大学生成人依恋的测量及相关人格研究
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摘要
成人依恋是指“个体与目前同伴之间强烈的和长久的情感联系”，其依恋对象不同于婴儿期的依恋对象，可以是父母、朋友、恋人、团队、组织或者抽象的形象(如上帝)等。自上世纪80年代中期，国外兴起了对成人依恋的研究，已取得了丰富的研究成果，但国内对这方面的研究还很少。本文首先对成人依恋的内涵、主要概念、运作机制、测量的理论框架以及近20年以来成人依恋在情感、认知、行为、病理心理学和咨询方面的研究成果进行了综述，然后修订了信效度较高的ECR量表(亲密关系体验调查)。运用修订好的ECR对上海市四所大学的596名大学生进行了现状调查，结果发现：(1)大学生的依恋回避得分较高，依恋类型中最多的是害怕型，其次才是安全型，专注型和冷漠型的人数也相对不少。(2)大学生成人依恋不存在性别和年级差异；但在依恋回避上存在专业差异和城市差异，理科生的回避得分要显著地高于文科生，杭州样本(杭州市三所大学的111名大三学生)的回避得分要显著高于上海市样本(上海市三所大学的115名大三学生)；依恋回避和依恋焦虑在不同恋爱状态上都存在差异，有恋爱经历的人的依恋回避和依恋焦虑得分都要显著地低于没有恋爱经历的人。
本研究还对成人依恋、消极生活事件、应对方式、自尊水平和心理健康之间的关系进行了探讨，结果表明：(1)消极生活事件、依恋焦虑和自尊水平都能显著的联合预测心理健康水平。(2)依恋焦虑在消极生活事件预测心理健康水平过程中起到显著的部分中介作用。(3)自尊对依恋焦虑预测心理健康水平起到显著的部分中介作用。
Adult Attachment refers to " the intense and enduring emotion bond between individual with the current partner". The researches on adult attachment have thrived since mid-1980s, which have attained burgeoning achievements, but there is little in China. The paper introduced the definition of adult attachment, the key concepts, working models and the theories on adult attachment measures. The paper also gave comprehensive review of western adult attachment researches on affection, cognition, behaviors and counseling. The study translated ECR, the Experiences in Close Relationship Inventory, which gained high reliability and validity among the Chinese college sample. 596 college students from grade one to grade four in Shanghai were administered ECR and the adult attachment characteristics of Chinese college students were analyzed. The results indicated: (1) The scores on attachment avoidance were much higher than the American counterparts. Fearful style shared the highest rate and secure style was in the second place. (2) There were no significant differences in genders and grades. But differences showed in majors and cities. The scores of attachment avoidance of science students were much higher than those of arts students and meanwhile those of Hangzhou students higher than those of Shanghai counterparts. Both the scores of attachment avoidance and anxiety those who have had romantic experiences were higher than those who of have no such experiences.
Finally, 385 college students were administered ECR, Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Check List, Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, the Self-esteem Scale and SCL-90. The results indicated: (1) Negative life events, attachment anxiety and self-esteem could significantly predict mental health. (2) Attachment anxiety effectively mediated the relationship between negative life events and mental health. (3) Self-esteem significantly mediated the relationship between attachment anxiety and mental health after control negative life events.
本研究还对成人依恋、消极生活事件、应对方式、自尊水平和心理健康之间的关系进行了探讨，结果表明：(1)消极生活事件、依恋焦虑和自尊水平都能显著的联合预测心理健康水平。(2)依恋焦虑在消极生活事件预测心理健康水平过程中起到显著的部分中介作用。(3)自尊对依恋焦虑预测心理健康水平起到显著的部分中介作用。
Adult Attachment refers to " the intense and enduring emotion bond between individual with the current partner". The researches on adult attachment have thrived since mid-1980s, which have attained burgeoning achievements, but there is little in China. The paper introduced the definition of adult attachment, the key concepts, working models and the theories on adult attachment measures. The paper also gave comprehensive review of western adult attachment researches on affection, cognition, behaviors and counseling. The study translated ECR, the Experiences in Close Relationship Inventory, which gained high reliability and validity among the Chinese college sample. 596 college students from grade one to grade four in Shanghai were administered ECR and the adult attachment characteristics of Chinese college students were analyzed. The results indicated: (1) The scores on attachment avoidance were much higher than the American counterparts. Fearful style shared the highest rate and secure style was in the second place. (2) There were no significant differences in genders and grades. But differences showed in majors and cities. The scores of attachment avoidance of science students were much higher than those of arts students and meanwhile those of Hangzhou students higher than those of Shanghai counterparts. Both the scores of attachment avoidance and anxiety those who have had romantic experiences were higher than those who of have no such experiences.
Finally, 385 college students were administered ECR, Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Check List, Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, the Self-esteem Scale and SCL-90. The results indicated: (1) Negative life events, attachment anxiety and self-esteem could significantly predict mental health. (2) Attachment anxiety effectively mediated the relationship between negative life events and mental health. (3) Self-esteem significantly mediated the relationship between attachment anxiety and mental health after control negative life events.
引文
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