莲花镇“两型社会”示范镇建设融资渠道研究
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摘要
城乡统筹发展与新农村建设是城市化发展的新阶段,是城市化的扩展和外延,是随着生产力的发展而促进城乡居民生产方式、生活方式和居住方式协调发展的过程。近年来,长沙市以“两型社会”建设为契机,加速推进城乡统筹发展和新农村建设。随着新农村建设的全面铺开,基础设施建设的资金缺口问题日益显现,仅靠政府财政支持已难以满足各项基础设施建设的资金需求,亟需开拓新农村建设融资渠道。本文以长沙市“两型社会”示范镇——莲花镇为研究对象,探索以土地融资为主、政府资金投入为辅的资金筹措路子,力图为破解新农村建设中“基础设施”资金瓶颈提供参考。本文共分为以下八个部分：
第一部分绪论。阐述本文选题背景和意义,国内外研究动态以及本研究的研究思路和技术路线。
第二部分相关理论基础。阐述了土地融资的理论基础,包括土地产权理论、地租理论、土地金融和规模经济原理等。
第三部分项目建设融资条件分析。从区位条件、自然条件、社会经济条件和土地利用条件四个方面对莲花镇进行了深入细致地研究,分析了其基础设施及公共服务设施建设项目(以下简称建设项目)融资的资源禀赋条件。
第四部分莲花镇“两型社会”建设目标及资金估算。结合相关规划,建立了莲花镇“两型社会”示范镇建设目标；围绕建设目标,进行了近期建设项目安排；按照项目建设相关标准,对近期建设项目所需资金量进行了估算。
第五部分项目建设融资现状分析。对莲花镇近五年已建主要建设项目的融资情况进行了剖析,找出了项目建设融资存在的主要问题。
第六部分项目建设融资途径研究。从莲花镇资源禀赋条件出发,分城镇项目建设融资和农村项目建设融资两条主线,构建了以土地融资为主,政府资金投入为辅的项目建设融资体系；对每种融资途径的具体运作进行了设计,对每种融资途径的融资额度进行了计算和量化。
第七部分项目建设融资资金供需分析。对各种融资途径的融资额度进行了汇总,分析了项目建设存在的资金缺口,为政府决策提供参考
第八部分项目建设融资的保障措施。分城镇项目建设融资和农村项目建设融资两条主线,探索了莲花镇建设项目融资的保障措施。
Urban and rural development and new countryside construction are the new stage of Urbanization, the expansion and extension of urbanization, the process of promoting the coordinated development of urban and rural residents'mode of production, lifestyle and mode of living along with the development of productivity. In recent years, Changsha City has taken the idea of "two-oriented society" as the turning point to accelerate the urban and rural development and new rural construction. With the new rural construction in full swing, the problem lacking of financial support for the infrastructure construction is becoming worse. Only the governmental financial support is not able to meet the requirement of infrastructure funding, it needs an immediate new channel to offer financial support. This paper takes the model town of "two-oriented society" of Changsha City——the Lotus town as the research object to explore the way of collecting funds that is based on land financing supplemented by governmental capital investment and to seek a better way to provide the reference of breaking the "infrastructure" funds bottleneck when building a new countryside. This article is divided into the following eight parts:
The first part is the introduction. It is to introduce the background information and the significance of my research and the relevant research trends at home and abroad and the research ideas and technology roadmap of the study.
The second part is the discussion of the related theories. It describes the theoretical foundation of the financing of land, which includes the theory of land property rights, rent, land finance and economies of scale principles and so on.
The third part is the analysis of the financing conditions of certain project construction. It mainly details with Lotus town from the geographic conditions, natural conditions, socio-economic conditions and land use conditions and analysis the resource endowments of its infrastructure construction projects (hereinafter referred to as construction projects) financing conditions.
The fourth part is the goals and financial estimates of building the "two-oriented society" in Lotus town. Combined with the relevant planning, it established the model town-building objectives of "two-oriented society" of Lotus town. Surrounding the goal, it carried out the short-term construction projects. In accordance with the standards of related projects, it carried out the estimate amount of the funds required for short-term constructions projects.
The fifth part is the analysis of the present situation of the project financing. It analyses the financing of the major construction projects of Lotus town that have been built in the past five years and identifies the major problems that existed in the construction financing.
The sixth part is the analysis of the financing channels of projects. From the conditions of Lotus town's resource endowments, it built the financing system of the project which is based on land financing and supplemented by governmental capital investment with two main lines, which are the financing of urban projects and the financing of rural projects, designed the specific operation of each financing channels, calculated and quantified the finance amount of each financing channels.
The seventh part is the analysis of the capital supply and the demand of the project financing. It summarizes the finance amount of various financing channels, analyses the funding gap existing in the project construction so as to provide reference for the government to make decisions.
The eighth part is the safeguards of project financing. It explored the safeguards of project financing of Lotus town's construction with two main lines, which are the financing of urban projects and the financing of rural projects.
