高功率掺镱光纤主振荡功率放大系统研究
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摘要
种子源主振荡功率放大(MOPA)系统具有高斜率效率、输出脉冲特性可以通过种子光源控制等优点，因而成为近年来高脉冲能量、高峰值功率脉冲激光输出系统的主要方式。
本论文对采用掺镱光纤的高功率MOPA进行了理论和实验方面的研究，重点研究了工作在较低重复率脉冲输出状态的高功率脉冲MOPA系统。论文的主要工作和创新点如下：
1.首次对泵浦功率100~1000W的超高功率连续和脉冲状态掺镱光纤放大器(YDFA)进行了详细的理论模拟，分别研究了不同泵浦功率下，信号峰值、脉宽、重复率参数变化对放大效果的影响。模拟发现相邻脉冲之间的放大自发辐射(ASE)功率增长速度随泵浦功率的增加而极快的增大，以至于脉冲重复率降到几十kHz量级以下时，ASE功率超过了信号平均功率，这在普通高功率YDFA中观察不到。
2.首次模拟分析了增益光纤中的ASE功率分布情况随时间的演变过程，发现了正向ASE功率分布曲线的峰值位置随着时间增加向光纤输出端移动的现象，由此解释了正向ASE功率增长慢于反向ASE功率的原因，提出了“ASE建立时间”的概念。
3.首次模拟研究了脉冲泵浦状态下，不同泵浦脉冲宽度对信号脉冲放大效果的影响，发现信号脉冲的放大效果并非一直随泵浦脉宽的增加而增强，而是存在一个放大效果最强的泵浦脉宽；找到了不同泵浦功率下放大效果最强的泵浦脉冲宽度，综合比较了不同泵浦脉宽进行放大时的泵浦能量消耗、ASE功率、输出脉冲峰值。
4.首次研究了脉冲泵浦YDFA中信号脉冲与泵浦脉冲的时间匹配对放大效果的影响。发现当信号脉冲峰值位于泵浦脉冲末尾时，能得到最强的放大效果；若信号脉冲注入时间略有延迟，放大效果会有比较明显的减弱。而且发现泵浦功率越大时，信号脉冲经过相同延迟时间之后，其放大效果减弱的程度越严重。
5.对掺镱光纤MOPA系统的信号源激光器和采用脉冲泵浦方式的功率放大级分别进行了实验研究。通过优化放大级的泵浦脉冲宽度，成功把放大后输出光的ASE功率降到了连续泵浦状态下的1/8，同时信号脉冲峰值功率略高于连续泵浦。实验证明了脉冲泵浦方式与传统的连续泵浦方式相比，在抑制ASE功率方面有明显优势，与理论模拟的结论相符。
In recent years, the master-oscillator power-amplifier (MOPA) scheme becomes themain choice of high energy, high peak power pulsed laser systems due to its manyadvantages, such as high slope efficiency and easily manageable output pulsecharacteristics via the control of the seed source.
In this thesis, high power MOPAs based on ytterbium-doped fibers are studiedboth theoretically and experimentally with an emphasis focused on low repetition,high power pulsed MOPA systems. The main work and findings are summarizedbellow:
1. Ultra high power pumped continuous-wave and pulsed ytterbium-doped fiberamplifiers (YDFAs) under a pump power in the range100~1000W are systematicallystudied via numerical simulation for the first time, to the best of my knowledge. Theinfluences of the peak power, pulse width, and repetition rate of the signal pulse onthe performance of the amplifier under different pump-power levels are studied. Theresults show that the accumulation speed of the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE)power between two adjacent pulses increases drastically with the increasing of thepump power. When the repetition rate of the signal decreased to several tens of kHz,the ASE power surpasses the signal’s average power, which usually can not beobserved in conventional high power pumped YDFAs(<100W).
2. The evolution of the ASE power distribution in the gain fiber along time isanalyzed for the first time. The feature that the peak of the forward ASE power movesto the fiber’s output end with the increasing of the time is noticed, and is used toexplain why the forward ASE power accumulates more slowly than the backwardASE power. A concept named “ASE power building time” is proposed.
3. For pulse-pumped amplifiers, the influence of the width of the pump pulse onthe performance of the amplifier is studied for the first time, to my knowledge.Simulation results reveal that the amplification of the signal-pulse does not alwaysincrease with the width of the pump-pulse, and there exists an optimum pump-pulsewidth for a given signal-pulse width, at which the gain for the signal is the highest.The optimum pump-pulse widths under different pump power are analyzed, and thepump energy consumption, ASE power, output signal peak power under different pump-pulse widths are investigated.
4. For the first time, the influence of the timing between the pump-pulse andsignal-pulse on the performance of the amplifier is analyzed. It has been found thatthe signal-pulse gets the maximum gain when its peak is placed to the end ofpump-pulse, and the gain will decrease dramatically if the signal pulse is delayed alittle bit. Farther research reveals that the higher the pump power, the more thedecrease of the gain for the signal-pulse with the same time delay from the optimumtiming.
5. An Yb-doped fiber laser, the master-oscillator, and an Yb-doped pulselypumped fiber amplifier, the power-amplifier, are set up and experimentally studied.By optimizing the width of the pump-pulse, the ASE power is successfully reduced to1/8of that of the amplifier under continuous-wave pumping, while the peak power ofthe amplified signal-pulse is improved a little bit. The experimental results show thatthe pulsed-pump method is superior to the conventional continuous-pump method insuppressing the inter-pulse ASE power, which agrees well with our theoretialprediction.
