西天山云杉林遥感生物量模型及其空间分布格局研究
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摘要
森林生物量约占全球陆地植被生物量的90%,是森林固碳能力的重要标志,亦是评估森林碳收支的重要参数。森林生物量的大小受光合作用、呼吸作用、死亡、收获等自然和人类活动因素共同影响。因此,森林生物量的变化反映了森林的演替、人类活动、自然干扰(如:林火、病虫害等)、气候变化和大气污染等影响,是量度森林结构和功能变化的重要指标。3S技术的出现和发展,为多维角度和尺度的森林生物量监测研究提供了可能。
本文利用ETM遥感数据,在遥感及地理信息系统的支持下,综合地学、生态学信息,建立巩留东部林区天山云杉林生物量模型,并分析其空间分布格局。论文的研究内容和成果体现在以下三个方面:
(1)云杉林遥感植被指数的反演及森林蓄积量/生物量的相关性分析。利用植被遥感原理,反演不同类型多龄级的云杉林植被指数,以此为基础,进行不同植被指数与各龄级云杉林蓄积量/生物量的相关分析,从中筛选相关性最好、显著性最强的植被指数作为云杉林生物量反演的遥感参数和基础变量。
(2)云杉林生物量遥感模型研究。利用生物量换算因子(BEF, Biomass Expansion Factor)值通过蓄积量换算出各龄级生物量,利用统计回归模型和云杉林生物量反演遥感参数建立云杉林生物量遥感模型,利用不同的云杉林遥感生物量模型对研究区不同龄级的云杉林进行了计算分析并检验了其精度。
(3)云杉林生物量空间分布格局研究。利用DEM分析和地统计方法提取地形因子及地形特征,从海拔、坡度、坡向三个角度对西天山云杉林生物量的空间格局进行模拟,选取典型龄级开展云杉林生物量的可视区域分析、地形特征提取。通过研究,分析区域范围内近熟、成熟龄云杉林生物量的空间分布特征和分异规律。
通过研究表明;西天山云杉过熟林生物量最大,平均值达到229.001t/hm~2,其次是近熟林平均值达到146.374t/hm~2,成熟林生物量平均值183.51t/hm~2,中龄林生物量平均值146.374t/hm~2,幼龄林生物量最小,平均值61.889t/hm~2。云杉林生物量多分布在1400-2700m,在坡度25 o -35 o上分布比例最多,其空间分布格局呈现出明显的中亚山地森林特征。
The forest biomass which approximately composes 90% of the global land vegetation biomass is the important symbol of forest solid carbon ability. It is also the important parameter of appraising the forest carbon revenue and expenditure. The magnitude of forest biomass is affected by nature and the humanity activity factors such as photosynthesis ,respiration ,death ,harvests and so on. Therefore , the change of forest biomass reflects the forest succession, the humanity activity, nature molestation (for example: forest fire, the plant disease and so on)climatic change and air pollution, which is the important index to measure the forest structure and the function change. With 3S appearance and development, it provides the possibility in multi-dimensional perspective of the scale of forest biomass monitoring study.
This article uses the ETM remote sensing data, with the support of remote sensing and geographic information system, it synthetizes the geographic and ecology information, establishes the Tianshan spruce forest biomass model of eastern Gongliu forest region, and analyzes its spatial distribution pattern. This paper's contents and results expresses in the following three aspects :
(1) Retrieval of spruce forest vegetation index and pertinence analysis of spruce forest between vegetation index and volume/biomass. Using the vegetation remote sensing theory, this paper retrieves vegetation index of different age level spruce forest.On this basis, I analyze the pertinence of spruce forest between different vegetation index and different age grades of Picea Schrenkiana var.tianshanica volume/biomass. The most significant vegetation index is selected from relevance as the parameters and variables of Picea Schrenkiana var.tianshanica forest biomass inversion based remote sensing.
(2) The spruce forest biomass remote sensing model study. Using Biomass Expansion Factor(BEF)and volume I convert various age level's biomass . Remote sensing parameters are retrieved by using statistical regression models ,forest biomass remote sensing models of Picea Schrenkiana var.tianshanica are established.Use the final model to calculate the biomass of eastern Gongliu forest region and testify its precision.
(3) The research of spruce forest biomass spatial distribution pattern. Selecting the typical grades of Picea Schrenkiana var.tianshanica, the character of the land including altitude, slope-deflection and the direction of the slope can be extracted uniting DEM analysis and the statistical analysis of the land. The western Tianshan spruce forest biomass spatial pattern can be simulated by altitude, slope-deflection and the direction .It can analyze different age grade's biomass visible region and withdraw the terrain characteristic. Through the research, it can obtains the near ripe and the mature Picea Schrenkiana var.tianshanica forest's biomass spatial distribution characteristic and the diversity rule in the region scope.
It is showed that excessive mature Picea Schrenkiana var.tianshanica forest's biomass is the largest of those average reaches 229.001t/hm~2,second is near mature Picea Schrenkiana var.tianshanica forest's biomass of those average reaches 146.374t/hm~2, the mature's average reaches 183.51t/hm~2,the middle age's average reaches 146.374t/hm~2,the young age's average reaches 61.889t/hm~2. Picea Schrenkiana var.tianshanica forest's biomass is scattered in 1400-2700m and the slope of 25 o-35 o on the largest proportion, its spatial distribution pattern was evident in the Central Asian mountain forest characteristics.