第一部分绪论。阐述本文选题背景和意义,国内外研究动态以及本研究的研究思路和技术路线。
第二部分相关理论基础。阐述了土地融资的理论基础,包括土地产权理论、地租理论、土地金融和规模经济原理等。
第三部分项目建设融资条件分析。从区位条件、自然条件、社会经济条件和土地利用条件四个方面对莲花镇进行了深入细致地研究,分析了其基础设施及公共服务设施建设项目(以下简称建设项目)融资的资源禀赋条件。
第四部分莲花镇“两型社会”建设目标及资金估算。结合相关规划,建立了莲花镇“两型社会”示范镇建设目标；围绕建设目标,进行了近期建设项目安排；按照项目建设相关标准,对近期建设项目所需资金量进行了估算。
第五部分项目建设融资现状分析。对莲花镇近五年已建主要建设项目的融资情况进行了剖析,找出了项目建设融资存在的主要问题。
第六部分项目建设融资途径研究。从莲花镇资源禀赋条件出发,分城镇项目建设融资和农村项目建设融资两条主线,构建了以土地融资为主,政府资金投入为辅的项目建设融资体系；对每种融资途径的具体运作进行了设计,对每种融资途径的融资额度进行了计算和量化。
第七部分项目建设融资资金供需分析。对各种融资途径的融资额度进行了汇总,分析了项目建设存在的资金缺口,为政府决策提供参考
第八部分项目建设融资的保障措施。分城镇项目建设融资和农村项目建设融资两条主线,探索了莲花镇建设项目融资的保障措施。
Urban and rural development and new countryside construction are the new stage of Urbanization, the expansion and extension of urbanization, the process of promoting the coordinated development of urban and rural residents'mode of production, lifestyle and mode of living along with the development of productivity. In recent years, Changsha City has taken the idea of "two-oriented society" as the turning point to accelerate the urban and rural development and new rural construction. With the new rural construction in full swing, the problem lacking of financial support for the infrastructure construction is becoming worse. Only the governmental financial support is not able to meet the requirement of infrastructure funding, it needs an immediate new channel to offer financial support. This paper takes the model town of "two-oriented society" of Changsha City——the Lotus town as the research object to explore the way of collecting funds that is based on land financing supplemented by governmental capital investment and to seek a better way to provide the reference of breaking the "infrastructure" funds bottleneck when building a new countryside. This article is divided into the following eight parts:
The first part is the introduction. It is to introduce the background information and the significance of my research and the relevant research trends at home and abroad and the research ideas and technology roadmap of the study.
The second part is the discussion of the related theories. It describes the theoretical foundation of the financing of land, which includes the theory of land property rights, rent, land finance and economies of scale principles and so on.
The third part is the analysis of the financing conditions of certain project construction. It mainly details with Lotus town from the geographic conditions, natural conditions, socio-economic conditions and land use conditions and analysis the resource endowments of its infrastructure construction projects (hereinafter referred to as construction projects) financing conditions.
The fourth part is the goals and financial estimates of building the "two-oriented society" in Lotus town. Combined with the relevant planning, it established the model town-building objectives of "two-oriented society" of Lotus town. Surrounding the goal, it carried out the short-term construction projects. In accordance with the standards of related projects, it carried out the estimate amount of the funds required for short-term constructions projects.
The fifth part is the analysis of the present situation of the project financing. It analyses the financing of the major construction projects of Lotus town that have been built in the past five years and identifies the major problems that existed in the construction financing.
The sixth part is the analysis of the financing channels of projects. From the conditions of Lotus town's resource endowments, it built the financing system of the project which is based on land financing and supplemented by governmental capital investment with two main lines, which are the financing of urban projects and the financing of rural projects, designed the specific operation of each financing channels, calculated and quantified the finance amount of each financing channels.
The seventh part is the analysis of the capital supply and the demand of the project financing. It summarizes the finance amount of various financing channels, analyses the funding gap existing in the project construction so as to provide reference for the government to make decisions.
The eighth part is the safeguards of project financing. It explored the safeguards of project financing of Lotus town's construction with two main lines, which are the financing of urban projects and the financing of rural projects.
