基于Buck电路的电动汽车智能充电系统的研究
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摘要
本文主要介绍了一种电动汽车动力锂离子蓄电池智能充电系统的设计过程,包括对蓄电池充电方法的研究和充电系统的设计。在通过对蓄电池充电原理和充电方法研究的基础上,提出采用恒流,恒压多段充电的充电方法。这种充电方法可以始终地使充电电流在总体上逼近蓄电池的可接受充电电流曲线,可大大缩短充电时间,提高充电效率。
在本充电系统的设计过程当中,采用了高频开关电源技术,主回路由三相整流电路、Buck变换电路和能量回馈转换电路组成。控制回路由C8051F020单片机最小系统、电流、电压检测电路、温度检测电路、键盘和显示电路组成。功率开关管选用斩波器专用IGBT,驱动芯片选用富士VLA517(EXB841),控制芯片选用TL494。通过采集蓄电池的端电压、充电电流等参数,送入C8051F020单片机进行分析和处理,得到相应的控制信号,控制主回路IGBT的通断,从而实现蓄电池的智能充电。
样机实验结果表明,基于C8051F020单片机控制的智能充电系统,输出纹波小、工作安全可靠、成本低、体积小、效率高、单机功率大。且其具有良好的充电特性可有效提高蓄电池的循环使用寿命,可满足电动汽车动力蓄电池的充电要求,具有良好的应用前景。
The paper described the design of an intelligent charing system for electric dynamic lithium-ion battery charging.including the research on charging methods and the design of the charging system. Based on the analysis of the charging theory brough and the investigation of many charging methods,on the basis of the study ,adopting the constant-current constant-voltage charging method.this method can make the charging current approached totally receivable charging of the batteries,the time of chaarging was reduced and charging efficiency.
High-Frequency Switching power was used in the desiging, and this system was designed which was composed of a three-phase rectifying cell, BUCK cell and an energy recovery cell.And the charing control system was based on C8051F020 single-chip microcomputer minium system, current decting circuit,voltage decting circuit,temperature decting circuit, keyboard and display circuit. IGBT was selected as the switch that driven by VLA517 ( EXB841) module, the control IC was TL494. By collecting parameters terminal voltage and charging current, then sent them to C8051F020 single-chip microcomputer, the on-off IGBT was controlled, and the intelligent charging will be realized by this way.
The prototype test shows that, the intelligent charging based on C8051F020 single-chip microprocessor, its ripple is small, work safety and reliable, low cost, small volume, high efficiency. And it have the good charging characteristics can effectively improve circulation service life of battery electric vehicle, can satisfy the requirement of motive battery. This charging system has a good application prospect.
在本充电系统的设计过程当中,采用了高频开关电源技术,主回路由三相整流电路、Buck变换电路和能量回馈转换电路组成。控制回路由C8051F020单片机最小系统、电流、电压检测电路、温度检测电路、键盘和显示电路组成。功率开关管选用斩波器专用IGBT,驱动芯片选用富士VLA517(EXB841),控制芯片选用TL494。通过采集蓄电池的端电压、充电电流等参数,送入C8051F020单片机进行分析和处理,得到相应的控制信号,控制主回路IGBT的通断,从而实现蓄电池的智能充电。
样机实验结果表明,基于C8051F020单片机控制的智能充电系统,输出纹波小、工作安全可靠、成本低、体积小、效率高、单机功率大。且其具有良好的充电特性可有效提高蓄电池的循环使用寿命,可满足电动汽车动力蓄电池的充电要求,具有良好的应用前景。
The paper described the design of an intelligent charing system for electric dynamic lithium-ion battery charging.including the research on charging methods and the design of the charging system. Based on the analysis of the charging theory brough and the investigation of many charging methods,on the basis of the study ,adopting the constant-current constant-voltage charging method.this method can make the charging current approached totally receivable charging of the batteries,the time of chaarging was reduced and charging efficiency.
High-Frequency Switching power was used in the desiging, and this system was designed which was composed of a three-phase rectifying cell, BUCK cell and an energy recovery cell.And the charing control system was based on C8051F020 single-chip microcomputer minium system, current decting circuit,voltage decting circuit,temperature decting circuit, keyboard and display circuit. IGBT was selected as the switch that driven by VLA517 ( EXB841) module, the control IC was TL494. By collecting parameters terminal voltage and charging current, then sent them to C8051F020 single-chip microcomputer, the on-off IGBT was controlled, and the intelligent charging will be realized by this way.
The prototype test shows that, the intelligent charging based on C8051F020 single-chip microprocessor, its ripple is small, work safety and reliable, low cost, small volume, high efficiency. And it have the good charging characteristics can effectively improve circulation service life of battery electric vehicle, can satisfy the requirement of motive battery. This charging system has a good application prospect.
引文
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[3]王海明,郑绳楦,刘兴顺.锂离子电池的特点及应用.电气时代, 2004, (3): 132-134.
[4]张庆,李革臣.锂离子电池充放电特性的研究[J].自动化技术与应用, 2008, 27(12): 107～109.
[5]蔚兰,岳燕等.电动汽车蓄电池充放电装置控制系统设计[J].电力电子技术, 2009, 43(9): 69-71.
[6]刘忠波.电机车铅酸蓄电池智能充电系统的设计[D]. [硕士论文].东北林业大学学位论文, 2008.
[7]黎林.纯电动汽车用锂电池管理系统的研究[D]. [硕士论文].北京交通大学, 2009.
