were summarized.
2. Using iron oxide and gold-iron oxide nanoparticles, we synthesized two drug carriers. These two drug carriers can control release the chromone and Cisplatin, respectively.
3. Iron oxide nanoparticles were successfully introduced into the framework of Gd(DTPA)~(2-). The advantages of this work exhibit two aspects: (1) enhanced the targeted ability of Gd (DTPA)~(2-), (2) increased the spin-lattice relaxation time of Gd (DTPA)~(2-). Due to iron oxide nanoparticles can realize the T2 imagine, the MRI agent synthesized in this work is a multifunction agent. Another work is synthesis two novel MRI agents that use chromone to modify the Gd (DTPA)~(2-). Because compounds containing chromone framework have good anticancer activity. Using these compounds to modify the Gd (DTPA)~(2-), we can obtain bifunctional MRI agents that bear the survey and cure function.
4. In order to seek the new drugs that have high cure effect to tumour cells and low toxicity to normal cells, eleven chromones Schiff-base ligands and forty corresponding metal complexes have been synthesized and characterized on the basis of elemental analyses, molar conductivities, IR spectra, ~1H NMR spectra and crystal structure. We investigate the interaction mode of these compounds with CT-DNA. The experiment results suggest that these compounds can bind DNA by intercalation mode, but binding affinities of these compounds to DNA are much higher than ligand. Cytotoxic activities experiments in vivo suggest that these compounds exhibit good activities to tumour cells in our measure range.
引文
[1]Ro senberg B,V an Camp L,Krigas T.N ature[J],1965,205:6982699.
[2]Go lomb G,F ishbein I,Banai S,et al.A thero scle2 ro ssis[J],1996,125(2):1712182.
[3]Ben2Bassat H,V ardiD V,GazitA,et al.Exp.Der2 mato 1[J],1995,4(2):82284.
[4]West B O.J.Chem.Soc.,1962,1374-1378.
[5]Michael G,Drew B,Forida S and Martin Nelson S.J.Chem.Soc.,1983,1653-1659.
[6]Csaszar J,Morvay J,Herczeg O.Acta.Phys.Chem.1985,31(3):711-7222.
[7]祝心德,乐芝凤,吴自慎。高等学校化学学报,1991,12(8):1066-1068.
[8]Chandra S,Sharma K.Syn.React.Inorg.Met-Org.Chem.1982,12(6):647-659.
[9]Dutt N K,Nag K.J.Inorg.Nucl.Chem.1968,30:2493-2499.
[10]Xiucen Y,Harry G.Inorg.Chinm.Acta.1982,59(2):261-268.
[11]Iftikhar K,Arvind M,Ahnad N.Indian.J.Chem.1986,25A:589-591.
[12]Desai S B,Desai P B,Desai K R.Hetercycle Commun,2001,7(1):83-90.
[13]Isse A A,Gennaro A,Vianello.Electrochimical Acta,1997,42(13-14):2065-2071.
[14]Bastos M B R,Moreira J C,Farias P A M.Analytica Chimica Acta,2000,408:83-88.
[15]袁淑军,蔡春,吕春绪。应用化学,2003,20(3):278-280.
[16]唐波,张杰,王栩。分析化学,2002,30(10):1196-1200.
[17]李培凡,刘燕,王智。天津师范大学学报,2003,23(2):10-12.
[18]Maurya R C,Mishra D D.Synth.React.Inorg.Met.Org.Chem.1994,24(3):427-430.
[19]Gaber M..React.Inorg.Met.Org.Chem.1994,24(5):813-816.
[20]王焱钢,杨志斌。化学试剂,1993,15(1):17-18.
[21]李仲辉,秦圣英。应用化学,1998,15(5):43-46.
[22]王积涛。有机化学,1998,18(3):228-232.
[23]Mehmet T,Huseyin K,Selahattin S.Synth.React.Inorg.Met.Org.Chem.1996,26(9):1589-1594.
[24]陈德余,江银枝。应用化学,1997,14(3):5-8.
[25]Juan M,Fernandez G,Hernandez Ortega S.1998,17(15):2425-2432.
[26]Punnlyanurthy T,M adhava Reddy M.Appl.Chem.,1996,68(3):619-622.
[27]韩志坚,周洪。物机化学学报,1992,8(4):421-424.
[28]Costa G,Puxeddu A,Bardin Stefani L.J.Macromol.Sci-chem.1979,A 13,545-571.
[29]Robert D,Summerville A.Chem.Rev.1979,79(2):139-179.
[30]ManishS,PankajP,hansaP,Orient.J.Chem.,2002,18(1):159.
[31]Rajasekaran,A.,Murugesan,S,J,IndianChem.Soc.2002.79(6):544.
[32]王大翔,柏再苏.新农药论丛(Ⅰ)、(Ⅱ)[A].中国化学学会农药专业委员会,第九届全国农药年会论文集[C].武汉:华中师范大学出版社,1998:31-37.
[33]柳翠英,葛蔚颖,钱俊,等.卤代水杨醛N4-取代缩氨基硫脲衍生物的合成和生物活性研究[J].化学试剂,2003,25(3):160-162.
[34]B.D.Wang,Z.Y.Yang,P.Crewdson,D.Q.Wang,Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry 101(2007) 1492-1504.
[35]B.D.Wang,Z.Y.Yang,T.R.Li,Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry 14(2006)6012-6021.
[36]B.D.Wang,Z.Y.Yang,Q.Wang,T.K.Cai,P.Crewdson,Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry 14(2006) 1880-1888.
[37]WANG Wei—dong,HU Mao—lin.[J].Chin.J.Struct.Ghem.,2006,25(5):562-566.
[38]宋之刚,张伏龙.[J].甘肃教育学院学报,2003,17(3):32.36.
[39]张德权,台建祥,付勤[J]1 食品与发酵工业,2003,25(6):522581.
[40]欧阳平,张高勇[J]天然产物研究与开发,2003,15(6):56325661.
[41]年进兴,董俊兴.中国药学杂志2005,40(8):571-573.
[42]许实波,杨东梅.广东药学院学报,2001.17(1):35-5.
[43]J IA G H,J IA SH SH.[J].Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal,1998,9,33(9):513-6.
[44]Onwukaeme N D.Anti[J].J.Ethnopharmacol,1995,5,46(2):121-4.
[45]ZHANG YW.[J].Foreign Medical Science Section on Pharmacy,1996,8(23):218-23.
[46]PLAUMANN B,FR ITSCHEM,R MPLER H,et al.[J].Oncogene,1996,13(8):605-14.
[47]LIU YING,LU LIN.[J].Acta Nutrimenta Sinica,2005,27(3):218-221.
[48]LIN Chen-Zhao,MA Hai-Tian.[J].Acta Physio Sin 2005;57(4):517-522.
[49]ErikssonM,LeijonM,NordenB,GraslundAetal.,Biochemistry,1994,33,5031.