本文利用ETM遥感数据,在遥感及地理信息系统的支持下,综合地学、生态学信息,建立巩留东部林区天山云杉林生物量模型,并分析其空间分布格局。论文的研究内容和成果体现在以下三个方面:
(1)云杉林遥感植被指数的反演及森林蓄积量/生物量的相关性分析。利用植被遥感原理,反演不同类型多龄级的云杉林植被指数,以此为基础,进行不同植被指数与各龄级云杉林蓄积量/生物量的相关分析,从中筛选相关性最好、显著性最强的植被指数作为云杉林生物量反演的遥感参数和基础变量。
(2)云杉林生物量遥感模型研究。利用生物量换算因子(BEF, Biomass Expansion Factor)值通过蓄积量换算出各龄级生物量,利用统计回归模型和云杉林生物量反演遥感参数建立云杉林生物量遥感模型,利用不同的云杉林遥感生物量模型对研究区不同龄级的云杉林进行了计算分析并检验了其精度。
(3)云杉林生物量空间分布格局研究。利用DEM分析和地统计方法提取地形因子及地形特征,从海拔、坡度、坡向三个角度对西天山云杉林生物量的空间格局进行模拟,选取典型龄级开展云杉林生物量的可视区域分析、地形特征提取。通过研究,分析区域范围内近熟、成熟龄云杉林生物量的空间分布特征和分异规律。
通过研究表明;西天山云杉过熟林生物量最大,平均值达到229.001t/hm~2,其次是近熟林平均值达到146.374t/hm~2,成熟林生物量平均值183.51t/hm~2,中龄林生物量平均值146.374t/hm~2,幼龄林生物量最小,平均值61.889t/hm~2。云杉林生物量多分布在1400-2700m,在坡度25 o -35 o上分布比例最多,其空间分布格局呈现出明显的中亚山地森林特征。
The forest biomass which approximately composes 90% of the global land vegetation biomass is the important symbol of forest solid carbon ability. It is also the important parameter of appraising the forest carbon revenue and expenditure. The magnitude of forest biomass is affected by nature and the humanity activity factors such as photosynthesis ,respiration ,death ,harvests and so on. Therefore , the change of forest biomass reflects the forest succession, the humanity activity, nature molestation (for example: forest fire, the plant disease and so on)climatic change and air pollution, which is the important index to measure the forest structure and the function change. With 3S appearance and development, it provides the possibility in multi-dimensional perspective of the scale of forest biomass monitoring study.
This article uses the ETM remote sensing data, with the support of remote sensing and geographic information system, it synthetizes the geographic and ecology information, establishes the Tianshan spruce forest biomass model of eastern Gongliu forest region, and analyzes its spatial distribution pattern. This paper's contents and results expresses in the following three aspects :
(1) Retrieval of spruce forest vegetation index and pertinence analysis of spruce forest between vegetation index and volume/biomass. Using the vegetation remote sensing theory, this paper retrieves vegetation index of different age level spruce forest.On this basis, I analyze the pertinence of spruce forest between different vegetation index and different age grades of Picea Schrenkiana var.tianshanica volume/biomass. The most significant vegetation index is selected from relevance as the parameters and variables of Picea Schrenkiana var.tianshanica forest biomass inversion based remote sensing.
(2) The spruce forest biomass remote sensing model study. Using Biomass Expansion Factor(BEF)and volume I convert various age level's biomass . Remote sensing parameters are retrieved by using statistical regression models ,forest biomass remote sensing models of Picea Schrenkiana var.tianshanica are established.Use the final model to calculate the biomass of eastern Gongliu forest region and testify its precision.
(3) The research of spruce forest biomass spatial distribution pattern. Selecting the typical grades of Picea Schrenkiana var.tianshanica, the character of the land including altitude, slope-deflection and the direction of the slope can be extracted uniting DEM analysis and the statistical analysis of the land. The western Tianshan spruce forest biomass spatial pattern can be simulated by altitude, slope-deflection and the direction .It can analyze different age grade's biomass visible region and withdraw the terrain characteristic. Through the research, it can obtains the near ripe and the mature Picea Schrenkiana var.tianshanica forest's biomass spatial distribution characteristic and the diversity rule in the region scope.
It is showed that excessive mature Picea Schrenkiana var.tianshanica forest's biomass is the largest of those average reaches 229.001t/hm~2,second is near mature Picea Schrenkiana var.tianshanica forest's biomass of those average reaches 146.374t/hm~2, the mature's average reaches 183.51t/hm~2,the middle age's average reaches 146.374t/hm~2,the young age's average reaches 61.889t/hm~2. Picea Schrenkiana var.tianshanica forest's biomass is scattered in 1400-2700m and the slope of 25 o-35 o on the largest proportion, its spatial distribution pattern was evident in the Central Asian mountain forest characteristics.
引文
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