[8]徐艳民.电动汽车蓄电池性能试验台的设计与实现[D]. [硕士论文].长安大学, 2007.
[9] Stephen W. Moore, Peter J. Schneider. A Review of Cell Equalization Methods for Lithium- Ion and Lithium Polymer Battery Systems[J]. Delphi Automotive Systems, 2001-01-0959.
[10]李洪,戴永军,李向峰.基于单片机控制的锂电池充电和保护系统[J].电源技术, 2009, 9, 57～58.
[11]王震坡,孙逢春.锂离子动力电池特性研究[J].北京理工大学学报, 2004, 24(12): 1053-1057.
[12]黄小军,黄济青.通信高频开关电源[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 2007.
[13]张卫平.开关变换器的建模与控制[M].北京:中国电力出版社, 2006.
[14]史雪明.内燃机车蓄电池组充电系统的设计[D]. [硕士论文].北京交通大学, 2008.
[15]姚爱娣.基于DSP的电池充电系统研究[D]. [硕士论文].武汉理工大学, 2006.
[16]周庆生.阀控式密封铅酸蓄电池充电芯片的研究与设计[D]. [硕士论文],浙江大学, 2006.
[17]熊珂.分布式控制充电电源系统的设计和研究[D]. [硕士论文].湖北工业大学, 2007.
[18]胡恒生,王慧等.蓄电池充电方法的分析与探讨[J]. [硕士论文].电源技术应用, 2009, Vol. 12(8): 6-9.
[19]刘国栋.电动汽车电池智能充电系统研究[D]. [硕士论文].武汉科技大学, 2008.
[20]朱小同,赵桂先.蓄电池快速充电的原理与实践[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社, 1996.
[21]张家友.串联蓄电池组充电均衡系统的研究[D]. [硕士论文].合肥工业大学, 2006.
[22]周时欢.铅酸蓄电池快速充电技术的研究[D]. [硕士论文].安徽理工大学, 2002.
[23]刘玉杰,姜印平,孟祥适.关于快速脉冲充电技术的研究[J].蓄电池, 2003, 2: 71-73, 76.
[24]王源.电动汽车用动力铅酸蓄电池快速充电技术研究[D]. [硕士论文].哈尔滨工业大学, 2006.
[25]王磊.牵引用铅酸电池快速充电系统[D]. [硕士论文].安徽理工大学, 2008.
[26] Dickinson B, Gill J. Issues and Benefits with Fast Charging Industrial Batteries[C]. 15th Battery Conterence on Applications and Advances, 2002: 223-229.
[27] MAXIM. Switch-Mode Linear and Pulse Charging Techniques for Li Battery in MobilePhones and PDAs application note, 2001: 913.
[28] Isaacson, MJ. Hollandsworth, RP. Giampaoli, PJ; Linkowsky FA; Salim, A; Teofilo, VL; Advanced lithium-ion battery charger battery Conference on Applications and Advances[C]. The Fifteenth Annual, 2000, 11(14): 193-198.
[29] M.M.Morcos, N. G. Dillman, C. R. Mersman. Battery chargers for electric vehicles. Power Engineering Review[J]. 2000. 20(11): 8-11, 18.
[30]张占松,蔡宣三.开关电源的原理与设计[M].北京:电子工业出版社, 2004, 10.
[31] Sanjaya Maniktala. Switching Rower Supply Design & Optimization[M].北京:电子工业出版社, 2006, 12.
[32] Sanjaya Maniktala著,王志强等译. Switching Power Supplies A to Z精通开关电源设计[M].北京:人民邮电出版社, 2008, 10.
[33]脱立芳.降压型PWMDC-DC开关电源技术研究[D]. [硕士论文].西安电子科技大学, 2008.
[34]刘贤兴,李众等著.新型智能开关电源技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 2003, 8.
[35]强生泽,杨贵恒等著.现代通信电源系统原理与设计[M].北京:中国电力出版社, 2009.
[36]邓孝祥,闫大新.基于Buck变换的一种特殊应用型开关电源[J].工矿自动化, 2004, (05): 19-21.
[37]刘松. Buck变换器轻载时三种工作模式原理与应用[J].电力电子技术, 2007, Vol. 41(11): 75-76, 91.
[38]欧阳长莲,严仰光.同步整流Buck变换器断续工作模式建模分析[J].电工技术学报, 2002, Vol. 17(6): 53-58.
[39]薛雅丽,李斌等. Buck三电平变换器[J].电工技术学报, 2003, Vol. 18(3): 29-35.
[40] Zhou X, Zhang X, Liu J, et al. Investigation of candidate VRM topologies for future microprocessors [C]. proc. IEEE APEC Conference Record. 1998: 145-150.
[41]刘树林,刘健. Buck DC/DC变换器的输出纹波电压分析及应用[J].电工技术学报, 2007, Vol. 22(2): 91-97.
[42]夏雪. Buck DC/DC转换器研究与设计[D]. [硕士论文].西安电子科技大学, 2009.
[43] Hiroki Hyakutake, Koosuke Harada. Analysis of output voltage ripple caused by ESR of a smoothing capacitor for a low-voltage high-current buck converter [J].Electrical Engineering in Japan, 2003, 143(2):59-66.
[44]答飞飞.一种降压型DC-DC转换器的研究与设计[D]. [硕士论文].西安电子科技大学, 2009.
[45] Marty Brown著.徐德鸿,沈旭,杨成林,周邓燕译.开关电源设计指南(原书第二版).机械工业出版社,2004.
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