基于BT协议的流媒体技术在嵌入式系统中的应用研究
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摘要
近年来,Internet上流媒体的应用得到了迅猛发展,然而流媒体的传输速率却并不理想,主要原因是传统的客户端/服务器模式很容易导致服务器端的性能瓶颈和网络资源浪费,从而不能有效支持流媒体数据的大规模分发。此外,IP组播技术由于协议本身的复杂性、网络异构性、以及缺少支持组播的可靠性等自身固有的限制而难以部署。而由此产生的P2P模式将数据分发的中心从流媒体服务器分散到用户网络上,从而有效解决了服务器端的瓶颈问题。
与此同时,随着网络技术和微电子技术的发展,具有流媒体技术的嵌入式设备(如机顶盒)也越来越受到人们的青睐。如何将基于P2P网络流媒体技术更为有效地融入嵌入式设备中,提供更加清晰、流畅的播放功能和实时的传输功能是本文的研究重点,具体如下:
首先对P2P网络和流媒体技术进行了深入的研究,分析并总结了P2P网络的应用层组播技术的优势、网络拓扑结构设计和下载软件广泛应用的BT协议。
其次在研究了BT协议的基础上,并对其进行了改进和扩充,提出了一种基于BT协议的P2P流媒体系统BTStream。该系统模型融合了P2P网络和传统C/S技术的优点,能够支持大量用户实时接收流媒体数据;且节点的自组织能力有效地减轻了对服务器的压力,避免了网络拥塞的发生。
最后分析了嵌入式系统的特点,提出了BTStream流媒体客户端在嵌入式系统中的实现模型。在此基础上设计了嵌入式流媒体客户端和Torrent服务器端的软件,并与现有的Tracker服务器软件相结合,最终整合成一个完整的P2P流媒体系统。
In recent years, the application of Internet streaming media has been developing rapidly, but the transmission speed of streaming media is not good. The traditional client/server model very easily leads to the performance bottlenecks of server and the waste of resources, which can not effectively support large-scale data distribution of streaming media. In addition, IP multicast technology can't be disposed easily because of the reasons, such as the complexity of protocol, the heterogeneity of network, and lacking the reliability of multicast. Under P2P model the client network is used as center of date distribution,instead of the streaming media server, so it can effectively resolve the server-side bottlenecks.
Meanwhile, with the development of the network technology and microelectronics technology, the embedded devices with a streaming media are porpular to people. The present paper focuses on the researching of streaming media technology applied into the embedded devices, to provide clearer, smoother playback and real-time transmission. The specific contents of the paper are as follows:
1.Researching the P2P network and streaming media technology deeply, setting up multicast technology of the P2P network application layer, the network topology design and the development of streaming media and related technology.
2.Studying BT protocol widely used download software, and proposing a streaming media system based on BT P2P protocol. The system incorporates traditional P2P networks and C/S technical advantages, which can support a large number of users to receive real-time streaming data. In additional, the self-organizing capacity can effectively reduce the pressure on the server and avoid network congestion from occurring.
3. Analyzing the characteristics of embedded systems, and proposing a client system model with P2P streaming media. On the basis of this design, we design the torrent client of embedded streaming media and server-side software. With the existing tracker server software, we ultimately integrate them into a complete P2P streaming media system.
与此同时,随着网络技术和微电子技术的发展,具有流媒体技术的嵌入式设备(如机顶盒)也越来越受到人们的青睐。如何将基于P2P网络流媒体技术更为有效地融入嵌入式设备中,提供更加清晰、流畅的播放功能和实时的传输功能是本文的研究重点,具体如下:
首先对P2P网络和流媒体技术进行了深入的研究,分析并总结了P2P网络的应用层组播技术的优势、网络拓扑结构设计和下载软件广泛应用的BT协议。
其次在研究了BT协议的基础上,并对其进行了改进和扩充,提出了一种基于BT协议的P2P流媒体系统BTStream。该系统模型融合了P2P网络和传统C/S技术的优点,能够支持大量用户实时接收流媒体数据;且节点的自组织能力有效地减轻了对服务器的压力,避免了网络拥塞的发生。
最后分析了嵌入式系统的特点,提出了BTStream流媒体客户端在嵌入式系统中的实现模型。在此基础上设计了嵌入式流媒体客户端和Torrent服务器端的软件,并与现有的Tracker服务器软件相结合,最终整合成一个完整的P2P流媒体系统。
In recent years, the application of Internet streaming media has been developing rapidly, but the transmission speed of streaming media is not good. The traditional client/server model very easily leads to the performance bottlenecks of server and the waste of resources, which can not effectively support large-scale data distribution of streaming media. In addition, IP multicast technology can't be disposed easily because of the reasons, such as the complexity of protocol, the heterogeneity of network, and lacking the reliability of multicast. Under P2P model the client network is used as center of date distribution,instead of the streaming media server, so it can effectively resolve the server-side bottlenecks.