[50 Moghimi SM,Hunter ACH,Murray JC.Pharm Rev 2001;53:283-318.
[51]Curtis ASG,Wilkinson C.Trends Biotech 2001;19:97-101.
[53]Wilkinson JM.Nanotechnology Med Device Technol 2003;14(5):29-31.
[54]Panyam J,Labhasetwar V.Adv Drug Del Rev 2003; 55:329-47.
[55]Siegel RW.In: Siegel RW,Hu E,Roco MC,editors.Nanostructure science and technology.A worldwide study.WTEC,Loyola College in Maryland; 1999.
[56]Uchegbu IF,Florence AT.Drug Saf 1996;14(1):39-67.
[57]Gilchrist RK,Medal R,Shorey WD,Hanselman RC,Parrot JC,Taylor CB.Ann Surg 1957;146:596-606.
[58]Schwertmann U,Cornell RM.Weinheim,Cambridge: VCH;1991.
[59]Cornells K,Hurlburt CS.Manual of Mineralogy.New York: Wiley; 1977.
[60]Kwei GH,von Dreele RB,Williams A,Goldstone JA,Lawson Ⅱ AC,Warburton WK.J Molecul Struct 1990;223:383-406.
[61]Babincova M,et al.Z Naturforsch (Sect C) 2001;56:909-11.
[62]Wang YX,Hussain SM,Krestin GP.Eur Radiol 2001; 11:2319-31.
[63]Bonnemain B.J Drug Target 1998;6:167-74.
[64]Babes L,Denizot B,Tanguy G,Le Jeune JJ,Met P.J Coll Int Sci 1999;212:474-82.
[65]Goya GF,Berquo TS,Fonseca FC.J Appl Phys 2003;94(5):3520-8.
[66]Berry CC,Curtis ASG.J Phys D: Appl Phys 2003; 36:R198-206.
[67]Tartaj P,Morales MP,Veintemillas-Verdaguer S,Gonza' lez-Carren~ o T,Serna CJ.J Phys D: Appl Phys 2003;36:R182-97.
[68]Jordan A,Scholz R,Maier-Hauff K,Johannsen M,Wust P,Nadobny J,Schirra H,Schmidt H,Deger S,Loening S,Lanksch W,Felix R.J Magn Magn Mater 2001;225:118-26.
[69]Cornell RM,Schertmann U.Iron oxides in the laboratory; preparation and characterization.Weinheim: VCH; 1991.
[70]Cotton FA,Wilkinson G.In: Advanced inorganic chemistry.New York: Wiley Interscience; 1988.
[71]Gupta AK,Curtis ASG.Biomaterials 2004; 25(15):3029-40.
[72]Kim DK,Zhang Y,Voit W,Rao KV,Muhammed M.J Magn Magn Mater 2001;225(l-2):30-6.
[73]Boistelle R,Astier JP.J Cryst Growth 1988; 90:14-30.
[74]Verges MA,Mifsud A,Serna CJ.J Chem Soc Faraday Trans 1990; 86:959.
[75]Taylor AP,Barry JC,Webb RI.J Microsc 2001;201(1):84.
[76]Zhou WL,Wang K-Y,O'Connor CJ,Tang J.J Appl Phys 2001;89(11):7398-400.
[77]Kim DK,Zhang Y,Voit W,Rao KV,Kehr J,Bjelke B,Scr Mater 2001;44:1713-7.
[78]Binh VT, Purcell ST, Semet V, Feschet F.Nanotips Appl Surf Sci 1998;130-132:803-14.
[79]Held GA,Grinstein G,Doyle H,Sun S,Murray CB.Phys Rev 2001;B 64:12408.
[80]Collier JH,Messersmith PBEncyclopedia Mater Sci Technol 2001;602-6.
[81]Sinha A,Das SK,Rao V,Ramachandrarao P.Curr Sci 2000;79(5):646-8.
[82]Rosensweig RE.Ferrohydrodynamics.Cambridge: 1985.
[83]Rockenberger,J.; Scher,E.C; Alivisatos,P.A.J.Am.Chem.Soc.1999,121,11595.
[84](a) Bentzon,M.D.; van Wonterghem,J.; Morup,S.; Tho'le'n,A.; Koch,C.J.Philos.Mag.B 1989,60,169.(b) Hyeon,T.; Lee,S.S.; Park,J.; Chung,Y; Na,H.B.J.Am.Chem.Soc.2001,123,12798.(c) Guo,Q.; Teng,X.; Rahman,S.; Yang,H.J.Am.Chem.Soc.2003,125,630.(d) Redl,F.X.; Cho,K.-S.; Murray,C.B.; O'Brien,S.Nature 2003,423,968.
[85]J.Frenkel,J.Dorfman,Nature 1930,126,274.
[86]F.Bloch,Z.Phys.1932,74,295.
[87]W.C.Elmore,Phys.Rev.1938,54,1092-1095.
[88]C.Bean,I.Jacobs,J.Appl.Phys.1956,27,1448-1452.
[89]C.Bean,J.Livingston,J.Appl.Phys.1959,30,120S-129S.
[90]I.Jacobs,C.Bean in Magnetism,Vol.Ⅲ (Eds.: G T.Rado,H.Suhl),Academic Press,New York,1963,pp.271-350.
[91]S.Sun,C.Murray,D.Weller,L.Folks,A.Moser,Science 2000,287,1989-1992.
[92 C.Bean,I.Jacobs,J.Appl.Phys.1956,27,1448-1452.
[93]C.Bean,J.Livingston,J.Appl.Phys.1959,30,120S-129S.
[94]I.Jacobs,C.Bean in Magnetism,Vol.Ⅲ (Eds.: G.T.Rado,H.Suhl),Academic Press,New York,1963,pp.271-350.
[95]D.L.Huber,J.E.Martin,E.L.Venturini,P.P.Provencio,R.J.Patel,J.Magn.Magn.Mater.2004,278,311-316.
[96]G.P.Van der Laan,A.A.C.M.Beenackers,Catal.Rev.Sci.Eng.1999,41,255-318.
[97]M.A.Vannice,J.Catal.1977,50,228-236.
[98]S.G Marchetti,M.V Cagnoli,A.M.Alvarez,J.F.Bengoa,N.G.Gallegos,A.A.Yeramian,R.C.Mercader,Hyperfine Interact.2002,139,33-10.
[99]Q.A.Pankhurst,J.Connolly,S.K.Jones,J.Dobson,J.Phys.D 2003,36,R167-181.
[100]Johnson GA,et al.Mag Reson 1993;Q9:l-30.
[101]Fawell S,Seery J,Daikh Y,Moore C,Chen LL,Pepinsky B,Barsoum J Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1994;91: 664-8.
[102]Nunn AVW,Barnard ML,Bhakoo K,Murray J,Chilvers EJ,Bell JD.FEBS Lett 1996;392: 295-8.
