内燃机车蓄电池组充电系统的设计
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摘要
目前为内燃机车蓄电池组充电的辅助发电机供电质量不能较好地满足蓄电池的充电曲线。鉴于充电过程对蓄电池寿命影响的重要性,本文设计了专门为蓄电池组充电用的内燃机车充电系统。在对蓄电池快速充电原理和目前各种充电方法研究的基础上,提出了较为接近蓄电池的最佳充电曲线的两阶段充电模式。在充电前期采用恒流充电方法,限制了为蓄电池充电的最大电流,在充电后期采用定电压补足充电法。
主电路结构采用了由IPM模块组成的带隔离变压器的全桥式变换电路。控制部分包括数据采集模块、作为通讯中枢的主控模块、脉冲控制模块、上位机显示及键盘输入。采用电压、电流双闭环结构实现了对蓄电池的二阶段充电。使用凌阳公司的SPMC75F2413A单片机实现PWM脉冲的产生、数字PI调节器的实现。为了增加系统的可靠性,增加了脉宽调制芯片SG1525和模拟PI调节器作为备用控制方案。
该系统经过一系列的实验和实际的上车安装调试其结果表明:使用充电系统后,蓄电池组在充电过程中壳体温度明显降低,最大充电电流得到了有效限制;同时系统工作可靠,辅助供电情况一切正常,充电速度和效率较已有的方法有所增长,达到了设计的初衷。方案已经通过了现场试运行。
This paper described the design of a high-capacity intelligent charging system for rechargeable batteries.
Based on the analysis of the charging theory and the investigation of many charging methods, a two-stage charging strategy was brought forward. At the former stage of charging, the charging method was used which the constant-current is charging method. And at the later stage, the constant-voltage method was adopted.
The main circuit of the device has been designed by the aid of the extended structure of Double-Ended Full-Bridge Converter with IPM module.
The control system was designed which composed of Data Acquisition Module, Central control Module which Responsible for Communications, PWM Sign Module and Man-machine interface of PC. The thesis adopts the double closed-loops control system with current and voltage, and realizes the two-phase charging of the battery successfully. SPMC75F2413A was used to produce controllable PWM signal with dead time. In order to increase the reliability of the system, the pulse width modulation chip, SG1525, and a analog PI regulator also can be used as a standby program.
A series of experiments and the actual installation debugging on the train have demonstrated that this system enjoys charging of efficiency and reliability, adaptability to complicated situation. In the charge process, the rechargeable batteries shell temperature decreased significantly. The biggest charge current has been effectively limited. It can satisfy the original intention of designing.
主电路结构采用了由IPM模块组成的带隔离变压器的全桥式变换电路。控制部分包括数据采集模块、作为通讯中枢的主控模块、脉冲控制模块、上位机显示及键盘输入。采用电压、电流双闭环结构实现了对蓄电池的二阶段充电。使用凌阳公司的SPMC75F2413A单片机实现PWM脉冲的产生、数字PI调节器的实现。为了增加系统的可靠性,增加了脉宽调制芯片SG1525和模拟PI调节器作为备用控制方案。
该系统经过一系列的实验和实际的上车安装调试其结果表明:使用充电系统后,蓄电池组在充电过程中壳体温度明显降低,最大充电电流得到了有效限制;同时系统工作可靠,辅助供电情况一切正常,充电速度和效率较已有的方法有所增长,达到了设计的初衷。方案已经通过了现场试运行。
This paper described the design of a high-capacity intelligent charging system for rechargeable batteries.
Based on the analysis of the charging theory and the investigation of many charging methods, a two-stage charging strategy was brought forward. At the former stage of charging, the charging method was used which the constant-current is charging method. And at the later stage, the constant-voltage method was adopted.
The main circuit of the device has been designed by the aid of the extended structure of Double-Ended Full-Bridge Converter with IPM module.
The control system was designed which composed of Data Acquisition Module, Central control Module which Responsible for Communications, PWM Sign Module and Man-machine interface of PC. The thesis adopts the double closed-loops control system with current and voltage, and realizes the two-phase charging of the battery successfully. SPMC75F2413A was used to produce controllable PWM signal with dead time. In order to increase the reliability of the system, the pulse width modulation chip, SG1525, and a analog PI regulator also can be used as a standby program.
A series of experiments and the actual installation debugging on the train have demonstrated that this system enjoys charging of efficiency and reliability, adaptability to complicated situation. In the charge process, the rechargeable batteries shell temperature decreased significantly. The biggest charge current has been effectively limited. It can satisfy the original intention of designing.
