鲁甸县地质灾害特征、成因及防治区划研究
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摘要
本论文依托“鲁甸县地质灾害调查及防治区划”项目采用野外地质调查、室内数据处理、GIS模型计算等方法,系统阐述了鲁甸县地质灾害的发育分布特征以及分析研究了各类地质灾害的形成条件和机理,在此基础上,遴选控制地质灾害发育的主要指标,并利用基于MAPGIS的综合信息模型进行了地质灾害危险性区划;针对鲁甸县城镇分布和重要工程建设特点及可持续发展规划,对鲁甸县地质灾害进行易发性分区和防治区划。本文取得以下主要结果:
(1)鲁甸县地质灾害的主要类型包括滑坡(崩塌)、泥石流、不稳定斜坡、地裂缝,滑坡是其中数量最多、危害最大的一种,各个类型的灾害有一定的分布和发育特点。
(2)鲁甸县境内滑坡灾害以中小型为主;滑坡破坏模式以复合式为主;滑坡的物质类型以土质滑坡为主;滑坡厚度以浅层为主中层次之;滑坡受地形影响大,大多数滑坡产生于陡坡之上。泥石流以沟谷型为主,次为山坡型。不稳定斜坡分布广泛,全县共有58个。
(3)在影响鲁甸县灾害发育的相关因素中,构造强烈程度、岩组性质、岸坡坡度、降雨及人类工程活动是控制灾害发生的主要因素。结合其它类型地质灾害的发育特点,将鲁甸县地质灾害易发性划分为极高易发性区、高易发性区、中等易发区3个级别。
(4)根据“以人为本”的原则,在地质灾害危险性区划的基础上,以点位重要性为依据,结合地质灾害的发育特征、危害程度,进行鲁甸县地质灾害防治区划,将鲁甸县划分为重点防治区、次重点防治区和一般防治区三个防治等级。
The thesis relies on the project—"geology hazard investigation and preventing and curing project of Ludian" .In this paper, it systematically discusses the characteristics of development and distribution, and the forming conditions and mechanisms of the geological hazards in Ludian County with methods such as geological field investigation, data processing and GIS model calculating. On this basis, the major indexes affecting the forming of the geological hazards are selected, and zoning of the occurrence probability of the geological hazards is made by the comprehensive information model in MAPGIS. According to the distribution characteristics of towns, important engineering constructions, and local sustainable development plans, constructing a model for zoning of geological hazards. The main conclusions of this research are drawn as following:
(1)The main types of geological hazards in Ludian County include landslide, mud-rock flow, unstable slope and ground fissure, of which landslide is the most serious one.Each hazard has its characters and spatial laws.
(2)The scale of landslips relies mainly on the fact that medium-sizednd small-scale in the district; Landslip destroy the mode and rely mainly on compounding type; Landslip bed material is mainly soil; It's thickness layer not shallow for being getting more middle-level mainly;They strongly effected by topographical geological condition,most landslips lay on the escarpment; The form type of debris flow is mainly valley type,secondly is slope type;the unstable slope distribute abroadly in the county,the total number is 58.
(3)The results of information value calculation show that, among the factors affecting the forming of landslides, the following attributes are gained: intense degree of conformation, soft-rock such as argillaceous rock mass, slope angle, raining and human engineering activities, which are dominant. Combined with the development characteristics of other geological hazards, the occurrence possibility of them can be divided into four grades: the most high probability, high probability, medium probability.
(4) According to the people-oriented principle, based on zoning of the geological hazard risks, combined with the development characteristics of the geological hazard and the danger degree, it zones Ludian County in some aspects of geological hazard prevention and control, and it divides the Ludian County into three-grade areas including the key preventing areas, the secondary preventing areas and the general preventing areas.