Meanwhile, with the development of the network technology and microelectronics technology, the embedded devices with a streaming media are porpular to people. The present paper focuses on the researching of streaming media technology applied into the embedded devices, to provide clearer, smoother playback and real-time transmission. The specific contents of the paper are as follows:
1.Researching the P2P network and streaming media technology deeply, setting up multicast technology of the P2P network application layer, the network topology design and the development of streaming media and related technology.
2.Studying BT protocol widely used download software, and proposing a streaming media system based on BT P2P protocol. The system incorporates traditional P2P networks and C/S technical advantages, which can support a large number of users to receive real-time streaming data. In additional, the self-organizing capacity can effectively reduce the pressure on the server and avoid network congestion from occurring.
3. Analyzing the characteristics of embedded systems, and proposing a client system model with P2P streaming media. On the basis of this design, we design the torrent client of embedded streaming media and server-side software. With the existing tracker server software, we ultimately integrate them into a complete P2P streaming media system.
引文
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[2]杨天路.P2P网络技术原理与系统开发案例[M].人民邮电出版社,2007,01
[3]侯自强.发展P2P PTV有可能使中国实现项层创新[J].星电视与宽带多媒体
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[10]刘亚杰,窦文华.P2P流媒体:一种新型的流媒体服务体系[J].计算机科学,2004,31(4):1-31
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[12]Gnutella.Gnutella unofficial website,http://gnutella.wego.com[EB/OL]
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[14]PeeCast.http://www.peercast.org
[15]REJA IE R,STAFFORD S.A framework for architecting peer-to-peer receiverdriven overlays[C].Proceedings of the ACM NOSS2DAV.Kinsale:ACM Press,2004:42-47.
[16]Pastry,http://research.microsoft.com[EB/OL]
[17]Wuchehai,LU Xianliang,DUAN Hancong,et al.Analysis of Content Availability Optimization in BitTorrent[C].2006 International Conference on Hybrid Information Technology,2006(1):525-532
[18]Zhnag.X,Liu.J,Li.B.DONet/Coolsrtemaing:A Data-driven Overlay Network for Live Media Streaming.Technical Report,June 2004(5):536-543
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[21]BitTorrent-protocol,http://linuxreviews.oreg[J-OL].2002
[22]CoolStreaming,http://personal.ie.cuhk.edu.hk/～xyzhang/
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[24]Li Gong.JXTA:a network programming environment[J],IEEE Internet Computing,2001(5):88-95
[25]Bram C.Incentives build robustness in bittorrent[J].Workshop on Economics of Peer-to-Peer Systems,2003(6):526-535
[26]Lu Qin,Cao Pei,Cohen Edith,et.al.Search andreplication in unstructured peer-to-peer networks[J].ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review,2002,30(1):258-259
[27]Huang J iunlong,Chen Mingsyan.On the effect of group mobility to data replication in ad hoc networks[J].IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing,2006,5(5):492-507
[28]Baboescu F,Varghese G.Scalable packet classification[C].San Diego,California,USA:ACM SIGCOMM'01,2001:199-210.
[29]ZHANG Y,LIU J,LIB,et al.Coolstreaming/DONet:A data-driven overlay network for peer-to-peer live media streaming[C].Proceedings of IEEE NFOCOM Miami:IEEE Press,2005:2012-2111
[30]AGARWALV,REJAIE R.Adaptive multi-source streaming in heterogeneous peer-to-peer networks[C].PIE/ACM MMCN'05.ACM Press,2005:102-109
[31]VISHNUMURTHY V,FRANCIS R.On heterogeneous overlay construction and random node selection in unstructured P2P networks[C].Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM.Barcelona:IEEE Press,2006:1-12.
