山羊卵母细胞减数分裂机制的初步研究
摘要
对于雌性哺乳动物而言,减数分裂是一个漫长的过程;卵原细胞进入减数分裂后,一直被阻断在第一次减数分裂前期的双线期,直到排卵之前,来自于发情期脑垂体分泌促黄体素的刺激下减数分裂重新恢复。本实验通过在卵母细胞体外成熟过程中添加不同浓度的卵丘细胞或其外围壁层颗粒细胞进行共培养,对山羊卵母细胞成熟过程中卵泡颗粒细胞对卵母细胞减数分裂抑制作用及作用机制进行了探索;钙离子信号对卵母细胞减数分裂周期发挥重要的调节作用,然而钙离子信号在山羊卵母细胞成熟过程中是否作为起始信号重新启动减数分裂及生发泡破裂后起到了什么作用并不是非常清楚。本试验通过在成熟液中分别添加一定量的L-型钙离子通道阻断剂、CaM对抗剂和CaMKⅡ抑制剂,对钙-钙调蛋白依赖性蛋白激酶Ⅱ(CaMKII)在山羊卵母细胞减数分裂成熟过程中的作用进行了研究。试验研究结果表明:
1.成熟液中添加105个/mL和106个/mL卵丘细胞或外围壁层颗粒细胞的卵母细胞体外成熟率与对照组相比差异不显著(P>0.05),但添加5×10~6个/mL(41.2%)和107个/mL(24.6%)卵丘细胞或外围壁层颗粒细胞组的成熟率显著降低(P<0.05)。添加5×10~6个/mL和107个/mL卵丘细胞组和颗粒细胞组卵丘不能正常扩展,核相观察,卵母细胞停留在GV期。在山羊卵母细胞体外成熟过程中,添加一定浓度的卵丘细胞及其外层的颗粒细胞可以抑制卵母细胞的减数分裂。
2.添加Rp-cAMP(Rp-cyclic adenosine monophosphothioate)膜渗透性cAMP对抗剂,诱导了107个/mL的卵丘细胞组(71.6%)和外围壁层颗粒细胞组(71.3%)的卵母细胞体外成熟率与对照组(72.0%)差异不显著(P>0.05)。而添加一定浓度的Rp-cAMP可有效拮抗卵丘或颗粒细胞对卵母细胞成熟的抑制作用。卵丘细胞及其外层的颗粒细胞可能通过提高卵母细胞胞质内的cAMP的水平,从而维持卵母细胞的减数分裂状态。
3.L-型钙离子通道阻断剂Nifedipine、CaM对抗剂W7和CaMKⅡ抑制剂KN-93能够抑制山羊卵母细胞的成熟,并使卵母细胞停留在减数分裂周期的生发泡(GV)期,同时培养后的COCs卵丘不发生扩展。钙离子信号通路在山羊卵母细胞成熟过程中发挥着重要作用。作为钙离子信号的主要调节因子,CaM和CaMKⅡ在启动山羊卵母细胞减数分裂重新恢复过程中起着至关重要的作用。
4.在卵母细胞发生生发泡破裂(GVBD)后,经KN-93和W7处理,第一极体的排出受到抑制,停留在减数分裂周期的第一次减数分裂前期或中期,而经Nifedipine处理后,第一极体正常排出。CaM和CaMKⅡ在启动山羊卵母细胞发生GVBD后对第一极体的排出起着至关重要的作用。
Mammalian oocytes grow and undergo meiosis within ovarian follicles. Oocytes are arrested at the first meiotic prophase, held in meiotic arrest by the surrounding follicle cells until a surge of LH from the pituitary stimulates the immature oocyte to resume meiosis. In this experiment, during the the process of goat oocyte IVM, by adding different concentration cumulus cell and its surrounding granular cell ,we study the inhibitive effects and its mechanism of follicular cells on meiosis of oocytes; Calcium signal is important for the regulation of meiotic cell cycle in oocytes, but Calcium signal weather as start signal in meiotic resumption and play what role after GVBD is not well known. In this study ,The functional roles ofcalcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) in meiotic maturation of sheep oocytes were studied by by adding some concentration CaMKII inhibitor KN-93 , CaM antagonist W7 or L-type Ca2+ channel blocker Nifedipine. The results were showed bellow:
1. The IVM rate of oocyte was not being affected considerably after adding 105 cell/mL and 106 cell/mL cumulus cells or surrounding granular cells, contrast to control group(P>0.05), but were significantly higher than that of 5×10~6 cell/mL(41.2%),107cell/mL(24.6%) cumulus cells and 5×10~6cell/mL(38.5%),107cell/mL(23.8%) surrounding granular cells (P<0.05). In adding 5×10~6 cell/mL,107 cell/mL cumulus cells group and surrounding granular cells group, the cumulus could not expand . Nuclear Status Examination, the meiosis of oocytes was maintained in GV stage. During the process of oocyte IVM, adding some concentration cumulus cells and surrounding granular cells would maintain oocytes meiotic arrest.
2. Rp-cyclic adenosine monophosphothioate, a membrane-permeable antagonist to cAMP, induced the oocyte IVM rate of 107 cell/mL cumulus cells group(71.6%) and surrounding granular cells group(71.3%) which there was no significant difference among the control group (P>0.05). Adding some concentration cumulus cells and surrounding granular cells would maintain meiotic arrest by increasing the cAMP level of oocyte. 3. The meiotic resumption of cumulus-enclosed oocytes was prevented by CaMKII inhibitor KN-93 , CaM antagonist W7 or L-type Ca2+ channel blocker Nifedipine treatment. Calcium signal may be a important signal in regulating meiosis maturation, as a key mediator of Ca~(2+) signal CaM and CaMKII play an important role in meiotic resumption.