引文
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[4]龙荣.农村土地融资模式的国际比较及借鉴[J].金融与经济,2009(9)：61-62
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[7]Baudry, J. Interactions between Agriculture and Ecological Systems at the Landscape Level [J]. Agric. Ecosystem Environ,1989:119-130
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[9]罗剑朝等.博弈与均衡：农地金融制度绩效分析——贵州省湄潭县农地金融制度个案研究与一般政策结论[J].中国农村观察,2003(3)：43-51
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[18]黄宇辉.农村土地证券化研究[D].暨南大学硕士学位论文.2007
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[22]李双保.构建以农发行为主导的农村金融投融资体制[J].ADF,2006(7)：79-80
[23]张宏东.论我国农地抵押制度的创新[J].金融理论与实践,2008(7)：82-84
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[25]唐正繁.中国农地制度改革的可行选择：土地股份合作制[J].思想理论双月刊,2003(6)：25-26
[26]何享业.佛山市南海区推进农村股份合作制之我见[J].南方农村,2009(4)：73-77
[27]蒋省三等.南海土改：农民从土地级差中收益[J].决策咨询,2003(4)：35-37
[28]周诚.土地经济学原理[M].北京：商务印书馆,2003
[29]全国土地估价师资格考试委员会.土地管理基础[M].北京：地质出版社,2004
[30]冯道杰.关于发展农业适度规模经营的新探讨[J].重庆邮电学院学报,2004(5)：69-70
[31]赵丽等.征地区片综合地价与基准地价的关联度研究[J].中国物价,2009(07)：38-40
[32]建造一个可持续的未来——长沙市2002-2008土地开发整理纪实[M].湖南人民出版社,2008
[33]张建华.推行“两分两换”,统筹城乡发展[J].土地市场,2008(11)：71-73
[34]莫晓辉.鼓励农民勇于放弃——浙江省嘉兴市“两分两换”试点调查[J].中国土地,2008(8)：50-52
[35]吴倩.浅析土地经营权作价入股运作模式[J].商场现代化,2008(5)
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[2]长沙着力实施“百村示范、千村整治”工程[EB/OL].http://www.hunanjs.gov.cn,2006-4-6
[3]毕宝德.土地经济学(第五版)[M].北京.中国人民大学出版社,2005
[4]龙荣.农村土地融资模式的国际比较及借鉴[J].金融与经济,2009(9)：61-62
[5]Soren, E.F.& B.Gersfelt.& H.G.Jensen. The Impacts of Redesigning European Agricultural Support[J]. The Applied Regional Science Conference (ARSC),2003,15(2):106-131
[6]Cook, M.L. The Future of us Agricultural cooperatives:A Neo-Institutional Approach[J].American Journal of Agricultural Economics,1995,77(12):53-59
[7]Baudry, J. Interactions between Agriculture and Ecological Systems at the Landscape Level [J]. Agric. Ecosystem Environ,1989:119-130
[8]赵辉.农地金融制度建设中的风险分担机制及组织创新研究[D].广西大学硕士学位论文,2007年
[9]罗剑朝等.博弈与均衡：农地金融制度绩效分析——贵州省湄潭县农地金融制度个案研究与一般政策结论[J].中国农村观察,2003(3)：43-51
[10]马健等.值得关注的“土地银行”-溧阳市联盟村保障失地农民长远利益[N].新华日报,2004-10-21
[11]加快土地流转发展效益农业,绍兴县建立土地信托中心[EB/OL].http://www.zjonline. com.cn,2001-3-24
[12]邓大才.农村土地的融资功能与我国的政策选择[J].岭南学刊,2005(5)：59-62
[13]罗剑朝.构建新型农地金融制度[J].中国农村信用合作,2007(09)：24-25
[14]田立等.我国农地金融体系研究的几点思考[J].商业研究,2007(05)：134-137
[15]高彦彬.农地金融创新与农地流转模式选择[J].研究,2009
[16]唐双英.我国农地金融制度的构建与探索[D].西南大学硕士学位论文.2004
[17]李博金等.宅基地在新农村建设中的融资作用[J].建筑经济,2008
[18]黄宇辉.农村土地证券化研究[D].暨南大学硕士学位论文.2007
[19]孟坤等.农地融资问题探析[J].商业时代,2009(25)：88-89
[20]冯玉华等.土地金融与农村经济发展[J].农业经济问题,1999(5)：40-43
[21]张琼等.关于农地承包经营权抵押的思考与建议[J].江西财经大学学报,2006(4)：23-25
[22]李双保.构建以农发行为主导的农村金融投融资体制[J].ADF,2006(7)：79-80
[23]张宏东.论我国农地抵押制度的创新[J].金融理论与实践,2008(7)：82-84
[24]吴红缨.国开行重庆试点：农村土地承包经营权抵押[N].21世纪经济报道,2006-02-28
[25]唐正繁.中国农地制度改革的可行选择：土地股份合作制[J].思想理论双月刊,2003(6)：25-26
[26]何享业.佛山市南海区推进农村股份合作制之我见[J].南方农村,2009(4)：73-77
[27]蒋省三等.南海土改：农民从土地级差中收益[J].决策咨询,2003(4)：35-37
[28]周诚.土地经济学原理[M].北京：商务印书馆,2003
[29]全国土地估价师资格考试委员会.土地管理基础[M].北京：地质出版社,2004
[30]冯道杰.关于发展农业适度规模经营的新探讨[J].重庆邮电学院学报,2004(5)：69-70
[31]赵丽等.征地区片综合地价与基准地价的关联度研究[J].中国物价,2009(07)：38-40
[32]建造一个可持续的未来——长沙市2002-2008土地开发整理纪实[M].湖南人民出版社,2008
[33]张建华.推行“两分两换”,统筹城乡发展[J].土地市场,2008(11)：71-73
[34]莫晓辉.鼓励农民勇于放弃——浙江省嘉兴市“两分两换”试点调查[J].中国土地,2008(8)：50-52
[35]吴倩.浅析土地经营权作价入股运作模式[J].商场现代化,2008(5)
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