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近五十年来扬州方言语音变化研究
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摘要
扬州地处江苏省中部,长江北岸,是苏北的门户。扬州方言是北方方言的次方言——江淮方言的一种,历来都是江淮方言的重要代表。
     扬州方言的语音很有特色,20世纪学者们对扬州方言语音的研究多从静态的描写出发,探寻扬州话与中古音的关系,与普通话音系的进行比较,取得了丰硕的研究成果。但是以往的研究在对扬州方言进行静态描写的同时忽视了对其动态的考察。语言是一个动态平衡系统,处于不断发展变化之中,从动态角度考察扬州话语音的变化是很有价值的。
     20世纪下半叶,尤其是改革开放以后,扬州话经历了老中青三代人的语音变化。本文将运用语音演变的有关理论,着重考察扬州话近五十年来的语音变化情况。通过对扬州话现实状况的调查,收集大量的、分布不均衡的语言事实,从中寻找不均衡的原因,分析哪些是已经完成的变异,哪些是正在进行中的变异以及变异的方向。本文试图揭示扬州话语音变化的起因,探讨引起变化的诸多因素,寻找语音变化的普遍规律。
     本文主要由四部分组成:1.扬州方言概况;2.扬州方言的语音变化;3.扬州方言语音变化的类型与趋势:4.扬州方言语音变化的规律。
Yangzhou city locates in the central part of Jiangsu province, north coast of the Yangtze River. It is the gate to the north part of Jiangsu province. The Yangzhou Dialect is one branch of the Jianghuai Dialect which is a sub-dialect of the Northern Dialect.
    The Yangzhou Dialect has various characteristics in its phonetics. In the 20th century, most scholars had studied the phonetics of the Yangzhou Dialect from the point of static description to probe the comparison between the Yangzhou Dialect and the Middle-ancient pronunciation , and the comparison between the Yangzhou Dialect and the Common Spoken Chinese. They had accomplished remarkable achievements. But as the conducting of the static descriptions to the Yangzhou Dialect, the dynamic observation was neglected in the process of former study. Language is a dynamic balance system. It has been in the process of change and development. In this case, it is an indispensable method to study the Yangzhou Dialect's phonetic change with the dynamic approach.
    Since the later of the 20th century, the Yangzhou Dialect has experienced the changes in its phonetics for three generations. Adapting the relative theories of phonetic development, this article will study the changes of the Yangzhou Dialect in last 50 years. Through the investigation of the Yangzhou Dialect's present status, the collecting of vast non-average distributed lingual facts, this article will also seek for the reasons that resulted in the unbalanced status and try to analyze the category of the completed changes, the category of undertaking changes and the direction of these changes. This article tried to reveal the causes of the Yangzhou Dialect's phonetic changes, discuss the factors that caused the changes and seek for the common rules of these phonetic changes.
    This article is composed of four parts: 1. Brief introduction of the Yangzhou Dialect; 2. The phonetic changes of the Yangzhou Dialect; 3. The types and trend of the Yangzhou Dialect's phonetic changes; 4. The rules of the Yangzhou Dialect's phonetic changes.
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