八十年代以来中国现当代小说在美国的译介与传播
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摘要
中国现当代文学在美国读者市场一直处于边缘化生存状态。这种现状固然与美国在政治、经济、文化领域的领先地位导致的国民骄傲心理有关，也与美国读者的阅读偏好、诗学观念、价值取向、民族性格有关。对于中国现当代小说在美国的译介与接受，尤其是美国读者市场研究，目前尚无系统深入的探讨。这是本文致力于研究的内容。
本文第一章介绍了中国现当代文学在美国的接受环境。以《纽约时报》等美国主流媒体对中国作家、作品的报道为研究对象，从美国记者、社论撰稿人的视阈为观察点，根据报道的角度，内容、态度，还原上个世纪80年代以来中国文学在美国的接受环境。通过整理曾获得关注的作家、作品，了解美国读者对中国文学现有的知识；根据畅销书书评栏目介绍的作品来考察哪些华人作品曾在美国产生影响力及其在塑造中国及中国文学形象方面所起到的作用，以此窥测大众读者对中国文学的印象，厘清中国文学在美国译介与传播的历史脉络，探寻这些历史资料对于中国文学进入美国读者市场的启示。此外，根据美国国家艺术基金会的阅读人口研究报告及Harris报告，总结了美国读者对文学作品的阅读情况及偏爱的文学类型，并从美国读者及出版社对翻译文学的态度、读者的阅读趣味，初步分析中国文学在美国边缘化的原因。
第二章侧重分析了中国当代文学在美国文学场域传播时所涉及的各种客观关系。从文学生产者和传播者的角度回顾并评价了中国官方机构、学术机构、民间机构、英美出版社及译者译介中国文学的努力，分析了传播中存在的问题及传播效果。此外还梳理、评述了美国汉学家对传播中国现当代文学所作的贡献，包括翻译、教学、研究、文学史及文学选集的编撰等。
第三章讨论影响中国当代文学在美国传播的因素，包括文化、意识形态、诗学、赞助人、读者等因素。文学作品域外接受的实际情况表明，译著所造成的文化影响，并不取决于原著或译著本身，而在很大程度上受到了接受国的文化环境的影响。本章以《上海生与死》和《鸿：三代中国女人的故事》为个案分析，揭示文革回忆录在美国畅销的多方面原因，既涉及政治、宗教、诗学因素，也包含读者阅读心理、出版商、主流媒介、文艺界及学术界的推荐与宣传。根据中西诗学差异，围绕《狼图腾》改写所体现的出版社及译者对可读性的追求，笔者从翻译理论（功能学派、文化学派、多元系统论）与实践两个层面论证了翻译过程中跨文化改写的必要性和可行性，并进一步提出改写的原则和尺度。
基于前三章的研究结论，第四章探讨了在全球化和消费时代的双重语境下，中国文学如何跻身世界文学、如何提升中国文学的国际影响力的问题。我们认为拥有世界读者是世界小说的一个评判标准，因此世界小说具有可读性和普世性两个参照标准。在此基础上，笔者对世界小说的其它特质，比如民族性和普世性的结合、小说内容与世界读者的相关性、作者的国际化视野与写作方式等方面倾注了思考，提出唯有走出文化政治的藩篱，尊重接受国读者的阅读习惯，以开放的心态包容、鼓励文化创造，中国当代文学才能以全新的形象走向世界。
Chinese literature is just a marginal existence in American readership market,which arouses widely concerns among Chinese intellectuals. Although the situationcan be easily attributed to the pride or arrogance prevailing in American readers due tothe leadership of the US in politics, economy and cultural industry, the characteristicsof American readership is worth our while studying, as China is ambitious anddetermined to push Chinese culture/literature to the center of the world. Unfortunately,there are still no insightful studies of American readership market, nor systematicstudies on the translation and reception of modern Chinese novels in the US. Thesegaps are aimed to fill in this dissertation.
