粉粒状建筑垃圾在水泥混凝土中的应用研究
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摘要
据不完全统计，全国城市固体垃圾年总量已达1.42*10~8T，其中建筑垃圾占城市垃圾总量的30％—40％。20世纪90年代以来，城市建筑垃圾资源化利用问题已为世界众多国家所重视，并成为研究热点之一。但到目前为止，我国对城市建筑垃圾资源化利用问题尚没有给与足够的重视。本文在系统综述国内外有关再生骨料、再生骨料混凝土的性能与技术研究成果的基础上，对粉、粒状废弃混凝土与废弃砖分别进行了再生利用研究和分析，结果表明，建筑垃圾预处理回收利用具有明显的社会、环境与经济效益，可以有效的推动我国材料工业的可持续发展。本文的主要工作和结论为：
(1)首次提出废弃混凝土粉、废弃砖粉激活处理用作混凝土与水泥掺合料的思路：鉴于国内外有关建筑垃圾回收利用研究均是集中在颗粒状垃圾用作再生骨料、再生混凝土等方面，而再生骨料生产过程产生的粒径小于2mm左右的细粉料仍然废弃且污染环境的现实，本文首次提出将该类细粉料进一步磨细激活用作水泥、混凝土的矿物掺和料，从而使废弃混凝土、碎砖等建筑垃圾百分之百资源化再生利用，研究表明该思路完全可行，废弃混凝土、废弃砖细粉料具有良好的利用价值；
(2)研究表明建筑垃圾磨细粉具有与水泥水化产物反应的潜活性：其中废弃混凝土磨细粉中的CaCO_3、水泥凝胶和未水化水泥颗粒分别具有形成水化碳铝酸钙与水化碳硅酸钙、作为水泥水化晶胚和继续水化形成凝胶产物的能力，尤其是早期；而磨细废砖粉中的硅、铝矿物则具有火山灰活性在碱激发下具有与Ca(OH)_2二次反应形成CSH凝胶的能力；
(3)在激发剂作用下可以适当提高建筑垃圾磨细粉在水泥和混凝土中的掺入量：其中NaOH和Na_2CO_3对磨细废混凝土粉和废砖粉都有一定激发效果，而石灰和石膏则对废砖粉有较好的激发效果；建筑垃圾磨细粉对水泥标准稠度需水量、终凝时间、安定性等物理性能无不利影响，但大掺量下废弃混凝土粉的晶胚效应以及CaCO_3的水化反应一定程度上缩短了水泥的初凝时间；
(4)建筑垃圾磨细粉在水泥、混凝土中的掺入量对其力学性能有较大的影响：建筑垃圾磨细粉等量取代10％以内水泥时基本不降低水泥石的强度，但当掺量超过10％以后，强度随掺量几乎以直线下降；在42.5等级水泥中掺加不超过10％
郑州大学硕士毕业论丈
的建筑垃圾磨细粉其力学性能保持稳定甚至略有提高，即使掺量达到30%时，也
能符合32.5等级水泥的力学性能要求;在碱性激发剂的作用下，若在混凝土中
掺加不超过20%的废弃建筑垃圾磨细粉同时替代不超过15%的砂或超量掺配废弃
建筑垃圾磨细粉可以保持混凝土强度不变;
(5)再生粗骨料经激活、强化(浸溃法)可以部分乃至全部替代天然碎石配
制30即a以上的再生混凝土:浸溃法改性激活强化的再生粗骨料强度明显改善，
尤其是用无机浸溃液处理的再生骨料(HZ)，100%代替碎石骨料所配制的混凝土
28d抗压强度达到31 .OMPa，几乎达到同配比下碎石骨料所配制的混凝土强度
(33.OMPa)，表明浸溃法改性激活强化再生骨料是可行的。
According to incomplete statistics, the amount of urban solid wastes has reached to 1.42*103 ton annual and the quantity of building wastes has accounted for 30%-40% in China. Building wastes recycling has received considerable attention and become one of the research hotspots in world, but up to now this doesn' t happen in China . In this paper, the research results about properties and production of recycled aggregate and concrete has been reviewed in world, and the recycling of particle and powder waste of concrete and brick are studied respectively. The study results show that building wastes recycling has obvious social, environmental and economic benefits and can facilitate sustainable development of material industry. In this paper the following work has been done:
(1) The viewpoint of using pulverized powder waste of concrete and brick as mineral admixture for cement and concrete is put forward firstly: Because the research about building wastes recycling is focused on recycled aggregate and recycled concrete in domestic and foreign countries, but the smaller powder which is generated in the process of recycled aggregate production is abandoned and pollutes environment, in order to recycle waste concrete and waste brick completely, in this paper, the utilizing smaller powder as mineral admixture for cement and concrete through pulverization and excitation is put forward. The research results show that the way is feasible and waste concrete and waste brick have better recycling value.