4. When the oocytes were treated with KN-93 or W7 after GVBD,the first polar body emission was inhibited, stay in prophase or MI stage but treated with Nifedipine the first polar body emission was not inhibited. CaM and CaMKII play an important role in emission of first polar body after GVBD.
1.成熟液中添加105个/mL和106个/mL卵丘细胞或外围壁层颗粒细胞的卵母细胞体外成熟率与对照组相比差异不显著(P>0.05),但添加5×10~6个/mL(41.2%)和107个/mL(24.6%)卵丘细胞或外围壁层颗粒细胞组的成熟率显著降低(P<0.05)。添加5×10~6个/mL和107个/mL卵丘细胞组和颗粒细胞组卵丘不能正常扩展,核相观察,卵母细胞停留在GV期。在山羊卵母细胞体外成熟过程中,添加一定浓度的卵丘细胞及其外层的颗粒细胞可以抑制卵母细胞的减数分裂。
2.添加Rp-cAMP(Rp-cyclic adenosine monophosphothioate)膜渗透性cAMP对抗剂,诱导了107个/mL的卵丘细胞组(71.6%)和外围壁层颗粒细胞组(71.3%)的卵母细胞体外成熟率与对照组(72.0%)差异不显著(P>0.05)。而添加一定浓度的Rp-cAMP可有效拮抗卵丘或颗粒细胞对卵母细胞成熟的抑制作用。卵丘细胞及其外层的颗粒细胞可能通过提高卵母细胞胞质内的cAMP的水平,从而维持卵母细胞的减数分裂状态。
3.L-型钙离子通道阻断剂Nifedipine、CaM对抗剂W7和CaMKⅡ抑制剂KN-93能够抑制山羊卵母细胞的成熟,并使卵母细胞停留在减数分裂周期的生发泡(GV)期,同时培养后的COCs卵丘不发生扩展。钙离子信号通路在山羊卵母细胞成熟过程中发挥着重要作用。作为钙离子信号的主要调节因子,CaM和CaMKⅡ在启动山羊卵母细胞减数分裂重新恢复过程中起着至关重要的作用。
4.在卵母细胞发生生发泡破裂(GVBD)后,经KN-93和W7处理,第一极体的排出受到抑制,停留在减数分裂周期的第一次减数分裂前期或中期,而经Nifedipine处理后,第一极体正常排出。CaM和CaMKⅡ在启动山羊卵母细胞发生GVBD后对第一极体的排出起着至关重要的作用。
Mammalian oocytes grow and undergo meiosis within ovarian follicles. Oocytes are arrested at the first meiotic prophase, held in meiotic arrest by the surrounding follicle cells until a surge of LH from the pituitary stimulates the immature oocyte to resume meiosis. In this experiment, during the the process of goat oocyte IVM, by adding different concentration cumulus cell and its surrounding granular cell ,we study the inhibitive effects and its mechanism of follicular cells on meiosis of oocytes; Calcium signal is important for the regulation of meiotic cell cycle in oocytes, but Calcium signal weather as start signal in meiotic resumption and play what role after GVBD is not well known. In this study ,The functional roles ofcalcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) in meiotic maturation of sheep oocytes were studied by by adding some concentration CaMKII inhibitor KN-93 , CaM antagonist W7 or L-type Ca2+ channel blocker Nifedipine. The results were showed bellow:
1. The IVM rate of oocyte was not being affected considerably after adding 105 cell/mL and 106 cell/mL cumulus cells or surrounding granular cells, contrast to control group(P>0.05), but were significantly higher than that of 5×10~6 cell/mL(41.2%),107cell/mL(24.6%) cumulus cells and 5×10~6cell/mL(38.5%),107cell/mL(23.8%) surrounding granular cells (P<0.05). In adding 5×10~6 cell/mL,107 cell/mL cumulus cells group and surrounding granular cells group, the cumulus could not expand . Nuclear Status Examination, the meiosis of oocytes was maintained in GV stage. During the process of oocyte IVM, adding some concentration cumulus cells and surrounding granular cells would maintain oocytes meiotic arrest.
2. Rp-cyclic adenosine monophosphothioate, a membrane-permeable antagonist to cAMP, induced the oocyte IVM rate of 107 cell/mL cumulus cells group(71.6%) and surrounding granular cells group(71.3%) which there was no significant difference among the control group (P>0.05). Adding some concentration cumulus cells and surrounding granular cells would maintain meiotic arrest by increasing the cAMP level of oocyte. 3. The meiotic resumption of cumulus-enclosed oocytes was prevented by CaMKII inhibitor KN-93 , CaM antagonist W7 or L-type Ca2+ channel blocker Nifedipine treatment. Calcium signal may be a important signal in regulating meiosis maturation, as a key mediator of Ca~(2+) signal CaM and CaMKII play an important role in meiotic resumption.
4. When the oocytes were treated with KN-93 or W7 after GVBD,the first polar body emission was inhibited, stay in prophase or MI stage but treated with Nifedipine the first polar body emission was not inhibited. CaM and CaMKII play an important role in emission of first polar body after GVBD.
引文
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