Chapter1focuses on the cultural soils for the dissemination of Chinese novels inthe US. While sorting out the history of the reception of Chinese literature, the authortakes the critics on Chinese literature since1980s as raw materials from prestigiousnewspapers like New York Times and Washington Post, to extract American readers’perception of and attitude toward Chinese literary works and writers. According to thecomments about works and writers, especially the bestsellers as well as the novelsdiscussed in New York Times Book Review, we can also have a rough idea on theexisting knowledge and impression that American readers possibly have on Chineseliterature. To have a better idea of American readership market, a demographic surveyof readers’ interest in literary works based on the report by National Endowment forArts and the readers’ preference of literary genes based on Harris report are briefed.Besides, one of the important reasons for the marginal existence of Chinese literaturein America is addressed that American readers and publishers are indifferent totranslated works.
Chapter2elaborates on the objective relationships involved in the disseminationof modern Chinese literature in American literary field based on Pierre Bourdieu’stheory of field and capital. As the “manufacturers” in literary production,governmental and non-governmental organizations, academic institutes, translators,American publishers are summarized in terms of their achievements and limitations. Inaddition, sinologists’ roles in the introduction of Chinese modern novels are assessedregarding translation of literary works, edition of literary history and anthology, as well as other academic studies. Furthermore, the teaching of Chinese literature inAmerican university in respect of syllabus and textbook and class design, isintroduced.
Chapter3explores the factors that hinder the dissemination of modern Chineseliterature, including culture, ideology, poetics, readers’ psychology, etc. As the realityshows, the reception of a translation in a foreign country is decided more by the socialreality and cultural environment of the target country than by the original andtranslated texts. Through the reception of the bestsellers Life and Death in Shanghaiand Wild Swans: Three Daughters of China, various factors contributed to the successof these books are examined, including not only political, religious and poetic factorsbut also readers’ psychology and recommendations from publishers, mainstream media,literary and academic field. In order to bridge the differences between Chinese andWestern poetics and to meet the expectation of readability from publishers and generalreaders, rewriting during translation is argued both in the light of practice andtranslation theory such as German functional translation theories, cultural approach totranslation, and multi-system theory. What’s more, the principles and extent ofrewriting are also discussed.
On the basis of the findings in the previous chapters, Chapter4tries to answer thefollowing questions: in the era of globalization and consumerism, how can Chineseliterature be listed world literature and how to promote the international influence ofChinese literature? According to David Damrosch, a professor of Harvard University,world literature, a concept derives from Goethe, contains not only classic novels butnovels with worldwide readers, which specifies the two main features of worldliterature: universality and readability. Starting from this proposition, morecharacteristics of world novels, such as national elements, international horizon of theauthors and reader-oriented translation are discussed. It is believed that only bychanging the mindset that literature is a vehicle ridden with political purposes andnational image, by respecting the differences of target readership in individual country,and by embracing creation in cultural production, can Chinese literature goes globalwith a brand-new image.