[103]Chouly C,Pouliquen D,Lucet I,Jeune P,Pellet JJ.J Microencapsul 1996;13:245-55.
[104]Chatterjee J,Haik Y,Chen C-J.J Magn Magn Mater 2003;257(1):113-8.
[1](a) Sun,C;Lee,J.S.H;Zhang,M.Adv.Drug.Deliv.Rev.2008,60,1252-65;
(b)Jun,Y.W.;Lee,J.H.;Cheon,J.Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.2008,47,5122-5135;
(c) Xu, C.J.;Sun,S.H.Polymer Int.2007,56,821-826.
[2](a)Arruebo,M;Femandez-Pacheco,R;Ibarra,M.R.Nano Today 2007,2,22-32;
(b) Torchilin,V.P.Pharm.Res.2007,24,2333-2334.
[3]Jain,T.K.;Morales,M.A.;Sahoo,S.K.;Leslie-Pelecky,D.L.;Labhasetwar,V.Mol.Pharm.2005,2,194-205.
[4](a) Kohler,N.;Sun,C.;Fichtenholtz,A.;Gunn,J.;Fang,C.;Zhang,M.Small,2006,2,785-792;
(b)Son,S.J.;Reichel,J.;He,B.;Schuchman,M.;Lee,S.B.J.Am.Chem.Soc.2005,127,7316-7317.
[5](a) Hu,Y.;Xie,J.;Tong,Y.W;Wang,C.H.J.Contr.Release 2007,118,7-17;
(b)Fang,C;Shi,B.;Pei,Y.Y.;Hong,M.H.;Wu,J.;Chen,H.Z.Eur.J.Pharmaceut.Sci.2006,27,27-36.
[6]Harsteen,B.Flavonoids,[J].Chem.Nat.Compd.1983,32(7):1114-1148.
[7]Harold,D.R.;Williom,B.B.;Steven P.S.[J].J.Agric.Food Chem.,1988,36:74-79.
[8]周天达,周雪仙.[J],中国药理杂志,1996,31(8):458-461.
[9]钟正贤,谭浩萍,周桂芬.[J],中国民族医药杂志,1998,7(3):42-45.
[10]刘丽娟,王秀坤,付起凤,等.长[J],中草药,1992,23(9):461-463.
[11]白凤梅,蔡同一.[J].中国农业科学,1999,8:11-13.
[12]Adlercrentz,H.Environ Health Prospect[M],1995,P.103-112.
[13]张荣庆.[J].动物学报,1995,16(1):23-29.
[14]陈晓莉,胡毅.[J].中药药理与临床,1997,13(6):27-29.
[15]Hoult,J.R.S.;Moroney,M.A.;Paya,M.Methods Enzymol.1994,234,443.
[16]Krapcho,A.P.;Kuell,C.S.Synth.Commun.1990,20,2559-2564.
[17]Wang,B.D.;Yang,Z.Y.;Crewdson,P.;Wang,D.Q.J.Inorg.Biochem.2007,101,1492-1504.
[18]J.Xie,K.Chen,H.-Y.Lee,C.Xu,A.R.Hsu,S.Peng,X.Chen,S.Sun J.Am.Chem.Soc.2008,130,7542.
[19](a) Kratz,F.;Beyer,U.;Schutte,M.T.Crit.Rev Ther.Drug Carrier Syst.1999,16,245-288;
(b) Saito,H.;Hoffman,A.S.;Ogawa,H.I.J.Bioact.Compat.Polym.2007,22,589-601.
[1]Ash DC.J Clin Hemat Oncol 1980;10:55-62.
[2].Chu G.J Biol Chem 1994;269:787-790.
[3]Rosenberg B.Chemistry and biochemistry of a leading anticancer drug.New York:Wiley-VCH;1999.p 1-27.
[4]Reedijk J,Fichtinger-Schepmann AMJ,van Oosterom AT,van de Putte P.Structure Bonding 1987;67:53-89.
[5]Sherman SE,Lippard SJ.Chem Rev 1987;87:1153-1181.
[6]Hambley TW.J Chem Soc Dalton Trans 2001:2711-2718.
[8]J.Xie,K.Chen,H.-Y.Lee,C.Xu,A.R.Hsu,S.Peng,X.Chen,S.Sun J.Am.Chem.Soc.2008,130,7542.
[1].P.Caravan,J.J.Ellison,T.J.McMurry,Chem.Rev.[J],1999,99:2293-2352.
[2].R.B.Lauffer,Chem.Rev.[J],1987,87:901-927.
[3].S.J.Franklin,K.N.Raymond,Inorg.Chem.,1996,35:162-173.
[4].M.Botta,D.Parker,J.A.G.Williams,J.Chem.Soc.,Dalton Trans,1995,22:59-71.
[5].O.A.Gansow,M.W.Brechbiel,Magn.Reson.Med.,1986,3:808-812.
[6].C.A.Chang,L.C.Francesconi,M.F.Malley,Inorg.Chem.,1993,32:3501-3532.
[7].J.P.Dubost,J.M.Leger,M.H.Langlois,Compt.Rend.Acad.Sci.Ser.,1991,312:349-355.
[8].X.Y.Wang,T.Z.Jin,V.Comblin,Inorg.Chem.,1992,31:1095-1107.
[9]M.C.Duarte,M.Grzelczak,V.S.Macerira,M.Gersig,L.M.Liz-Marzan,M.Farle,K.Sierazdki,R.Diaz The Journal of Physical Chemistry B 2005,109,19060-19063.
[10]Y.H.Deng,C.H.Deng,D.Yang,C.C.Wang,S.K.Fu.X.M.Zhang Chem.Commun.,2005,5548-5550.
[1]Y.H.Deng,C.H.Deng,D.Yang,C.C.Wang,S.K.Fu.X.M.Zhang Chem.Commun.,2005,5548-5550.
[2]T.Walenzyk,C.Carola,H.Buchholz,B.K(?)nig.Tetrahedron 61(2005)7366-7377.
[1]硕士毕业论文第三第四章.
[2]T.C.Michael,R.Marisol,and J.B.Allen,J.Am.Chem.Soc.1989,111,8901.
[3]M.E.Reichmann,S.A.Rice,C.A.Thomas,and P.Doty,J.Am.Chem.Soc.1954,16,3047.
[4]G.Scatchard,Ann.NY Acad.Sci.1949,51,660.
[5]李志良,陈建华,章开诚,李梦龙,俞汝勤。中国科学,B辑,1991,11,1193.
[6]M.R.Efink and C.A.Ghiron,Anal.Biochem.1981,114,199.
[7]Y.Xiong,X.F.He,X.H.Zou,J.-Z.Wu,X.-M.Chen,L.-N.Ji,R.-H.Li,J.-Y.Zhou,K.-B.Yu,J.Chem.Soc,Dalton Trans.:Inorg.Chem.1(1999)19.
[8]M.Eriksson,M.Leijon,C.Hiort,B.Norden,A.Graeslund,Biochemistry 33(1994)5031.