[32]Li Gong.JXTA:a network programming environment[J],IEEE Internet Computing,2001(5):88-95
[33]刘撤杰,岳浩等.Linux操作系统教程[M].机械工业出版社,2005
[34]孙纪坤,张小全.嵌入式Linux系统开发技术详解[M].人民邮电出版社,2006
[35]毛德操,胡希明著.Linux内核源代码情景分析[M].杭州浙江大学出版社,2001
[36]卢奕.Linux操作系统[M].机械工业出版社,2006,3
[37]刘峥嵘,张智超,许振山等.嵌入式应用开发详解[M].机械工业出版社,2004
[38]邹思铁.嵌入式设计与应用[M].北京清华大学出版社,2003
[39]杜宏博,肖力千,胡星.对等网络文件分发算法优化[J].计算机工程,2007,33(16):98-103
[40]孙名松,周红敏,唐亮.一种自适应的P2P流媒体数据调度算法[J].计算机应用,2008,28(3):558-567
[41]Cohen E,Shenker S.Replication strategies in unstructured peer-to-peer networks [J].ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review,2002,32(4):177-190.
[42]Ghandeharizadeh S,Kdshnamachari B,Shanshan S.Placement of continuous media in wireless peer-to-peer networks[J].IEEE Transactions on Multimedia,2004,6(2):335-342.
[43]Hossfeld T,Tutschku K,Andersen F U.Mapping of File-sharing onto Mobile Environments:Feasibility and Performance of eDonkey with GPRS[C].Proc of Wireless Communications and Networking Conference.Wurzburg,Germany:[s.n.],2005,4:2453-2458.
[44]杨文涛,易志雄等.P2P网络流媒体播放系统研究[J].电视技术,2005,6
[45]王续宗,廖建新,朱晓民.一种基于IMS的BitTorrent文件分布系统架构[J].2008,34(1):273-275
[46]孙建.基于嵌入式Linux的BitTorrent文件分发系统的研究和实现[D].合肥工业大学硕士论文
[47]魏永明.MINIGUI与嵌入式MINIGUI[J].开放系统世界
[48]魏永明.面向实时嵌入式系统的图形用户界面支持系统编译、安装和配置[EB/OL].http://www.cn.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/
[49]陈坚,陈伟.网络高级编程[M].北京人民邮电出版社,2001,8
[50]郎锐.Visual C++网络通信程序开发基础及实例解析[M].北京机械工业出版社,2005,12
[51]增敏,王庆建.SQL Server 7.0实用教程[M].电子工业出版社,2001,06
[52]李劲,谢兆阳.SQL Server 2000数据库设计与系统管理[M].清华大学出版社,2001,07
[2]杨天路.P2P网络技术原理与系统开发案例[M].人民邮电出版社,2007,01
[3]侯自强.发展P2P PTV有可能使中国实现项层创新[J].星电视与宽带多媒体
[4]罗文杰.P2P网络的拓扑结构[J].http://www.intsci.ac.cn/users/luojw/P2P/ch02.html
[5]张联峰,乃安.综述:对等网(P2P)技术[J],计算机工程与应用,2003(12):142-145
[6]PPLive,http://www.pplive.com.cn
[7]PPStream,http://www.ppstream.com.cn
[8]QQLive,http://tv.qq.com
[9]钟玉琢 向哲.流媒体和视频服务器[M].清华大学,2003,06.
[10]刘亚杰,窦文华.P2P流媒体:一种新型的流媒体服务体系[J].计算机科学,2004,31(4):1-31
[11]Napster.http://www.napster.com[EB/OL].2005
[12]Gnutella.Gnutella unofficial website,http://gnutella.wego.com[EB/OL]
[13]Chen,B.Shen,S.Wee,et al.Adaptive and Lazy Segmentation Based Proxy Caching For Streaming MediaDelivery.In:Proeeedings of 13~(th)ACM hiternational Workshop on Network and Operating Systems Support for Design Audio and Video.Califomia,USA.2003:22-31
[14]PeeCast.http://www.peercast.org
[15]REJA IE R,STAFFORD S.A framework for architecting peer-to-peer receiverdriven overlays[C].Proceedings of the ACM NOSS2DAV.Kinsale:ACM Press,2004:42-47.
[16]Pastry,http://research.microsoft.com[EB/OL]
[17]Wuchehai,LU Xianliang,DUAN Hancong,et al.Analysis of Content Availability Optimization in BitTorrent[C].2006 International Conference on Hybrid Information Technology,2006(1):525-532
[18]Zhnag.X,Liu.J,Li.B.DONet/Coolsrtemaing:A Data-driven Overlay Network for Live Media Streaming.Technical Report,June 2004(5):536-543
[19]Bram Cohen.BitTorrent[EB/OL].http://bittorrent.com,2005
[20]BitComet,http://www.bitcomet.com[EB/OL]
[21]BitTorrent-protocol,http://linuxreviews.oreg[J-OL].2002
[22]CoolStreaming,http://personal.ie.cuhk.edu.hk/～xyzhang/
[23]VISHNUMURTHY V,FRANCIS R.On heterogeneous overlay construction and random node selection in unstructured P2P networks[C].Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM.Barcelona:IEEE Press,2006:1-12.