本文第一章介绍了中国现当代文学在美国的接受环境。以《纽约时报》等美国主流媒体对中国作家、作品的报道为研究对象，从美国记者、社论撰稿人的视阈为观察点，根据报道的角度，内容、态度，还原上个世纪80年代以来中国文学在美国的接受环境。通过整理曾获得关注的作家、作品，了解美国读者对中国文学现有的知识；根据畅销书书评栏目介绍的作品来考察哪些华人作品曾在美国产生影响力及其在塑造中国及中国文学形象方面所起到的作用，以此窥测大众读者对中国文学的印象，厘清中国文学在美国译介与传播的历史脉络，探寻这些历史资料对于中国文学进入美国读者市场的启示。此外，根据美国国家艺术基金会的阅读人口研究报告及Harris报告，总结了美国读者对文学作品的阅读情况及偏爱的文学类型，并从美国读者及出版社对翻译文学的态度、读者的阅读趣味，初步分析中国文学在美国边缘化的原因。
第二章侧重分析了中国当代文学在美国文学场域传播时所涉及的各种客观关系。从文学生产者和传播者的角度回顾并评价了中国官方机构、学术机构、民间机构、英美出版社及译者译介中国文学的努力，分析了传播中存在的问题及传播效果。此外还梳理、评述了美国汉学家对传播中国现当代文学所作的贡献，包括翻译、教学、研究、文学史及文学选集的编撰等。
第三章讨论影响中国当代文学在美国传播的因素，包括文化、意识形态、诗学、赞助人、读者等因素。文学作品域外接受的实际情况表明，译著所造成的文化影响，并不取决于原著或译著本身，而在很大程度上受到了接受国的文化环境的影响。本章以《上海生与死》和《鸿：三代中国女人的故事》为个案分析，揭示文革回忆录在美国畅销的多方面原因，既涉及政治、宗教、诗学因素，也包含读者阅读心理、出版商、主流媒介、文艺界及学术界的推荐与宣传。根据中西诗学差异，围绕《狼图腾》改写所体现的出版社及译者对可读性的追求，笔者从翻译理论（功能学派、文化学派、多元系统论）与实践两个层面论证了翻译过程中跨文化改写的必要性和可行性，并进一步提出改写的原则和尺度。
基于前三章的研究结论，第四章探讨了在全球化和消费时代的双重语境下，中国文学如何跻身世界文学、如何提升中国文学的国际影响力的问题。我们认为拥有世界读者是世界小说的一个评判标准，因此世界小说具有可读性和普世性两个参照标准。在此基础上，笔者对世界小说的其它特质，比如民族性和普世性的结合、小说内容与世界读者的相关性、作者的国际化视野与写作方式等方面倾注了思考，提出唯有走出文化政治的藩篱，尊重接受国读者的阅读习惯，以开放的心态包容、鼓励文化创造，中国当代文学才能以全新的形象走向世界。
Chinese literature is just a marginal existence in American readership market,which arouses widely concerns among Chinese intellectuals. Although the situationcan be easily attributed to the pride or arrogance prevailing in American readers due tothe leadership of the US in politics, economy and cultural industry, the characteristicsof American readership is worth our while studying, as China is ambitious anddetermined to push Chinese culture/literature to the center of the world. Unfortunately,there are still no insightful studies of American readership market, nor systematicstudies on the translation and reception of modern Chinese novels in the US. Thesegaps are aimed to fill in this dissertation.
Chapter1focuses on the cultural soils for the dissemination of Chinese novels inthe US. While sorting out the history of the reception of Chinese literature, the authortakes the critics on Chinese literature since1980s as raw materials from prestigiousnewspapers like New York Times and Washington Post, to extract American readers’perception of and attitude toward Chinese literary works and writers. According to thecomments about works and writers, especially the bestsellers as well as the novelsdiscussed in New York Times Book Review, we can also have a rough idea on theexisting knowledge and impression that American readers possibly have on Chineseliterature. To have a better idea of American readership market, a demographic surveyof readers’ interest in literary works based on the report by National Endowment forArts and the readers’ preference of literary genes based on Harris report are briefed.Besides, one of the important reasons for the marginal existence of Chinese literaturein America is addressed that American readers and publishers are indifferent totranslated works.
Chapter2elaborates on the objective relationships involved in the disseminationof modern Chinese literature in American literary field based on Pierre Bourdieu’stheory of field and capital. As the “manufacturers” in literary production,governmental and non-governmental organizations, academic institutes, translators,American publishers are summarized in terms of their achievements and limitations. Inaddition, sinologists’ roles in the introduction of Chinese modern novels are assessedregarding translation of literary works, edition of literary history and anthology, as well as other academic studies. Furthermore, the teaching of Chinese literature inAmerican university in respect of syllabus and textbook and class design, isintroduced.