(1)鲁甸县地质灾害的主要类型包括滑坡(崩塌)、泥石流、不稳定斜坡、地裂缝,滑坡是其中数量最多、危害最大的一种,各个类型的灾害有一定的分布和发育特点。
(2)鲁甸县境内滑坡灾害以中小型为主;滑坡破坏模式以复合式为主;滑坡的物质类型以土质滑坡为主;滑坡厚度以浅层为主中层次之;滑坡受地形影响大,大多数滑坡产生于陡坡之上。泥石流以沟谷型为主,次为山坡型。不稳定斜坡分布广泛,全县共有58个。
(3)在影响鲁甸县灾害发育的相关因素中,构造强烈程度、岩组性质、岸坡坡度、降雨及人类工程活动是控制灾害发生的主要因素。结合其它类型地质灾害的发育特点,将鲁甸县地质灾害易发性划分为极高易发性区、高易发性区、中等易发区3个级别。
(4)根据“以人为本”的原则,在地质灾害危险性区划的基础上,以点位重要性为依据,结合地质灾害的发育特征、危害程度,进行鲁甸县地质灾害防治区划,将鲁甸县划分为重点防治区、次重点防治区和一般防治区三个防治等级。
The thesis relies on the project—"geology hazard investigation and preventing and curing project of Ludian" .In this paper, it systematically discusses the characteristics of development and distribution, and the forming conditions and mechanisms of the geological hazards in Ludian County with methods such as geological field investigation, data processing and GIS model calculating. On this basis, the major indexes affecting the forming of the geological hazards are selected, and zoning of the occurrence probability of the geological hazards is made by the comprehensive information model in MAPGIS. According to the distribution characteristics of towns, important engineering constructions, and local sustainable development plans, constructing a model for zoning of geological hazards. The main conclusions of this research are drawn as following:
(1)The main types of geological hazards in Ludian County include landslide, mud-rock flow, unstable slope and ground fissure, of which landslide is the most serious one.Each hazard has its characters and spatial laws.
(2)The scale of landslips relies mainly on the fact that medium-sizednd small-scale in the district; Landslip destroy the mode and rely mainly on compounding type; Landslip bed material is mainly soil; It's thickness layer not shallow for being getting more middle-level mainly;They strongly effected by topographical geological condition,most landslips lay on the escarpment; The form type of debris flow is mainly valley type,secondly is slope type;the unstable slope distribute abroadly in the county,the total number is 58.
(3)The results of information value calculation show that, among the factors affecting the forming of landslides, the following attributes are gained: intense degree of conformation, soft-rock such as argillaceous rock mass, slope angle, raining and human engineering activities, which are dominant. Combined with the development characteristics of other geological hazards, the occurrence possibility of them can be divided into four grades: the most high probability, high probability, medium probability.
(4) According to the people-oriented principle, based on zoning of the geological hazard risks, combined with the development characteristics of the geological hazard and the danger degree, it zones Ludian County in some aspects of geological hazard prevention and control, and it divides the Ludian County into three-grade areas including the key preventing areas, the secondary preventing areas and the general preventing areas.
引文
[1]罗元华,张梁,张业成.质灾害风险评估方法[M].北京:地质出版社,1998.3
[2]殷坤龙,张桂荣.质灾害风险区划与综合防治对策[J].安全与环境工程.2003.3Vol.10 No.1.
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[4]向喜琼,黄润秋.基于GIS的人工神经网络模型在地质灾害危险性区划中的应用[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报、2000.9 Vol.11 No.3:23-27.
[5]贺敬.云南省泸水县地质灾害防治区划研究:硕士学位论文.昆明:昆明理工大学。2005
[6]沈芳.山区地质环境评价与地质灾害危险性区划的GIS系统:博士学位论文.成都:成都理工大学.2000
[7]张梁,张建军.地质灾害风险区划理论与方法[J].地质灾害与环境保护.2000.12Vol.11 No.4:323-328
[8]中国地理志编辑部.中国自然区划草案[M].北京:科学出版社,1956
[9]沈勇.关于山西地质灾害调查与区划的思考[J].科技情报开发与经济.2003年第13卷第12期
[10]鲁甸县统计局.鲁甸县经济社会主要统计资料
[11]李忠生.地震作用下的滑坡稳定性分析[D].长安大学地质系.2001.10
[12]刘卫亚,谢守益.极值降雨与新滩滑坡复活[J].面向21世纪的岩石力学与工程.1977
[13]潘愁,李铁峰.灾害地质学[M].北京大学出版社.2002年4月
[14]徐邦栋.滑坡分析与防治[M].中国铁道出版社.2001
[15]吴锦奎.甘肃省礼县地质灾害发育特征及危险性评价[D].兰州大学地质系.2002.5
[16]刘希林,王小丹.云南省泥石流风险区划.水土保持学报,2000.14(3):104-107
[17]张梁,张业诚,罗元华等.地质灾害灾情评估理论与实践[ml.北京:地质出版社,1998
[18]吴永锋,石林三峡工程库区公路复建工程主要地质病害及防治对策[J].地球科学一 —中国地质大学学报,2001.26(4):402-405
[19]许也平,赵思贤,鲁少宏等.沪蓉国道主干线巫山至万州段灾害地质遥感解译[J].地球科学—中国地质大学学报,2001,26(4):433-436
[20]张梁 地质灾害风险评价理论与方法[J].中国地质矿产经济,1996,9(4)
[21]晏同珍 水文工程地质与环境保护[M].武汉;中国地质大学出版社,1994.