[24]Li Gong.JXTA:a network programming environment[J],IEEE Internet Computing,2001(5):88-95
[25]Bram C.Incentives build robustness in bittorrent[J].Workshop on Economics of Peer-to-Peer Systems,2003(6):526-535
[26]Lu Qin,Cao Pei,Cohen Edith,et.al.Search andreplication in unstructured peer-to-peer networks[J].ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review,2002,30(1):258-259
[27]Huang J iunlong,Chen Mingsyan.On the effect of group mobility to data replication in ad hoc networks[J].IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing,2006,5(5):492-507
[28]Baboescu F,Varghese G.Scalable packet classification[C].San Diego,California,USA:ACM SIGCOMM'01,2001:199-210.
[29]ZHANG Y,LIU J,LIB,et al.Coolstreaming/DONet:A data-driven overlay network for peer-to-peer live media streaming[C].Proceedings of IEEE NFOCOM Miami:IEEE Press,2005:2012-2111
[30]AGARWALV,REJAIE R.Adaptive multi-source streaming in heterogeneous peer-to-peer networks[C].PIE/ACM MMCN'05.ACM Press,2005:102-109
[31]VISHNUMURTHY V,FRANCIS R.On heterogeneous overlay construction and random node selection in unstructured P2P networks[C].Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM.Barcelona:IEEE Press,2006:1-12.
[32]Li Gong.JXTA:a network programming environment[J],IEEE Internet Computing,2001(5):88-95
[33]刘撤杰,岳浩等.Linux操作系统教程[M].机械工业出版社,2005
[34]孙纪坤,张小全.嵌入式Linux系统开发技术详解[M].人民邮电出版社,2006
[35]毛德操,胡希明著.Linux内核源代码情景分析[M].杭州浙江大学出版社,2001
[36]卢奕.Linux操作系统[M].机械工业出版社,2006,3
[37]刘峥嵘,张智超,许振山等.嵌入式应用开发详解[M].机械工业出版社,2004
[38]邹思铁.嵌入式设计与应用[M].北京清华大学出版社,2003
[39]杜宏博,肖力千,胡星.对等网络文件分发算法优化[J].计算机工程,2007,33(16):98-103
[40]孙名松,周红敏,唐亮.一种自适应的P2P流媒体数据调度算法[J].计算机应用,2008,28(3):558-567
[41]Cohen E,Shenker S.Replication strategies in unstructured peer-to-peer networks [J].ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review,2002,32(4):177-190.
[42]Ghandeharizadeh S,Kdshnamachari B,Shanshan S.Placement of continuous media in wireless peer-to-peer networks[J].IEEE Transactions on Multimedia,2004,6(2):335-342.
[43]Hossfeld T,Tutschku K,Andersen F U.Mapping of File-sharing onto Mobile Environments:Feasibility and Performance of eDonkey with GPRS[C].Proc of Wireless Communications and Networking Conference.Wurzburg,Germany:[s.n.],2005,4:2453-2458.
[44]杨文涛,易志雄等.P2P网络流媒体播放系统研究[J].电视技术,2005,6
[45]王续宗,廖建新,朱晓民.一种基于IMS的BitTorrent文件分布系统架构[J].2008,34(1):273-275
[46]孙建.基于嵌入式Linux的BitTorrent文件分发系统的研究和实现[D].合肥工业大学硕士论文
[47]魏永明.MINIGUI与嵌入式MINIGUI[J].开放系统世界
[48]魏永明.面向实时嵌入式系统的图形用户界面支持系统编译、安装和配置[EB/OL].http://www.cn.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/
[49]陈坚,陈伟.网络高级编程[M].北京人民邮电出版社,2001,8
[50]郎锐.Visual C++网络通信程序开发基础及实例解析[M].北京机械工业出版社,2005,12
[51]增敏,王庆建.SQL Server 7.0实用教程[M].电子工业出版社,2001,06
[52]李劲,谢兆阳.SQL Server 2000数据库设计与系统管理[M].清华大学出版社,2001,07