支持协同操作的虚拟教室的研究与开发
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摘要
随着计算机网络技术的发展，基于网络的远程教育已成为人们关注的热点，而虚拟教室则是远程教育的核心部分。在网上虚拟教室中，参与教学活动的成员构成了群体，群体成员的交互构成了协同行为。而计算机支持的协同工作(Computer SupportedCooperative Work，简写为CSCW)是指，一个群体中的多个成员，同时使用分布式网络系统上的多台计算机协同工作，共同完成某项任务。将计算机支持的协同工作技术应用到虚拟教室中，称之为支持计算机协同操作的虚拟教室。
为了开发协同虚拟教室系统，论文中对CSCW进行了简单的介绍；研究与探讨了开发CSCW应用系统的一些关键技术，如对CSCW的体系结构的研究、群体协作模式的研究、协作控制机制的研究；提出了对协同控制模块的设计，其中主要是应用层协议设计，在实现中采用专门的线程类进行数据通信管理；群组通信的关键技术。在协同虚拟教室中的一个典型应用是利用电子白板系统，在论文中提出了用JAVA的Servlets实现电子白板系统的方法，利用Servlets同时处理多个请求，并使请求同步，这样较好地实现了协同虚拟教室的实时在线讨论。
通过对CSCW应用系统的理论研究基础上，实现了一个支持协同操作的虚拟教室，提出虚拟教室的结构模型，该系统是基于客户机／服务器，有学生端、教师端和服务器端；系统功能中主要实现了资源列表、协同浏览、问题讨论、协同学习、网上考试及协同实验。
With the development of computer networks,tele-education Which is based on computer networks attracts more and more people,and virtual classroom is the heart of it compared with the traditional education,virtual classroom breaks the limit of time and location,and meets "study all life" in the information age. In the virtual classroom,all of the members who involve in the education activity make a group,and the interaction among the members makes cooperative action . And computer supported cooperative work (CSCW) means that members of the group who use the computers of a distributed networks system at the same time,accomplite a certain task . And supported computer cooperative operation virtual classroom is that the technology of CSCW is put into virtual classroom .The application of CSCW supplies shared information surrounding for all of members and makes the probability of interactive cooperative education,and what's more,improves the communication between teaching and study.
In order to project the cooperative virtual classroom,the paper introduces CSCW simply and researches some key technology of CSCW application system such as CSCW system structure,cluster cooperative work model,cooperative control system,the main task is to design application layer protocol,it use special thread classes to realize communication;and supplies the model and key communication technology among clusters,and the realizing method of which is a typical application .In the paper,we use Servlets of JAVA to realize electronic blackboard system,and it handle much synchronous request in the meantime,thus it realize realtime discussion in the cooperative virtual classroom.
On the basis of CSCW theoretical research,the paper realizes a virtual classroom which supports cooperative work and supplies structure model of virtual classroom which base on client/server,contain student,teacher and server computer.lt contains many functions such as resources list,cooperative scanning,problems discussion,cooperative study,net test,cooperative experiments and so on.
为了开发协同虚拟教室系统，论文中对CSCW进行了简单的介绍；研究与探讨了开发CSCW应用系统的一些关键技术，如对CSCW的体系结构的研究、群体协作模式的研究、协作控制机制的研究；提出了对协同控制模块的设计，其中主要是应用层协议设计，在实现中采用专门的线程类进行数据通信管理；群组通信的关键技术。在协同虚拟教室中的一个典型应用是利用电子白板系统，在论文中提出了用JAVA的Servlets实现电子白板系统的方法，利用Servlets同时处理多个请求，并使请求同步，这样较好地实现了协同虚拟教室的实时在线讨论。
通过对CSCW应用系统的理论研究基础上，实现了一个支持协同操作的虚拟教室，提出虚拟教室的结构模型，该系统是基于客户机／服务器，有学生端、教师端和服务器端；系统功能中主要实现了资源列表、协同浏览、问题讨论、协同学习、网上考试及协同实验。
With the development of computer networks,tele-education Which is based on computer networks attracts more and more people,and virtual classroom is the heart of it compared with the traditional education,virtual classroom breaks the limit of time and location,and meets "study all life" in the information age. In the virtual classroom,all of the members who involve in the education activity make a group,and the interaction among the members makes cooperative action . And computer supported cooperative work (CSCW) means that members of the group who use the computers of a distributed networks system at the same time,accomplite a certain task . And supported computer cooperative operation virtual classroom is that the technology of CSCW is put into virtual classroom .The application of CSCW supplies shared information surrounding for all of members and makes the probability of interactive cooperative education,and what's more,improves the communication between teaching and study.
In order to project the cooperative virtual classroom,the paper introduces CSCW simply and researches some key technology of CSCW application system such as CSCW system structure,cluster cooperative work model,cooperative control system,the main task is to design application layer protocol,it use special thread classes to realize communication;and supplies the model and key communication technology among clusters,and the realizing method of which is a typical application .In the paper,we use Servlets of JAVA to realize electronic blackboard system,and it handle much synchronous request in the meantime,thus it realize realtime discussion in the cooperative virtual classroom.
On the basis of CSCW theoretical research,the paper realizes a virtual classroom which supports cooperative work and supplies structure model of virtual classroom which base on client/server,contain student,teacher and server computer.lt contains many functions such as resources list,cooperative scanning,problems discussion,cooperative study,net test,cooperative experiments and so on.