Chapter3explores the factors that hinder the dissemination of modern Chineseliterature, including culture, ideology, poetics, readers’ psychology, etc. As the realityshows, the reception of a translation in a foreign country is decided more by the socialreality and cultural environment of the target country than by the original andtranslated texts. Through the reception of the bestsellers Life and Death in Shanghaiand Wild Swans: Three Daughters of China, various factors contributed to the successof these books are examined, including not only political, religious and poetic factorsbut also readers’ psychology and recommendations from publishers, mainstream media,literary and academic field. In order to bridge the differences between Chinese andWestern poetics and to meet the expectation of readability from publishers and generalreaders, rewriting during translation is argued both in the light of practice andtranslation theory such as German functional translation theories, cultural approach totranslation, and multi-system theory. What’s more, the principles and extent ofrewriting are also discussed.
On the basis of the findings in the previous chapters, Chapter4tries to answer thefollowing questions: in the era of globalization and consumerism, how can Chineseliterature be listed world literature and how to promote the international influence ofChinese literature? According to David Damrosch, a professor of Harvard University,world literature, a concept derives from Goethe, contains not only classic novels butnovels with worldwide readers, which specifies the two main features of worldliterature: universality and readability. Starting from this proposition, morecharacteristics of world novels, such as national elements, international horizon of theauthors and reader-oriented translation are discussed. It is believed that only bychanging the mindset that literature is a vehicle ridden with political purposes andnational image, by respecting the differences of target readership in individual country,and by embracing creation in cultural production, can Chinese literature goes globalwith a brand-new image.
引文
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3据统计，2007年全国图书、报纸、期刊累计进口2亿多美元，累计出口仅有3700多万美元；在版权贸易方面，2008年中国引进图书版权15776种，输出图书版权只有2440种.（载于《文化走出去，不差钱差翻译》，浙江日报2010年12月31日报道）另：据美国汉学家桑禀华介绍，2009年美国共翻译出版了348本文学新书，真正译自中文的文学作品只有7部。（载于《中国文学如何走出去》，中国作家网.2010-12-10.http://www.chinawriter.com.cn）
4中国文化走出去急需迈过翻译坎.人民日报海外版.2009-8-14.
5中国文化走出去急需迈过翻译坎.人民日报海外版.2009-8-14.
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1见附录2：马悦然访谈。
2http://mclc.osu.edu/rc/bib.htm.
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4《阿Q正传》于1921年出版，共有5个英文译本，另外三个译本分别为：1954年北京外文出版社出版的杨宪益和戴乃迭的译本，1977年诺顿出版社翻印此译本，1981年美国印第安纳大学出版社出版《鲁迅小说全集》，此译本收录于“Call to Arms”中；1990年美国夏威夷大学出版社出版的斯坦福大学中文教授威廉﹒莱尔的译本（收录于他的“Diary of a Madman and Other Stories”）;2009年企鹅经典丛书出版的伦敦大学中国文学与历史教授蓝诗玲（Julia Lovell)的译本(收录于她的“The Real Story of Ah-Q and Other Tales of China: TheComplete Fictions of Lu Xun”)
1小说是林语堂用英语写作的。
2该出版公司的创始人Richard J. Walsh是赛珍珠的第二任丈夫。赛珍珠和林语堂曾为好友，后因版税问题反目。
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5此书1974年才由美国麻省理工大学出版社出版。
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4吕敏宏.中国现当代小说在英语世界传播的背景、现状及译介模式.《小说评论》2011年5期
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2李永东，李雅博.论中国新时期文学的西方接受—以英语视界中的《狼图腾》为例[J].中国现代文学研究丛刊.2011(4).
3Wolfgang Kubin,Writers need more social conscience[N].China Daily,2010-10-9.另见：Wolfgang Kubin.从语言角度看中国当代文学[J].南京大学学报,2009(2):72-73.
4Bonnie S. McDougall. Fictional Authors, Imaginary Audiences: Modern Chinese Literature in the TwentiethCentury. The Chinese University of Hong Kong,2003.
1Lovell, Julia. Great Leap Forward [N]. The Guardian,2005-06-11
2葛浩文.“中国小说一天比一天好”.刘蓓蓓采访.《中国新闻出版报》.2008年3月26号第4版.木叶.葛浩文访谈录.学术中华.http://www.xschina.org/show.php?id=1197.2008年3月27日.另见附录里的访谈录。
1Wang Ning. Translated Modernities: Literary and Cultural Perspectives on Globalization and China. Toronto:Legas Publishing,2010.