(2) The research shows that pulverized building wastes has potential hydration activity: the CaCO3 hydrate gel and unhydrated cement particle which are contained in pulverized waste concrete can react or form calcium carboaluminate hydrates and calcium carbosilicate hydrates crystal blank effect and new hydrates respectively, especially in the early stage. The alumina-silica minerals which is contained in pulverized waste brick have pozzuolanic activity and can react with Ca(0H)2 to form C-S-H.
(3) the content of pulverized building wastes excited by mineral agent can be increased in cement and concrete: NaOH and Na2CO have excitation effect to pulverized waste concrete and brick, else lime and gypsum have better excitation effect only to pulverized waste brick. Pulverized building wastes has not bad influence on the physical properties of cement such as water requirement for normal consistency of cement paste, time of final setting and cement soundness, but in a way large content of pulverized waste concrete in cement can cause decrease of initial setting time because of crystal blank effect and the hydration between CaCO3 and C3S.
(4) The content of pulverized building wastes in cement and concrete can greatly influence the mechanical property of cement and concrete: Pulverized building wastes can not greatly decrease the strength of cement if the content is not over 10 percent under equal substitution, but the strength will decrease with the content in linear if the content is over 10 percent. The mechanical property of 42. 5 grade cement ran keep or enhance when the content of pulverized building wastes is not over 10 percent and can still satisfy 32. 5 grade even when the content has reached to 30 percent. When the alkaline excitation agent exists, the concrete can still keep stable strength even if using the pulverized building wastes to replace cement 20% and at the same time replace sand not over 15 percent, or excessive substitution.
(5) Through activation and intensification (immersion method) it is possible to make concrete whose strength is higher than 30Mpa by completely or partly using recycled coarse aggregate to take place of natural crushed rock aggregate: The properties of immersed recycled coarse aggregate can be improved obviously, especially inorganic impregnant disposal recycled coarse aggregate. The 28d compressive strength of concrete which is made by using inorganic impregnant disposal recycled coarse aggregate to completely substituting natural crushed rock aggregate almost reaches to 31.0Mpa, at
(1)首次提出废弃混凝土粉、废弃砖粉激活处理用作混凝土与水泥掺合料的思路：鉴于国内外有关建筑垃圾回收利用研究均是集中在颗粒状垃圾用作再生骨料、再生混凝土等方面，而再生骨料生产过程产生的粒径小于2mm左右的细粉料仍然废弃且污染环境的现实，本文首次提出将该类细粉料进一步磨细激活用作水泥、混凝土的矿物掺和料，从而使废弃混凝土、碎砖等建筑垃圾百分之百资源化再生利用，研究表明该思路完全可行，废弃混凝土、废弃砖细粉料具有良好的利用价值；
(2)研究表明建筑垃圾磨细粉具有与水泥水化产物反应的潜活性：其中废弃混凝土磨细粉中的CaCO_3、水泥凝胶和未水化水泥颗粒分别具有形成水化碳铝酸钙与水化碳硅酸钙、作为水泥水化晶胚和继续水化形成凝胶产物的能力，尤其是早期；而磨细废砖粉中的硅、铝矿物则具有火山灰活性在碱激发下具有与Ca(OH)_2二次反应形成CSH凝胶的能力；
(3)在激发剂作用下可以适当提高建筑垃圾磨细粉在水泥和混凝土中的掺入量：其中NaOH和Na_2CO_3对磨细废混凝土粉和废砖粉都有一定激发效果，而石灰和石膏则对废砖粉有较好的激发效果；建筑垃圾磨细粉对水泥标准稠度需水量、终凝时间、安定性等物理性能无不利影响，但大掺量下废弃混凝土粉的晶胚效应以及CaCO_3的水化反应一定程度上缩短了水泥的初凝时间；
(4)建筑垃圾磨细粉在水泥、混凝土中的掺入量对其力学性能有较大的影响：建筑垃圾磨细粉等量取代10％以内水泥时基本不降低水泥石的强度，但当掺量超过10％以后，强度随掺量几乎以直线下降；在42.5等级水泥中掺加不超过10％
郑州大学硕士毕业论丈
的建筑垃圾磨细粉其力学性能保持稳定甚至略有提高，即使掺量达到30%时，也
能符合32.5等级水泥的力学性能要求;在碱性激发剂的作用下，若在混凝土中
掺加不超过20%的废弃建筑垃圾磨细粉同时替代不超过15%的砂或超量掺配废弃
建筑垃圾磨细粉可以保持混凝土强度不变;
(5)再生粗骨料经激活、强化(浸溃法)可以部分乃至全部替代天然碎石配
制30即a以上的再生混凝土:浸溃法改性激活强化的再生粗骨料强度明显改善，
尤其是用无机浸溃液处理的再生骨料(HZ)，100%代替碎石骨料所配制的混凝土
28d抗压强度达到31 .OMPa，几乎达到同配比下碎石骨料所配制的混凝土强度
(33.OMPa)，表明浸溃法改性激活强化再生骨料是可行的。
