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跨文化企业内管理人员的薪酬管理研究——以在华跨国公司为例
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摘要
进入21世纪后,跨国界的经营和人员流动已经成为全球经济的重要组成部分,跨国兼并和跨国战略联盟的增加使得跨国公司需要面对具有不同文化背景的管理人才和技术人才。这种全球化发展趋势给跨文化经营企业的人力资源管理带来的挑战是:如何使薪酬系统适合不同文化背景员工的需要或者说公司在进入一种新的文化时在多大程度上可以保持薪酬战略的有效性。跨国公司所面临的挑战不再是如何利用低劳动力成本,而是在特定的文化背景下如何设计薪酬战略。那些在设计薪酬战略时考虑了文化因素的跨国公司在管理多元化的员工队伍时将会取得更大的成功,这也是本文的中心论点。
     本文以霍夫斯泰德的四文化维度作为研究工具,分析了不同文化模式下的薪酬管理,并且对美国、日本和中国这三种不同文化下的薪酬模式进行了详细的比较分析,说明了在跨文化经营的过程中文化要素对薪酬战略的影响。在此分析的基础上,以跨国公司为研究的蓝本,对其内部不同类型管理人员的薪酬设计在理论上进行了分析阐述。由于三者的文化背景不同因此在进行薪酬设计时必须要考虑到这一点,薪酬的设计没有必要完全与其文化相契合但也不能侵犯其文化。
     在华跨国公司同样必须面对中国的特殊文化和政治经济环境,它们对当地员工的薪酬设计需要考虑到基于这种大背景下员工对总薪酬中各个部分的心理预期,文章的最后一部分就详细分析了在华跨国公司对当地员工的薪酬内容,总结了其得失并在前面研究的基础上提出了一系列的建议。
     通过一系列的分析研究,本文得出:薪酬和文化是具有共生性的,即文化要素影响公司薪酬体系,而薪酬模式也反过来例示和强化着社会文化,跨国公司只要能够充分运用两者间的关系,就可以将跨文化的劣势转化为提高绩效的文化优势。
The internationalization of business and employment is reaching dramatic proportions as we enter the 21st century. And an ever-increasing wave of international mergers, acquisitions, and cross-national strategic alliances is creating a world of "stateless corporations" staffed by a cadre of managers, professional and workers of very diverse culture backgrounds. A crucial question that arises an a result of this global trend is the degree to which reward systems must be customized to cope with diverse culture contingencies, or the extent to which the effectiveness of particular compensation strategies varies from one country to another. The emerging challenge from a compensation perspective for multinational corporations (MNCs) is not to take advantage of low-wage opportunities, but to design compensation strategies that are most appropriate for specific cultural conditions. The central thesis of this paper is that MNCs that are able to use national culture to their advantages when designing compensation stra
    tegies will achieve greater success in managing diverse work forces around the world.
    In the article, we illustrate how the cultural dimensions developed by Hofstede (power distance, individualism, uncertainty avoidance, and masculinity/femininity) can play a role in developing pay systems and discuss those compensation strategies that should be most prorate given a nation's standing on each cultural dimension. And Japan and the U.S. and China will be discussed in some detail to illustrate the effect of cultural elements on compensation strategies.
    As everyone known, development of a comprehensive global compensation system for parent country nationals (PCNs), home country nationals (HCNs) and third country nationals (TCNs) is one of the most important issues facing international human resource management. The author thought compensation decisions concerning direct wages, benefits and financial incentives are different among PCNs, HCNs and TCNs, and the article examines the necessary components of compensation and problems that recur.
    Otherwise we particularly discussed how MNCs in the China pay for nationals in the end of the article, and suggest that MNCs should take Chinese culture into account when designing compensation system.
    After analysis, this paper suggests that an international corporation must consider which social norms are being emphasized when devising its compensation philosophy. And because of its social as well as economic significance, compensation also exemplifies and reinforces social norms. We should make good use of this relation in order to reduce the efficiency loss.
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