2Wang Ning. Globalizing Chinese Literature: Toward a Rewriting of Contemporary Chinese Literary Culture.China’s Literary and Cultural Scenes at the Turn of the21st Century. Ed.Jie Lu. Routledge: London&New York,2008.
2How A Nation Engages With Art—Highlights from the2012Survey of Public Participation in the Arts.Washington, DC: National Endowment for the Arts,2013:27.
1Leopold Tyrmand. Chinese and U.S. Writers Find Little to Exchange[N]. Wall Street Journal.1982.8.25.
2Salisbury, Harrison E. On the Literary Road: American Writers in China[N]. New York Times.1985.1.20.LeopoldTyrmand.
3Christopher S. Wren. Peking Is Re-examining Role of the Arts[N]. New York Times.1981.12.29
4James P. Sterba. Peking Is Using a Writer’s Fame to Control Arts. New York Times.1981.9.30
5Reuters. Chinese Novelist is Elected Chairman of the Writers Union[N]. New York Times.1981.12.24
6Edward A. Gargan. Shen Congwen,85, a Champion Of Freedom for Writers in China[N].New YorkTimes.1988.5.13.
7Reuters. Hu Feng Is Dead at83; Chinese Literary Critic[N].New York Times.1985.6.12
8Peter Nazareth. Chinese Literature[N]. New York Times.1981.11.15
1Seymour Topping. Thaw and Freeze and Thaw again: The Cultural weather in China[N].New York Times.1987.12.27
2耿强.文学译介与中国文学“走向世界”—“熊猫丛书”英译中国文学研究[D].上海外国语大学，2010.
3Tyler, Patrick E. FILM; Who Makes the Rules in Chinese Movies?[N]. New York.1993.10.17
4Nicholas D. Kristof. China Takes Hard Line, Waging War on Words [N]. New York Times.1991.2.4.
1WuDunn, Sheryl.Perils of America as Seen in a Chinese Novel [N]. New York Times.1991.11.10.
2John H. Boyle.New Growth From China's Roots SPRING BAMBOO：A Collection of Contemporary ChineseShort Stories[N].Los Angeles Times.1989.4.23
1Nicholas D. Kristof. Writers in China Are Asked to Write, But Not Subversively [N]. New York Times.1990.9.17
2Yang, June Unjoo.Prometheus Unbound: China Pop[J]. A. Magazine.1995.11.30.
3Bernstein, Richard. Now China Has Its Soaps and Celebrity Authors [N].New York Times.1995.8.2.
1Pankaj Mishra. Call of the Wild[N]. New York Times Sunday Book Review.2008.5.4
2Jonathan Yardley.‘Big Breasts and Wide Hips’[N]. Washington Post.2004.11.28
3John Updike. Bitter Bamboo: Two novels from China[J]. New Yorker.2005.5.9
1Smith, Craig S. Sex, Lust, Drugs: Her Novel's Too Much for China[N]. New York Times.2000.5.11
2美国“垮掉的一代”的领袖诗人
360年代具有重要影响力的美国唱作人.
4Steamy Times Come to Chinese Films[N]. New York Times.2004.11.27
5King, Aventurina. China's Pop Fiction[N]. New York Times Book Review (May4,2008): BR.27.
6Chang, Leslie T. What do the most industrious people on earth read for fun?[J].New Yorker.2012.2.6
1Judith Shapiro. Scenes from the Kaleidoscope [N].New York Times.1987.10.13
2Geng Zhihui. Cultural Revolution Memoirs Written and Read in English: Image Formation, Reception andCounter-Narration [D]. ProQuest.2008
2French, Howard W. Survivors' Stories from China [N].New York Times.2009.8.25.
3Riding, Alan. Artistic Odyssey: Film to Fiction to Film [N].New York Times,27July2005.