引文
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[6]王兆安,黄俊.电力电子技术.西安.西安交通大学.2000.5
[7]周志敏.周纪海等.阀控式密封铅酸蓄电池实用技术.北京.中国电力出版社.2004.10
[8]王磊,张全柱.LEM传感器在内燃机车蓄电池智能充电器中的的应用.陕西.电子元器件应用.2007.9
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[13]李正浩,姜宝钧.51单片机在LED数码管显示中的应用.成都.电子科技大学 2006.9
[14]赵战民.数码管显示方法的比较.河北石家庄.科技信息.2007.3
[15]林毅.基于AT89C51单片机构成的键盘显示电路.陕西西安.现代电子技术.2006.3
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[17]叶斌.李建国.电力电子应用技术.北京.清华大学出版社.2006.5
[18]李军等.51系列单片机高级实例开发指南.北京.北京航空航天大学出版社.2004.6
[19]周志敏,周纪海等.充电器电路设计与应用.北京.人民邮电出版社.2005.10
[20]葛中华.高压大功率逆变直流充电电源研究[硕士学位论文].西安.西北工业大学.2004.8
[21]周时欢.铅酸蓄电池快速充电技术的研究[硕士学位论文].安徽.安徽工业大学.2002.6
[22]高田.数字化智能充电系统的设计与实现[硕士学位论文].西安.西北工业大学 2005.3
[23]杨军.新型飞机机载蓄电池智能充电器研究[硕士学位论文].西安.西北工业大学.2005.3
[24]冯义.一种智能充电系统的初步研究[硕士学位论文].北京.中国农业大学.2000.3
[25]陈雷,李来水.锂离子蓄电池充电的数字比例积分调节算法.电源技术.2002.4
[26]潘琢金.C8051F31X微控制器数据手册.新华龙电子有限公司.2004.11
[27]ISPMC75F2413A数据手册.台湾.凌阳科技股份有限公司.2006
[28]徐维广,邹江峰.智能功率模块IGBT-IPM在逆变器中的应用.电气应用.2005.4
[29]梁伟洋,张先永.用IPM设计航空逆变电源的驱动电路.科技资讯.2006.12
[30]杨碧石.IPM智能功率模块的驱动控制电路.电工技术杂志.2004.1
[2]邬宽明.CAN总线原理和应用系统设计.北京.北京航空航天大学出版社.1996.
[3]绕运涛,邹继军等.现场总线CAN原理与应用技术.北京.北京航空航天大学出版社.2003.
[4]向德军.用于铅酸蓄电池的大容量智能充电系统的研究[硕士学位论文].武汉.武汉大学.2004.4
[5]王晓明,王玲.电动机的DSP控制.北京.北京航空航天大学出版社
[6]王兆安,黄俊.电力电子技术.西安.西安交通大学.2000.5
[7]周志敏.周纪海等.阀控式密封铅酸蓄电池实用技术.北京.中国电力出版社.2004.10
[8]王磊,张全柱.LEM传感器在内燃机车蓄电池智能充电器中的的应用.陕西.电子元器件应用.2007.9
[9]康华光,陈大钦.电子技术基础.北京.高等教育出版社.2000
[10]冷雄春,刘百芬等.基于SG1525的新型高压开关电源的研制.江西南昌.华东交通大学.2006.5
[11]马学军,万灵等.数字PI控制器的原理仿真与数字实现.湖北武汉.黄石理工学院学报.2005.12
[12]冯宇丽,戴珂等.基于SG1525控制的双管正激变换器.湖北武汉.电源技术应用.2007.1
[13]李正浩,姜宝钧.51单片机在LED数码管显示中的应用.成都.电子科技大学 2006.9
[14]赵战民.数码管显示方法的比较.河北石家庄.科技信息.2007.3
[15]林毅.基于AT89C51单片机构成的键盘显示电路.陕西西安.现代电子技术.2006.3
[16]杨龙,李建国.单片机系统键盘的设计小结.辽宁沈阳.大众科技.2006.7
[17]叶斌.李建国.电力电子应用技术.北京.清华大学出版社.2006.5
[18]李军等.51系列单片机高级实例开发指南.北京.北京航空航天大学出版社.2004.6
[19]周志敏,周纪海等.充电器电路设计与应用.北京.人民邮电出版社.2005.10
[20]葛中华.高压大功率逆变直流充电电源研究[硕士学位论文].西安.西北工业大学.2004.8
[21]周时欢.铅酸蓄电池快速充电技术的研究[硕士学位论文].安徽.安徽工业大学.2002.6
[22]高田.数字化智能充电系统的设计与实现[硕士学位论文].西安.西北工业大学 2005.3
[23]杨军.新型飞机机载蓄电池智能充电器研究[硕士学位论文].西安.西北工业大学.2005.3
[24]冯义.一种智能充电系统的初步研究[硕士学位论文].北京.中国农业大学.2000.3
[25]陈雷,李来水.锂离子蓄电池充电的数字比例积分调节算法.电源技术.2002.4
[26]潘琢金.C8051F31X微控制器数据手册.新华龙电子有限公司.2004.11
[27]ISPMC75F2413A数据手册.台湾.凌阳科技股份有限公司.2006
[28]徐维广,邹江峰.智能功率模块IGBT-IPM在逆变器中的应用.电气应用.2005.4
[29]梁伟洋,张先永.用IPM设计航空逆变电源的驱动电路.科技资讯.2006.12
[30]杨碧石.IPM智能功率模块的驱动控制电路.电工技术杂志.2004.1