[9]C.C.Winterbourn,Biochem.J.182(1979)625.
[10]Y.Xiong,X.F.He,X.H.Zou,J.Z.Wu,X.M.Chen,L.N.Ji,R.H.Li,J.Y.Zhou,R.B.Yu,J.Chem.Soc.Dalton Trans 1(1999)19-23.
[11]S.Satyanarayana,J.C.Dabrowiak,J.B.Chaires,Biochemistry 32(1993)2573.
[12]Kelly,J.M.;Murphy,M.J.;McConnell,D.J.;OhUigin,C.Nucleic Acids Res.1985,13,167-184.
[13]Bloomfield,V.A.; Crothers,D.M.; Tinico,I.,Jr.In Physical Chemistry of Nucleic Acids; Harper and Row:New York,1974; p 187.
[14]Wilson,W.D.; Ratmeyer,L.; Zhao,M.; Stekowski,L.; Boykin,D.Biochemistry 1993,32,4098-404.
[15]LePecp,J.B.; Paoletti,C.J.Mol.Biol.1967,27,87-106.
[16]Xiong,Y.; He,X.F.; Zou,X.H.; Wu,J.Z.; Chen,X.M.; Ji,L.N.; Li,R.H.; Zhou,J.Y; Yu,R.B.J.Chem.Soc.Dalton Trans 1999,7,19-23.
[17]L.G.Marzilli,G.Petho,M.Lin,et al.J.Am.Chem.Soc.1992,114,7575
[18]S.Satyanarayana,J.C.Dabrowiak,J.B.Chaires.Biochem.1993,32: 2573.
[19]R.F.Pasternack,E.J.Gibbs.Met.Ions.Biol.Syst.1996,33: 367.
[20]Wang B.D.,Yang ZY,Li T.R,Bioorganic Med Chem 2006,14:6012-6021.
[21]M.R.Eftink,C.A.Ghiron,Anal.Biochem.114 (1981) 199-206.
[22]J.K.Barton; J.J.Dannenberg; A.L.Raphael.J.Am.Chem.Soc.1984,106,2172-2176.
[23]V.A.Bloomfield; D.M.Crothers; I.Tinoco.Physical Chemistry of Nucleic Acids Harper and Row,New York,1974,p.432.
[24]D.L.Boger,B.E.Frink,S.R.Brunette,W.C.Tse,M.P.Hedrick,J.Am.Chem.Soc.123 (2001) 5878.
[25]M.Howe-Grant,K.C.Wu,W.R.Bauer,S.J.Lippard,Biochemistry 15 (1976) 4339.
[26]G.Zhao,H.Lin,S.Zhu,H.Sun,Y.Chen,J.Inorg.Biochem.70 (1998) 219.
[27]Z.M.Wang,S.R.Zhu,H.K.Lin,M.Xu,T.F.Liu,S.Zhu,H.Sun,Y.T.Chen,Acta Chim.Sinica.59 (2001) 701.
[28]B.D.Wang; Z.Y.Yang; T.R.Li.Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry 2006,14,6012-6021
[29]B.D.Wang; Z.Y.Yang; Q.Wang; T.K.Cai; P.Crewdson.Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry 2006,14,1880-1888.
[30]J.Marmur.J.Mol.Biol.1961,3,208.
[31]X.L.Wang; H.Chao; H.Li; X.L.Hong; Y.J.Liu; L.F.Tan; L.N.Ji.J.Inorg.Biochem.2004,98,1143.
[1]B.Y Wu,L.H.Gao,Z.M.Duan,K.Z.Wang,J.Inorg.Biochem.99 (2005) 1685.
[2]K.E.Erkkila,D.T.Odom,J.K.Barton,Chem.Rev.99 (1999) 2777.
[3]C.Metcalfe,J.A.Thomas,Chem.Soc.Rev.32 (2003) 215.
[4]I.Haq,P.Lincoln,D.Suh,B.Norden,B.Z.Choedhry,J.B.Chaires,J.Am.Chem.Soc.117(1995)4788.
[5]S.Arturo,B.Giampaolo,R.Giuseppe,L.G Maria,T.Salvatore,J.Inorg.Biochem.98 (2004) 589.
[6]N.Maribel,C.F.Efre'n,S.AnPal,F.M.Mercedes,S.Pedro,A.Dwight,M.Edgar,J.Biol.Inorg.Chem.8 (2003) 401.
[7]H.Catherine,P.Marguerite,R.G.Michael,S.Ste'phanie Heinz,M.Bernard,J.Biol.Inorg.Chem.6 (2001) 14.
[8]V.S.Li,D.Choi,Z.Wang,L.S.Jimenez,M.S.Tang,H.Kohn,J.Am.Chem.Soc.118(1996)2326.
[9]G.Zuber,J.C.Quada Jr.,S.M.Hecht,J.Am.Chem.Soc.120 (1998) 9368.
[10]Z.Y.Yang,R.D.Yang,Q.Li,F.S.Li,Syn.React.Inorg.Metal-Org.Chem 29(1999) 205.
[11]S.M.Hecht,J.Nat.Prod.63 (2000) 158.
[12]P.U.Maheswari,M.Palaniandavar,J.Inorg.Biochem.98 (2004) 219.
[13]Y.Xiong,X.F.He,X.H.Zou,J.Z.Wu,X.M.Chen,L.N.Ji,R.H.Li,J.Y Zhou,R.B.Yu,J.Chem.Soc,Dalton Trans.1 (1999) 19.
[14]S.Satyanarayana,J.C.Dabrowiak,J.B.Chaires,Biochemistry 32 (1993) 2573.
[1]N V Gorbulenko,V P Khilya.Ukr.Khim.Zh.,1994,60(1),79.1992,8(4):421-424.
[3]CostaqPuxedduA,BardinStefaniL.APProaehesto ifieialmacromoleeular oxygenearriers.J.Maeromol.Sei-ehem.1979,A13,545-571.
[4]RobertD,SununervilleA.SynthetieoxygeneaJ汀iersrelatedtobiologiealsysterms.Chem.Rev.1979,79(2):139-179.
[5]B.D.Wang,Z.Y.Yang,P.Crewdson,D.Q.Wang,Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry 101(2007) 1492-1504.
[6]B.D.Wang,Z.Y.Yang,T.R.Li,Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry 14(2006)6012-6021.
[7]B.D.Wang,Z.Y.Yang,Q.Wang,T.K.Cai,P.Crewdson,Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry 14(2006) 1880-1888.
[8]Reinhardtc G,Krugh T R,Biochemistry 17(1978) 4845-4854.
[1]Thimmaiah K N,Lioyd W D,Chandrappa G T.Inorg.Chim.Acta.,1985,106(2):81.
[2]Basumatary J K,Singh A K,Khandelwai B L.Polyhedron,1988,7(8):635.
[3]Williams D R.Chem.Rev.,1972,72(3):203.