According to incomplete statistics, the amount of urban solid wastes has reached to 1.42*103 ton annual and the quantity of building wastes has accounted for 30%-40% in China. Building wastes recycling has received considerable attention and become one of the research hotspots in world, but up to now this doesn' t happen in China . In this paper, the research results about properties and production of recycled aggregate and concrete has been reviewed in world, and the recycling of particle and powder waste of concrete and brick are studied respectively. The study results show that building wastes recycling has obvious social, environmental and economic benefits and can facilitate sustainable development of material industry. In this paper the following work has been done:
(1) The viewpoint of using pulverized powder waste of concrete and brick as mineral admixture for cement and concrete is put forward firstly: Because the research about building wastes recycling is focused on recycled aggregate and recycled concrete in domestic and foreign countries, but the smaller powder which is generated in the process of recycled aggregate production is abandoned and pollutes environment, in order to recycle waste concrete and waste brick completely, in this paper, the utilizing smaller powder as mineral admixture for cement and concrete through pulverization and excitation is put forward. The research results show that the way is feasible and waste concrete and waste brick have better recycling value.
(2) The research shows that pulverized building wastes has potential hydration activity: the CaCO3 hydrate gel and unhydrated cement particle which are contained in pulverized waste concrete can react or form calcium carboaluminate hydrates and calcium carbosilicate hydrates crystal blank effect and new hydrates respectively, especially in the early stage. The alumina-silica minerals which is contained in pulverized waste brick have pozzuolanic activity and can react with Ca(0H)2 to form C-S-H.
(3) the content of pulverized building wastes excited by mineral agent can be increased in cement and concrete: NaOH and Na2CO have excitation effect to pulverized waste concrete and brick, else lime and gypsum have better excitation effect only to pulverized waste brick. Pulverized building wastes has not bad influence on the physical properties of cement such as water requirement for normal consistency of cement paste, time of final setting and cement soundness, but in a way large content of pulverized waste concrete in cement can cause decrease of initial setting time because of crystal blank effect and the hydration between CaCO3 and C3S.
(4) The content of pulverized building wastes in cement and concrete can greatly influence the mechanical property of cement and concrete: Pulverized building wastes can not greatly decrease the strength of cement if the content is not over 10 percent under equal substitution, but the strength will decrease with the content in linear if the content is over 10 percent. The mechanical property of 42. 5 grade cement ran keep or enhance when the content of pulverized building wastes is not over 10 percent and can still satisfy 32. 5 grade even when the content has reached to 30 percent. When the alkaline excitation agent exists, the concrete can still keep stable strength even if using the pulverized building wastes to replace cement 20% and at the same time replace sand not over 15 percent, or excessive substitution.
(5) Through activation and intensification (immersion method) it is possible to make concrete whose strength is higher than 30Mpa by completely or partly using recycled coarse aggregate to take place of natural crushed rock aggregate: The properties of immersed recycled coarse aggregate can be improved obviously, especially inorganic impregnant disposal recycled coarse aggregate. The 28d compressive strength of concrete which is made by using inorganic impregnant disposal recycled coarse aggregate to completely substituting natural crushed rock aggregate almost reaches to 31.0Mpa, at
引文
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