[22]张业成,胡景江,张春山.中国地质灾害危险性分析与灾变区划[J].地质灾害与环境保护,1995,6(3):1-13
[23]吴树仁,陈庆宜等.滑坡灾害预测模型对比分析[J].地质力学学报.1996,2(3):96-97
[24]殷坤龙,柳源 地质灾害区划系统研究[J].中国地质灾害防治学报,2000,(4).
[25]曹恺,孟高头,陈亮.浙江省仙居县地质灾害调查与区划[J].地球科学—中国地质大学学报.2002.3 Vol.27 No.2.
[26]Aleotti P.Baldelli P.Poolloni G.Hydrogeological Risk Assessment of Po Riverbasin (Italy).Proc.8th Int.Symp.Landslide.London.2000,P13-18
[27]Anbalagan R.Singh A.Landlide Hazard and Risk Assessment Mapping of Mountainous Terrain 'A Case Study for Kumaun Himalya.India.Engineering Geology.1996,43(4):237-246
[28]Babaic B.A.,Hodizadch,J,and Babaci,A.Self-similar cataclasare in the Saltville thrust zone,Knoxville,Tenressee.J.Geoohys,Res.1995,139 09):18075-18084.
[29]Bemknopf R.L.,Campbell R.H.Brookshire D.S.,Shapiro,C.D.A Probabilistic Approach to Landslide Hazard Mapping in Cincinnati,Ohio,with Applications for economic Evaluation.Bulletin of the Assoc.of Eng.Geologists.1988,25(1).
[30]李闽.地质灾害人口安全易损性区划研究[J].中国地质矿产经济,2002,(8):24-27
[31]刘传正等.关于地质灾害发育规律和减灾对策的思考.中国地质灾害与防治学报,1994,5(4)
[32]Huang C F.Concepts and methods of fuzzy 'risk nalysis[A].Risk research and Management in Asian Perspective[C].Proceedings of the First Chain-Japan Conference on Risk Assessment and Management.Bejing:International Academ icpublishers.1998.12-13.
[33]贺平.安徽省地质灾害区划研究[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,1998.5,Vol.9No.2:42—46
[34]夏友元.基于神经网络的岩质边坡稳定性评价系统研究[J].自然灾害学报,1996,5(1):98-104
[35]乔建平,赵宇.杨文.四川省及重庆市滑坡危险度区划研究[J].自然灾害学报,2002年2月,Vol.9 No.1
[36]柳源.中国地质灾害(以崩、滑、流为主)危险性分析与区划[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2003年3月,Vol.14 No.1
[37]Jones FOetal.Landslides along the Columbia river valley northeastern Hashing[M].USGS.Professional paper.1961.367.
[2]殷坤龙,张桂荣.质灾害风险区划与综合防治对策[J].安全与环境工程.2003.3Vol.10 No.1.
[3]云南省鲁甸县志编纂委员会.鲁甸县志[M].昆明:云南人民出版社,1995.6
[4]向喜琼,黄润秋.基于GIS的人工神经网络模型在地质灾害危险性区划中的应用[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报、2000.9 Vol.11 No.3:23-27.