[4]E.Labisbal,K.D.Haslow,A.S.Pedrares,J.V.Marines,S.H.Ortega,D.X.West,Polyhedron 22(2003) 2831.
[5]B.D.Wang;Z.Y.Yang;T.R.Li.Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry 2006,14,6012-6021
[6]B.D.Wang,Z.Y.Yang,P.Crewdson,D.Q.Wang,Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry 101(2007) 1492-1504.
[7]B.D.Wang,Z.Y.Yang,T.R.Li,Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry 14(2006)6012-6021.
[8]M.R.Eftink,C.A.Ghiron,Anal.Biochem.114(1981) 199-206.
[9]S.Satyanarayana,J.C.Dabrowiak,J.B.Chaires,Biochemistry 31(1992)9319-9324.
[2]Go lomb G,F ishbein I,Banai S,et al.A thero scle2 ro ssis[J],1996,125(2):1712182.
[3]Ben2Bassat H,V ardiD V,GazitA,et al.Exp.Der2 mato 1[J],1995,4(2):82284.
[4]West B O.J.Chem.Soc.,1962,1374-1378.
[5]Michael G,Drew B,Forida S and Martin Nelson S.J.Chem.Soc.,1983,1653-1659.
[6]Csaszar J,Morvay J,Herczeg O.Acta.Phys.Chem.1985,31(3):711-7222.
[7]祝心德,乐芝凤,吴自慎。高等学校化学学报,1991,12(8):1066-1068.
[8]Chandra S,Sharma K.Syn.React.Inorg.Met-Org.Chem.1982,12(6):647-659.
[9]Dutt N K,Nag K.J.Inorg.Nucl.Chem.1968,30:2493-2499.
[10]Xiucen Y,Harry G.Inorg.Chinm.Acta.1982,59(2):261-268.
[11]Iftikhar K,Arvind M,Ahnad N.Indian.J.Chem.1986,25A:589-591.
[12]Desai S B,Desai P B,Desai K R.Hetercycle Commun,2001,7(1):83-90.
[13]Isse A A,Gennaro A,Vianello.Electrochimical Acta,1997,42(13-14):2065-2071.
[14]Bastos M B R,Moreira J C,Farias P A M.Analytica Chimica Acta,2000,408:83-88.
[15]袁淑军,蔡春,吕春绪。应用化学,2003,20(3):278-280.
[16]唐波,张杰,王栩。分析化学,2002,30(10):1196-1200.
[17]李培凡,刘燕,王智。天津师范大学学报,2003,23(2):10-12.
[18]Maurya R C,Mishra D D.Synth.React.Inorg.Met.Org.Chem.1994,24(3):427-430.
[19]Gaber M..React.Inorg.Met.Org.Chem.1994,24(5):813-816.
[20]王焱钢,杨志斌。化学试剂,1993,15(1):17-18.
[21]李仲辉,秦圣英。应用化学,1998,15(5):43-46.
[22]王积涛。有机化学,1998,18(3):228-232.
[23]Mehmet T,Huseyin K,Selahattin S.Synth.React.Inorg.Met.Org.Chem.1996,26(9):1589-1594.
[24]陈德余,江银枝。应用化学,1997,14(3):5-8.
[25]Juan M,Fernandez G,Hernandez Ortega S.1998,17(15):2425-2432.
[26]Punnlyanurthy T,M adhava Reddy M.Appl.Chem.,1996,68(3):619-622.
[27]韩志坚,周洪。物机化学学报,1992,8(4):421-424.
[28]Costa G,Puxeddu A,Bardin Stefani L.J.Macromol.Sci-chem.1979,A 13,545-571.
[29]Robert D,Summerville A.Chem.Rev.1979,79(2):139-179.
[30]ManishS,PankajP,hansaP,Orient.J.Chem.,2002,18(1):159.
[31]Rajasekaran,A.,Murugesan,S,J,IndianChem.Soc.2002.79(6):544.
[32]王大翔,柏再苏.新农药论丛(Ⅰ)、(Ⅱ)[A].中国化学学会农药专业委员会,第九届全国农药年会论文集[C].武汉:华中师范大学出版社,1998:31-37.
[33]柳翠英,葛蔚颖,钱俊,等.卤代水杨醛N4-取代缩氨基硫脲衍生物的合成和生物活性研究[J].化学试剂,2003,25(3):160-162.
[34]B.D.Wang,Z.Y.Yang,P.Crewdson,D.Q.Wang,Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry 101(2007) 1492-1504.
[35]B.D.Wang,Z.Y.Yang,T.R.Li,Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry 14(2006)6012-6021.
[36]B.D.Wang,Z.Y.Yang,Q.Wang,T.K.Cai,P.Crewdson,Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry 14(2006) 1880-1888.
[37]WANG Wei—dong,HU Mao—lin.[J].Chin.J.Struct.Ghem.,2006,25(5):562-566.
[38]宋之刚,张伏龙.[J].甘肃教育学院学报,2003,17(3):32.36.
[39]张德权,台建祥,付勤[J]1 食品与发酵工业,2003,25(6):522581.
[40]欧阳平,张高勇[J]天然产物研究与开发,2003,15(6):56325661.
[41]年进兴,董俊兴.中国药学杂志2005,40(8):571-573.
[42]许实波,杨东梅.广东药学院学报,2001.17(1):35-5.
[43]J IA G H,J IA SH SH.[J].Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal,1998,9,33(9):513-6.
[44]Onwukaeme N D.Anti[J].J.Ethnopharmacol,1995,5,46(2):121-4.
[45]ZHANG YW.[J].Foreign Medical Science Section on Pharmacy,1996,8(23):218-23.
[46]PLAUMANN B,FR ITSCHEM,R MPLER H,et al.[J].Oncogene,1996,13(8):605-14.
[47]LIU YING,LU LIN.[J].Acta Nutrimenta Sinica,2005,27(3):218-221.
[48]LIN Chen-Zhao,MA Hai-Tian.[J].Acta Physio Sin 2005;57(4):517-522.
[49]ErikssonM,LeijonM,NordenB,GraslundAetal.,Biochemistry,1994,33,5031.
[50 Moghimi SM,Hunter ACH,Murray JC.Pharm Rev 2001;53:283-318.
[51]Curtis ASG,Wilkinson C.Trends Biotech 2001;19:97-101.
[53]Wilkinson JM.Nanotechnology Med Device Technol 2003;14(5):29-31.
[54]Panyam J,Labhasetwar V.Adv Drug Del Rev 2003; 55:329-47.
[55]Siegel RW.In: Siegel RW,Hu E,Roco MC,editors.Nanostructure science and technology.A worldwide study.WTEC,Loyola College in Maryland; 1999.
[56]Uchegbu IF,Florence AT.Drug Saf 1996;14(1):39-67.
[57]Gilchrist RK,Medal R,Shorey WD,Hanselman RC,Parrot JC,Taylor CB.Ann Surg 1957;146:596-606.