本论文对采用掺镱光纤的高功率MOPA进行了理论和实验方面的研究，重点研究了工作在较低重复率脉冲输出状态的高功率脉冲MOPA系统。论文的主要工作和创新点如下：
1.首次对泵浦功率100~1000W的超高功率连续和脉冲状态掺镱光纤放大器(YDFA)进行了详细的理论模拟，分别研究了不同泵浦功率下，信号峰值、脉宽、重复率参数变化对放大效果的影响。模拟发现相邻脉冲之间的放大自发辐射(ASE)功率增长速度随泵浦功率的增加而极快的增大，以至于脉冲重复率降到几十kHz量级以下时，ASE功率超过了信号平均功率，这在普通高功率YDFA中观察不到。
2.首次模拟分析了增益光纤中的ASE功率分布情况随时间的演变过程，发现了正向ASE功率分布曲线的峰值位置随着时间增加向光纤输出端移动的现象，由此解释了正向ASE功率增长慢于反向ASE功率的原因，提出了“ASE建立时间”的概念。
3.首次模拟研究了脉冲泵浦状态下，不同泵浦脉冲宽度对信号脉冲放大效果的影响，发现信号脉冲的放大效果并非一直随泵浦脉宽的增加而增强，而是存在一个放大效果最强的泵浦脉宽；找到了不同泵浦功率下放大效果最强的泵浦脉冲宽度，综合比较了不同泵浦脉宽进行放大时的泵浦能量消耗、ASE功率、输出脉冲峰值。
4.首次研究了脉冲泵浦YDFA中信号脉冲与泵浦脉冲的时间匹配对放大效果的影响。发现当信号脉冲峰值位于泵浦脉冲末尾时，能得到最强的放大效果；若信号脉冲注入时间略有延迟，放大效果会有比较明显的减弱。而且发现泵浦功率越大时，信号脉冲经过相同延迟时间之后，其放大效果减弱的程度越严重。
5.对掺镱光纤MOPA系统的信号源激光器和采用脉冲泵浦方式的功率放大级分别进行了实验研究。通过优化放大级的泵浦脉冲宽度，成功把放大后输出光的ASE功率降到了连续泵浦状态下的1/8，同时信号脉冲峰值功率略高于连续泵浦。实验证明了脉冲泵浦方式与传统的连续泵浦方式相比，在抑制ASE功率方面有明显优势，与理论模拟的结论相符。
In recent years, the master-oscillator power-amplifier (MOPA) scheme becomes themain choice of high energy, high peak power pulsed laser systems due to its manyadvantages, such as high slope efficiency and easily manageable output pulsecharacteristics via the control of the seed source.
In this thesis, high power MOPAs based on ytterbium-doped fibers are studiedboth theoretically and experimentally with an emphasis focused on low repetition,high power pulsed MOPA systems. The main work and findings are summarizedbellow:
1. Ultra high power pumped continuous-wave and pulsed ytterbium-doped fiberamplifiers (YDFAs) under a pump power in the range100~1000W are systematicallystudied via numerical simulation for the first time, to the best of my knowledge. Theinfluences of the peak power, pulse width, and repetition rate of the signal pulse onthe performance of the amplifier under different pump-power levels are studied. Theresults show that the accumulation speed of the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE)power between two adjacent pulses increases drastically with the increasing of thepump power. When the repetition rate of the signal decreased to several tens of kHz,the ASE power surpasses the signal’s average power, which usually can not beobserved in conventional high power pumped YDFAs(<100W).
2. The evolution of the ASE power distribution in the gain fiber along time isanalyzed for the first time. The feature that the peak of the forward ASE power movesto the fiber’s output end with the increasing of the time is noticed, and is used toexplain why the forward ASE power accumulates more slowly than the backwardASE power. A concept named “ASE power building time” is proposed.
3. For pulse-pumped amplifiers, the influence of the width of the pump pulse onthe performance of the amplifier is studied for the first time, to my knowledge.Simulation results reveal that the amplification of the signal-pulse does not alwaysincrease with the width of the pump-pulse, and there exists an optimum pump-pulsewidth for a given signal-pulse width, at which the gain for the signal is the highest.The optimum pump-pulse widths under different pump power are analyzed, and thepump energy consumption, ASE power, output signal peak power under different pump-pulse widths are investigated.
4. For the first time, the influence of the timing between the pump-pulse andsignal-pulse on the performance of the amplifier is analyzed. It has been found thatthe signal-pulse gets the maximum gain when its peak is placed to the end ofpump-pulse, and the gain will decrease dramatically if the signal pulse is delayed alittle bit. Farther research reveals that the higher the pump power, the more thedecrease of the gain for the signal-pulse with the same time delay from the optimumtiming.
5. An Yb-doped fiber laser, the master-oscillator, and an Yb-doped pulselypumped fiber amplifier, the power-amplifier, are set up and experimentally studied.By optimizing the width of the pump-pulse, the ASE power is successfully reduced to1/8of that of the amplifier under continuous-wave pumping, while the peak power ofthe amplified signal-pulse is improved a little bit. The experimental results show thatthe pulsed-pump method is superior to the conventional continuous-pump method insuppressing the inter-pulse ASE power, which agrees well with our theoretialprediction.
引文
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