引文
[1]中共中央、国务院，关于深化教育改革全面推进素质教育的决定，1999．6．13
[2]Gao Liming, Wang Qifu, Gao Songhai,Developing Distance Courses,International Conference on Distance Education,Distance Learning,Tsinghua University,1999
[3]余胜泉、何克抗。基于INTERNET的教学模式，中国电化教育1998．4。
[4]远程教学概述王平等现代教育技术98．2
[5]史美林，CSCW：计算机支持的协同工作，通信学报，1995
[6]http://www.mmit.str.sh.cn/CSCWForum
[7]史美林，向勇。CSCW研究中的关键技术。中国学术期刊文摘。1997．11
[8]王河，顾君忠。Intemet上协同环境的虚拟现实交互技术。计算机应用1999．10
[9]朱海滨，王朴等，基于客户机朋艮务器结构的多媒体合著平台设计，电子学报，1997
[10]Searl.Speech Acts.Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1969
[11]Terry Wingograd. A language/Action Perspective on the design of cooperative work.Proc.Of CSCW'86pp203～220
[12]F.De Cindio,G.De Michelis,C.Simons, R.Vassallo, A.M.Zonabonl, CHAOS as coordination technology.Proc.Of CSCW'86,pp325～342
[13]Ciorgio DE Michelis,M.Antonietta Grasso.Situating Conversations Within the Language/Action Perspective:The Milan Conversation Model.Proc.of CSCW,94 pp89～99
[14]Kathy Spurr etc.Computer Support for Cooperative Work:CSCW Introduction,ppxxiiixxiv.John Wiley &Sons Ltd,1994
[15]Kari Kuutti.The Concept of activity as a basic unit of analy for CSCW research.Proc.of ECSCW'91,pp249～264
[16]Kari Kuutti.Identifying Potential CSCW applications by means of Activity theory Concepts:A Case Example. CSCW'92,pp233～240
[17]Trevor,T.Rodden,and G.Blair.COL:A Lightweight Platform for CSCW. Proc.1993 3rd European Conf.On CSCW(Ecscw'93).Kluwer Academic Publishers,pp15～30
[18]史美林，向勇，杨光信等著。《计算机支持的协同工作理论与应用》 电子工业出版社
[19]周旗，荣波等，RSVP与Intemet多媒体通信，电信科学，1999．5
[20]Andrew S．Tanenbaum，计算机网络(第三版)，清华大学出版社，1998．7
[21]Merlin Hughes.Networking our whiteboard with Java 1[J].Javaworld,1998,12.
[22]肖波，王兆青，用Java编制Intemet电子白板，http://www.computerworld.com.cn，1998
[23]王魁生，等．Intemet／Intranet上CSCW中白板系统的设计与实现[J]．计算机科学，1999(26)：86～89．
[24]丁贵广，郭宝龙编 《ASP动态网站建站实例与技巧》西安电子科技大学出版社
[25]Scot Jonhnson,Active Server Pages详解，电子工业出版社，1999
[26]王国荣，ASP网页制作教程，人民邮电出版社，2000
[2]Gao Liming, Wang Qifu, Gao Songhai,Developing Distance Courses,International Conference on Distance Education,Distance Learning,Tsinghua University,1999
[3]余胜泉、何克抗。基于INTERNET的教学模式，中国电化教育1998．4。
[4]远程教学概述王平等现代教育技术98．2
[5]史美林，CSCW：计算机支持的协同工作，通信学报，1995
[6]http://www.mmit.str.sh.cn/CSCWForum
[7]史美林，向勇。CSCW研究中的关键技术。中国学术期刊文摘。1997．11
[8]王河，顾君忠。Intemet上协同环境的虚拟现实交互技术。计算机应用1999．10
[9]朱海滨，王朴等，基于客户机朋艮务器结构的多媒体合著平台设计，电子学报，1997
[10]Searl.Speech Acts.Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1969
[11]Terry Wingograd. A language/Action Perspective on the design of cooperative work.Proc.Of CSCW'86pp203～220
[12]F.De Cindio,G.De Michelis,C.Simons, R.Vassallo, A.M.Zonabonl, CHAOS as coordination technology.Proc.Of CSCW'86,pp325～342
[13]Ciorgio DE Michelis,M.Antonietta Grasso.Situating Conversations Within the Language/Action Perspective:The Milan Conversation Model.Proc.of CSCW,94 pp89～99
[14]Kathy Spurr etc.Computer Support for Cooperative Work:CSCW Introduction,ppxxiiixxiv.John Wiley &Sons Ltd,1994
[15]Kari Kuutti.The Concept of activity as a basic unit of analy for CSCW research.Proc.of ECSCW'91,pp249～264
[16]Kari Kuutti.Identifying Potential CSCW applications by means of Activity theory Concepts:A Case Example. CSCW'92,pp233～240
[17]Trevor,T.Rodden,and G.Blair.COL:A Lightweight Platform for CSCW. Proc.1993 3rd European Conf.On CSCW(Ecscw'93).Kluwer Academic Publishers,pp15～30
[18]史美林，向勇，杨光信等著。《计算机支持的协同工作理论与应用》 电子工业出版社
[19]周旗，荣波等，RSVP与Intemet多媒体通信，电信科学，1999．5
[20]Andrew S．Tanenbaum，计算机网络(第三版)，清华大学出版社，1998．7
[21]Merlin Hughes.Networking our whiteboard with Java 1[J].Javaworld,1998,12.
[22]肖波，王兆青，用Java编制Intemet电子白板，http://www.computerworld.com.cn，1998
[23]王魁生，等．Intemet／Intranet上CSCW中白板系统的设计与实现[J]．计算机科学，1999(26)：86～89．
[24]丁贵广，郭宝龙编 《ASP动态网站建站实例与技巧》西安电子科技大学出版社
[25]Scot Jonhnson,Active Server Pages详解，电子工业出版社，1999
[26]王国荣，ASP网页制作教程，人民邮电出版社，2000