[58]Schwertmann U,Cornell RM.Weinheim,Cambridge: VCH;1991.
[59]Cornells K,Hurlburt CS.Manual of Mineralogy.New York: Wiley; 1977.
[60]Kwei GH,von Dreele RB,Williams A,Goldstone JA,Lawson Ⅱ AC,Warburton WK.J Molecul Struct 1990;223:383-406.
[61]Babincova M,et al.Z Naturforsch (Sect C) 2001;56:909-11.
[62]Wang YX,Hussain SM,Krestin GP.Eur Radiol 2001; 11:2319-31.
[63]Bonnemain B.J Drug Target 1998;6:167-74.
[64]Babes L,Denizot B,Tanguy G,Le Jeune JJ,Met P.J Coll Int Sci 1999;212:474-82.
[65]Goya GF,Berquo TS,Fonseca FC.J Appl Phys 2003;94(5):3520-8.
[66]Berry CC,Curtis ASG.J Phys D: Appl Phys 2003; 36:R198-206.
[67]Tartaj P,Morales MP,Veintemillas-Verdaguer S,Gonza' lez-Carren~ o T,Serna CJ.J Phys D: Appl Phys 2003;36:R182-97.
[68]Jordan A,Scholz R,Maier-Hauff K,Johannsen M,Wust P,Nadobny J,Schirra H,Schmidt H,Deger S,Loening S,Lanksch W,Felix R.J Magn Magn Mater 2001;225:118-26.
[69]Cornell RM,Schertmann U.Iron oxides in the laboratory; preparation and characterization.Weinheim: VCH; 1991.
[70]Cotton FA,Wilkinson G.In: Advanced inorganic chemistry.New York: Wiley Interscience; 1988.
[71]Gupta AK,Curtis ASG.Biomaterials 2004; 25(15):3029-40.
[72]Kim DK,Zhang Y,Voit W,Rao KV,Muhammed M.J Magn Magn Mater 2001;225(l-2):30-6.
[73]Boistelle R,Astier JP.J Cryst Growth 1988; 90:14-30.
[74]Verges MA,Mifsud A,Serna CJ.J Chem Soc Faraday Trans 1990; 86:959.
[75]Taylor AP,Barry JC,Webb RI.J Microsc 2001;201(1):84.
[76]Zhou WL,Wang K-Y,O'Connor CJ,Tang J.J Appl Phys 2001;89(11):7398-400.
[77]Kim DK,Zhang Y,Voit W,Rao KV,Kehr J,Bjelke B,Scr Mater 2001;44:1713-7.
[78]Binh VT, Purcell ST, Semet V, Feschet F.Nanotips Appl Surf Sci 1998;130-132:803-14.
[79]Held GA,Grinstein G,Doyle H,Sun S,Murray CB.Phys Rev 2001;B 64:12408.
[80]Collier JH,Messersmith PBEncyclopedia Mater Sci Technol 2001;602-6.
[81]Sinha A,Das SK,Rao V,Ramachandrarao P.Curr Sci 2000;79(5):646-8.
[82]Rosensweig RE.Ferrohydrodynamics.Cambridge: 1985.
[83]Rockenberger,J.; Scher,E.C; Alivisatos,P.A.J.Am.Chem.Soc.1999,121,11595.
[84](a) Bentzon,M.D.; van Wonterghem,J.; Morup,S.; Tho'le'n,A.; Koch,C.J.Philos.Mag.B 1989,60,169.(b) Hyeon,T.; Lee,S.S.; Park,J.; Chung,Y; Na,H.B.J.Am.Chem.Soc.2001,123,12798.(c) Guo,Q.; Teng,X.; Rahman,S.; Yang,H.J.Am.Chem.Soc.2003,125,630.(d) Redl,F.X.; Cho,K.-S.; Murray,C.B.; O'Brien,S.Nature 2003,423,968.
[85]J.Frenkel,J.Dorfman,Nature 1930,126,274.
[86]F.Bloch,Z.Phys.1932,74,295.
[87]W.C.Elmore,Phys.Rev.1938,54,1092-1095.
[88]C.Bean,I.Jacobs,J.Appl.Phys.1956,27,1448-1452.
[89]C.Bean,J.Livingston,J.Appl.Phys.1959,30,120S-129S.
[90]I.Jacobs,C.Bean in Magnetism,Vol.Ⅲ (Eds.: G T.Rado,H.Suhl),Academic Press,New York,1963,pp.271-350.
[91]S.Sun,C.Murray,D.Weller,L.Folks,A.Moser,Science 2000,287,1989-1992.
[92 C.Bean,I.Jacobs,J.Appl.Phys.1956,27,1448-1452.
[93]C.Bean,J.Livingston,J.Appl.Phys.1959,30,120S-129S.
[94]I.Jacobs,C.Bean in Magnetism,Vol.Ⅲ (Eds.: G.T.Rado,H.Suhl),Academic Press,New York,1963,pp.271-350.
[95]D.L.Huber,J.E.Martin,E.L.Venturini,P.P.Provencio,R.J.Patel,J.Magn.Magn.Mater.2004,278,311-316.
[96]G.P.Van der Laan,A.A.C.M.Beenackers,Catal.Rev.Sci.Eng.1999,41,255-318.
[97]M.A.Vannice,J.Catal.1977,50,228-236.
[98]S.G Marchetti,M.V Cagnoli,A.M.Alvarez,J.F.Bengoa,N.G.Gallegos,A.A.Yeramian,R.C.Mercader,Hyperfine Interact.2002,139,33-10.
[99]Q.A.Pankhurst,J.Connolly,S.K.Jones,J.Dobson,J.Phys.D 2003,36,R167-181.
[100]Johnson GA,et al.Mag Reson 1993;Q9:l-30.
[101]Fawell S,Seery J,Daikh Y,Moore C,Chen LL,Pepinsky B,Barsoum J Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1994;91: 664-8.
[102]Nunn AVW,Barnard ML,Bhakoo K,Murray J,Chilvers EJ,Bell JD.FEBS Lett 1996;392: 295-8.
[103]Chouly C,Pouliquen D,Lucet I,Jeune P,Pellet JJ.J Microencapsul 1996;13:245-55.
[104]Chatterjee J,Haik Y,Chen C-J.J Magn Magn Mater 2003;257(1):113-8.
[1](a) Sun,C;Lee,J.S.H;Zhang,M.Adv.Drug.Deliv.Rev.2008,60,1252-65;
(b)Jun,Y.W.;Lee,J.H.;Cheon,J.Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.2008,47,5122-5135;
(c) Xu, C.J.;Sun,S.H.Polymer Int.2007,56,821-826.
[2](a)Arruebo,M;Femandez-Pacheco,R;Ibarra,M.R.Nano Today 2007,2,22-32;
(b) Torchilin,V.P.Pharm.Res.2007,24,2333-2334.