[5]贺敬.云南省泸水县地质灾害防治区划研究:硕士学位论文.昆明:昆明理工大学。2005
[6]沈芳.山区地质环境评价与地质灾害危险性区划的GIS系统:博士学位论文.成都:成都理工大学.2000
[7]张梁,张建军.地质灾害风险区划理论与方法[J].地质灾害与环境保护.2000.12Vol.11 No.4:323-328
[8]中国地理志编辑部.中国自然区划草案[M].北京:科学出版社,1956
[9]沈勇.关于山西地质灾害调查与区划的思考[J].科技情报开发与经济.2003年第13卷第12期
[10]鲁甸县统计局.鲁甸县经济社会主要统计资料
[11]李忠生.地震作用下的滑坡稳定性分析[D].长安大学地质系.2001.10
[12]刘卫亚,谢守益.极值降雨与新滩滑坡复活[J].面向21世纪的岩石力学与工程.1977
[13]潘愁,李铁峰.灾害地质学[M].北京大学出版社.2002年4月
[14]徐邦栋.滑坡分析与防治[M].中国铁道出版社.2001
[15]吴锦奎.甘肃省礼县地质灾害发育特征及危险性评价[D].兰州大学地质系.2002.5
[16]刘希林,王小丹.云南省泥石流风险区划.水土保持学报,2000.14(3):104-107
[17]张梁,张业诚,罗元华等.地质灾害灾情评估理论与实践[ml.北京:地质出版社,1998
[18]吴永锋,石林三峡工程库区公路复建工程主要地质病害及防治对策[J].地球科学一 —中国地质大学学报,2001.26(4):402-405
[19]许也平,赵思贤,鲁少宏等.沪蓉国道主干线巫山至万州段灾害地质遥感解译[J].地球科学—中国地质大学学报,2001,26(4):433-436
[20]张梁 地质灾害风险评价理论与方法[J].中国地质矿产经济,1996,9(4)
[21]晏同珍 水文工程地质与环境保护[M].武汉;中国地质大学出版社,1994.
[22]张业成,胡景江,张春山.中国地质灾害危险性分析与灾变区划[J].地质灾害与环境保护,1995,6(3):1-13
[23]吴树仁,陈庆宜等.滑坡灾害预测模型对比分析[J].地质力学学报.1996,2(3):96-97
[24]殷坤龙,柳源 地质灾害区划系统研究[J].中国地质灾害防治学报,2000,(4).
[25]曹恺,孟高头,陈亮.浙江省仙居县地质灾害调查与区划[J].地球科学—中国地质大学学报.2002.3 Vol.27 No.2.
[26]Aleotti P.Baldelli P.Poolloni G.Hydrogeological Risk Assessment of Po Riverbasin (Italy).Proc.8th Int.Symp.Landslide.London.2000,P13-18
[27]Anbalagan R.Singh A.Landlide Hazard and Risk Assessment Mapping of Mountainous Terrain 'A Case Study for Kumaun Himalya.India.Engineering Geology.1996,43(4):237-246
[28]Babaic B.A.,Hodizadch,J,and Babaci,A.Self-similar cataclasare in the Saltville thrust zone,Knoxville,Tenressee.J.Geoohys,Res.1995,139 09):18075-18084.
[29]Bemknopf R.L.,Campbell R.H.Brookshire D.S.,Shapiro,C.D.A Probabilistic Approach to Landslide Hazard Mapping in Cincinnati,Ohio,with Applications for economic Evaluation.Bulletin of the Assoc.of Eng.Geologists.1988,25(1).
[30]李闽.地质灾害人口安全易损性区划研究[J].中国地质矿产经济,2002,(8):24-27
[31]刘传正等.关于地质灾害发育规律和减灾对策的思考.中国地质灾害与防治学报,1994,5(4)
[32]Huang C F.Concepts and methods of fuzzy 'risk nalysis[A].Risk research and Management in Asian Perspective[C].Proceedings of the First Chain-Japan Conference on Risk Assessment and Management.Bejing:International Academ icpublishers.1998.12-13.
[33]贺平.安徽省地质灾害区划研究[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,1998.5,Vol.9No.2:42—46
[34]夏友元.基于神经网络的岩质边坡稳定性评价系统研究[J].自然灾害学报,1996,5(1):98-104
[35]乔建平,赵宇.杨文.四川省及重庆市滑坡危险度区划研究[J].自然灾害学报,2002年2月,Vol.9 No.1
[36]柳源.中国地质灾害(以崩、滑、流为主)危险性分析与区划[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2003年3月,Vol.14 No.1
[37]Jones FOetal.Landslides along the Columbia river valley northeastern Hashing[M].USGS.Professional paper.1961.367.
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