[3]Jain,T.K.;Morales,M.A.;Sahoo,S.K.;Leslie-Pelecky,D.L.;Labhasetwar,V.Mol.Pharm.2005,2,194-205.
[4](a) Kohler,N.;Sun,C.;Fichtenholtz,A.;Gunn,J.;Fang,C.;Zhang,M.Small,2006,2,785-792;
(b)Son,S.J.;Reichel,J.;He,B.;Schuchman,M.;Lee,S.B.J.Am.Chem.Soc.2005,127,7316-7317.
[5](a) Hu,Y.;Xie,J.;Tong,Y.W;Wang,C.H.J.Contr.Release 2007,118,7-17;
(b)Fang,C;Shi,B.;Pei,Y.Y.;Hong,M.H.;Wu,J.;Chen,H.Z.Eur.J.Pharmaceut.Sci.2006,27,27-36.
[6]Harsteen,B.Flavonoids,[J].Chem.Nat.Compd.1983,32(7):1114-1148.
[7]Harold,D.R.;Williom,B.B.;Steven P.S.[J].J.Agric.Food Chem.,1988,36:74-79.
[8]周天达,周雪仙.[J],中国药理杂志,1996,31(8):458-461.
[9]钟正贤,谭浩萍,周桂芬.[J],中国民族医药杂志,1998,7(3):42-45.
[10]刘丽娟,王秀坤,付起凤,等.长[J],中草药,1992,23(9):461-463.
[11]白凤梅,蔡同一.[J].中国农业科学,1999,8:11-13.
[12]Adlercrentz,H.Environ Health Prospect[M],1995,P.103-112.
[13]张荣庆.[J].动物学报,1995,16(1):23-29.
[14]陈晓莉,胡毅.[J].中药药理与临床,1997,13(6):27-29.
[15]Hoult,J.R.S.;Moroney,M.A.;Paya,M.Methods Enzymol.1994,234,443.
[16]Krapcho,A.P.;Kuell,C.S.Synth.Commun.1990,20,2559-2564.
[17]Wang,B.D.;Yang,Z.Y.;Crewdson,P.;Wang,D.Q.J.Inorg.Biochem.2007,101,1492-1504.
[18]J.Xie,K.Chen,H.-Y.Lee,C.Xu,A.R.Hsu,S.Peng,X.Chen,S.Sun J.Am.Chem.Soc.2008,130,7542.
[19](a) Kratz,F.;Beyer,U.;Schutte,M.T.Crit.Rev Ther.Drug Carrier Syst.1999,16,245-288;
(b) Saito,H.;Hoffman,A.S.;Ogawa,H.I.J.Bioact.Compat.Polym.2007,22,589-601.
[1]Ash DC.J Clin Hemat Oncol 1980;10:55-62.
[2].Chu G.J Biol Chem 1994;269:787-790.
[3]Rosenberg B.Chemistry and biochemistry of a leading anticancer drug.New York:Wiley-VCH;1999.p 1-27.
[4]Reedijk J,Fichtinger-Schepmann AMJ,van Oosterom AT,van de Putte P.Structure Bonding 1987;67:53-89.
[5]Sherman SE,Lippard SJ.Chem Rev 1987;87:1153-1181.
[6]Hambley TW.J Chem Soc Dalton Trans 2001:2711-2718.
[8]J.Xie,K.Chen,H.-Y.Lee,C.Xu,A.R.Hsu,S.Peng,X.Chen,S.Sun J.Am.Chem.Soc.2008,130,7542.
[1].P.Caravan,J.J.Ellison,T.J.McMurry,Chem.Rev.[J],1999,99:2293-2352.
[2].R.B.Lauffer,Chem.Rev.[J],1987,87:901-927.
[3].S.J.Franklin,K.N.Raymond,Inorg.Chem.,1996,35:162-173.
[4].M.Botta,D.Parker,J.A.G.Williams,J.Chem.Soc.,Dalton Trans,1995,22:59-71.
[5].O.A.Gansow,M.W.Brechbiel,Magn.Reson.Med.,1986,3:808-812.
[6].C.A.Chang,L.C.Francesconi,M.F.Malley,Inorg.Chem.,1993,32:3501-3532.
[7].J.P.Dubost,J.M.Leger,M.H.Langlois,Compt.Rend.Acad.Sci.Ser.,1991,312:349-355.
[8].X.Y.Wang,T.Z.Jin,V.Comblin,Inorg.Chem.,1992,31:1095-1107.
[9]M.C.Duarte,M.Grzelczak,V.S.Macerira,M.Gersig,L.M.Liz-Marzan,M.Farle,K.Sierazdki,R.Diaz The Journal of Physical Chemistry B 2005,109,19060-19063.
[10]Y.H.Deng,C.H.Deng,D.Yang,C.C.Wang,S.K.Fu.X.M.Zhang Chem.Commun.,2005,5548-5550.
[1]Y.H.Deng,C.H.Deng,D.Yang,C.C.Wang,S.K.Fu.X.M.Zhang Chem.Commun.,2005,5548-5550.
[2]T.Walenzyk,C.Carola,H.Buchholz,B.K(?)nig.Tetrahedron 61(2005)7366-7377.
[1]硕士毕业论文第三第四章.
[2]T.C.Michael,R.Marisol,and J.B.Allen,J.Am.Chem.Soc.1989,111,8901.
[3]M.E.Reichmann,S.A.Rice,C.A.Thomas,and P.Doty,J.Am.Chem.Soc.1954,16,3047.
[4]G.Scatchard,Ann.NY Acad.Sci.1949,51,660.
[5]李志良,陈建华,章开诚,李梦龙,俞汝勤。中国科学,B辑,1991,11,1193.
[6]M.R.Efink and C.A.Ghiron,Anal.Biochem.1981,114,199.
[7]Y.Xiong,X.F.He,X.H.Zou,J.-Z.Wu,X.-M.Chen,L.-N.Ji,R.-H.Li,J.-Y.Zhou,K.-B.Yu,J.Chem.Soc,Dalton Trans.:Inorg.Chem.1(1999)19.
[8]M.Eriksson,M.Leijon,C.Hiort,B.Norden,A.Graeslund,Biochemistry 33(1994)5031.
[9]C.C.Winterbourn,Biochem.J.182(1979)625.
[10]Y.Xiong,X.F.He,X.H.Zou,J.Z.Wu,X.M.Chen,L.N.Ji,R.H.Li,J.Y.Zhou,R.B.Yu,J.Chem.Soc.Dalton Trans 1(1999)19-23.
[11]S.Satyanarayana,J.C.Dabrowiak,J.B.Chaires,Biochemistry 32(1993)2573.
[12]Kelly,J.M.;Murphy,M.J.;McConnell,D.J.;OhUigin,C.Nucleic Acids Res.1985,13,167-184.
[13]Bloomfield,V.A.; Crothers,D.M.; Tinico,I.,Jr.In Physical Chemistry of Nucleic Acids; Harper and Row:New York,1974; p 187.
[14]Wilson,W.D.; Ratmeyer,L.; Zhao,M.; Stekowski,L.; Boykin,D.Biochemistry 1993,32,4098-404.
[15]LePecp,J.B.; Paoletti,C.J.Mol.Biol.1967,27,87-106.
[16]Xiong,Y.; He,X.F.; Zou,X.H.; Wu,J.Z.; Chen,X.M.; Ji,L.N.; Li,R.H.; Zhou,J.Y; Yu,R.B.J.Chem.Soc.Dalton Trans 1999,7,19-23.
[17]L.G.Marzilli,G.Petho,M.Lin,et al.J.Am.Chem.Soc.1992,114,7575
[18]S.Satyanarayana,J.C.Dabrowiak,J.B.Chaires.Biochem.1993,32: 2573.
[19]R.F.Pasternack,E.J.Gibbs.Met.Ions.Biol.Syst.1996,33: 367.
[20]Wang B.D.,Yang ZY,Li T.R,Bioorganic Med Chem 2006,14:6012-6021.
[21]M.R.Eftink,C.A.Ghiron,Anal.Biochem.114 (1981) 199-206.
[22]J.K.Barton; J.J.Dannenberg; A.L.Raphael.J.Am.Chem.Soc.1984,106,2172-2176.
[23]V.A.Bloomfield; D.M.Crothers; I.Tinoco.Physical Chemistry of Nucleic Acids Harper and Row,New York,1974,p.432.
[24]D.L.Boger,B.E.Frink,S.R.Brunette,W.C.Tse,M.P.Hedrick,J.Am.Chem.Soc.123 (2001) 5878.
[25]M.Howe-Grant,K.C.Wu,W.R.Bauer,S.J.Lippard,Biochemistry 15 (1976) 4339.
[26]G.Zhao,H.Lin,S.Zhu,H.Sun,Y.Chen,J.Inorg.Biochem.70 (1998) 219.
[27]Z.M.Wang,S.R.Zhu,H.K.Lin,M.Xu,T.F.Liu,S.Zhu,H.Sun,Y.T.Chen,Acta Chim.Sinica.59 (2001) 701.
[28]B.D.Wang; Z.Y.Yang; T.R.Li.Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry 2006,14,6012-6021
[29]B.D.Wang; Z.Y.Yang; Q.Wang; T.K.Cai; P.Crewdson.Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry 2006,14,1880-1888.
[30]J.Marmur.J.Mol.Biol.1961,3,208.
[31]X.L.Wang; H.Chao; H.Li; X.L.Hong; Y.J.Liu; L.F.Tan; L.N.Ji.J.Inorg.Biochem.2004,98,1143.
[1]B.Y Wu,L.H.Gao,Z.M.Duan,K.Z.Wang,J.Inorg.Biochem.99 (2005) 1685.
[2]K.E.Erkkila,D.T.Odom,J.K.Barton,Chem.Rev.99 (1999) 2777.
[3]C.Metcalfe,J.A.Thomas,Chem.Soc.Rev.32 (2003) 215.
[4]I.Haq,P.Lincoln,D.Suh,B.Norden,B.Z.Choedhry,J.B.Chaires,J.Am.Chem.Soc.117(1995)4788.
[5]S.Arturo,B.Giampaolo,R.Giuseppe,L.G Maria,T.Salvatore,J.Inorg.Biochem.98 (2004) 589.
[6]N.Maribel,C.F.Efre'n,S.AnPal,F.M.Mercedes,S.Pedro,A.Dwight,M.Edgar,J.Biol.Inorg.Chem.8 (2003) 401.
[7]H.Catherine,P.Marguerite,R.G.Michael,S.Ste'phanie Heinz,M.Bernard,J.Biol.Inorg.Chem.6 (2001) 14.
[8]V.S.Li,D.Choi,Z.Wang,L.S.Jimenez,M.S.Tang,H.Kohn,J.Am.Chem.Soc.118(1996)2326.
[9]G.Zuber,J.C.Quada Jr.,S.M.Hecht,J.Am.Chem.Soc.120 (1998) 9368.
[10]Z.Y.Yang,R.D.Yang,Q.Li,F.S.Li,Syn.React.Inorg.Metal-Org.Chem 29(1999) 205.
[11]S.M.Hecht,J.Nat.Prod.63 (2000) 158.
[12]P.U.Maheswari,M.Palaniandavar,J.Inorg.Biochem.98 (2004) 219.
[13]Y.Xiong,X.F.He,X.H.Zou,J.Z.Wu,X.M.Chen,L.N.Ji,R.H.Li,J.Y Zhou,R.B.Yu,J.Chem.Soc,Dalton Trans.1 (1999) 19.
[14]S.Satyanarayana,J.C.Dabrowiak,J.B.Chaires,Biochemistry 32 (1993) 2573.
[1]N V Gorbulenko,V P Khilya.Ukr.Khim.Zh.,1994,60(1),79.1992,8(4):421-424.
[3]CostaqPuxedduA,BardinStefaniL.APProaehesto ifieialmacromoleeular oxygenearriers.J.Maeromol.Sei-ehem.1979,A13,545-571.
[4]RobertD,SununervilleA.SynthetieoxygeneaJ汀iersrelatedtobiologiealsysterms.Chem.Rev.1979,79(2):139-179.
[5]B.D.Wang,Z.Y.Yang,P.Crewdson,D.Q.Wang,Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry 101(2007) 1492-1504.
[6]B.D.Wang,Z.Y.Yang,T.R.Li,Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry 14(2006)6012-6021.
[7]B.D.Wang,Z.Y.Yang,Q.Wang,T.K.Cai,P.Crewdson,Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry 14(2006) 1880-1888.
[8]Reinhardtc G,Krugh T R,Biochemistry 17(1978) 4845-4854.
[1]Thimmaiah K N,Lioyd W D,Chandrappa G T.Inorg.Chim.Acta.,1985,106(2):81.
[2]Basumatary J K,Singh A K,Khandelwai B L.Polyhedron,1988,7(8):635.
[3]Williams D R.Chem.Rev.,1972,72(3):203.
[4]E.Labisbal,K.D.Haslow,A.S.Pedrares,J.V.Marines,S.H.Ortega,D.X.West,Polyhedron 22(2003) 2831.
[5]B.D.Wang;Z.Y.Yang;T.R.Li.Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry 2006,14,6012-6021
[6]B.D.Wang,Z.Y.Yang,P.Crewdson,D.Q.Wang,Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry 101(2007) 1492-1504.
[7]B.D.Wang,Z.Y.Yang,T.R.Li,Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry 14(2006)6012-6021.
[8]M.R.Eftink,C.A.Ghiron,Anal.Biochem.114(1981) 199-206.
[9]S.Satyanarayana,J.C.Dabrowiak,J.B.Chaires,Biochemistry 31(1992)9319-9324.