4王斑：海外中国研究的冷战与东方主义余绪—在常熟理工学院“东吴讲堂”上的讲演[J].东吴学术.2012.12.6.
1Mills, Kay. Literature By Lode and By Lore[N]. Los Angeles Times.1985.8.25
2孔朝蓬.中国影视文化传播中的国家形象塑造与民族文化安全[J].华夏文化论坛.2012.8:214.
1Gayle Feldman. Best and Worst of Times: The Changing Business of Trade Books,1975~2002. ColumbiaUniversity’s National Arts Journalism Program,2003.
2How A Nation Engages With Art--Highlights from the2012Survey of Public Participation in the Arts.Washington, DC: National Endowment for the Arts,2013:25~27.http://arts.gov/sites/default/files/highlights-from-2012-SPPA.pdf
3MichailSkaliotis. Key Figures on Cultural Participation in the European Union. International Symposium onCulture Statistics, Montreal, October2002.http://www.scribd.com/doc/47114029/Skaliotis-Michail-Keys-Figures-on-Cultural-Participation-in-the-European-Union
4Bradshaw, Tom, and Bonnie Nichols. Reading at Risk: A Survey of Literary Reading in America (ResearchDivision Report#46). Washington, DC: National Endowment for the Arts,2004.
1Bradshaw, Tom, and Bonnie Nichols. Reading at Risk: A Survey of Literary Reading in America (ResearchDivision Report#46). Washington, DC: National Endowment for the Arts,2004:29
4How A Nation Engages With Art--Highlights from the2012Survey of Public Participation in the Arts.Washington, DC: National Endowment for the Arts,2013:27.
1Stephen King is America's Favorite Author. Mystery, Crime and Thriller Novels are the genre most read. HarrisInteractive.2010-10-10.http://www.harrisinteractive.com/NewsRoom/HarrisPolls/tabid/447/mid/1508/articleId/578/ctl/ReadCustom%20Default/Default.aspx
2Brooks, Wanda,&Savage, Lorraine. Critiques and Controversies of Street Literature: A Formidable LiteraryGenre [J]. THE ALAN REVIEW. Volume36, Number2.
1Bradshaw, Tom, and Bonnie Nichols. Reading at Risk: A Survey of Literary Reading in America (ResearchDivision Report#46). Washington, DC: National Endowment for the Arts,2004:15.
1John Updike. Bitter Bamboo: Two novels from China [J].New Yorker.2005-5-9.
2Lovell, Julia.Great Leap Forward [N]. The Guardian,2005-06-11.
1《一少二低三无名：中国当代文学在美国》[N].中华读书报.2011-1-12
2Sokoloff, Naomi. Lost in Translation: Why the Diaspora Ignores Israeli Literature; Translating Israel; ContemporaryHebrew Literature and Its Reception in America[N]. Forward. Forward Newspaper: New York, Jun21,2002
1《纽约时报书评》一百部年度图书中只有三本译著[N].中华读书报.2013-12-04，光明网.http://culture.gmw.cn/2013-12/04/content_9765684.htm
2Ibid.
3百分之零点七！美国作家为何十七年无缘诺贝尔奖.《中华读书报》2011-1-12(第4版).
4Kinzer, Stephen.America Yawns at Foreign Fiction [N].New York Times.26July2003
4Q. D. LEAVIS. Fiction and the Reading Public. London: CHATTO&WINDUS LONDON,1939.
1Q. D. LEAVIS. Fiction and the Reading Public. London: CHATTO&WINDUS LONDON,1939:28-29.
2Bonnie S. McDougall. Fictional Authors, Imaginary Audiences: Modern Chinese Literature in the TwentiethCentury. Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press,2003:37.
1Lawrence Venuti.Translation and the Formation of Cultural Identities, Cultural Functions of Translation, eds., byChristina Schaffner and Helen Kelly-Holmes. Multilingual Matters LTD.,1995:10.转引自耿强博士论文。
2布迪厄、华康德，《实践与反思》，李猛等译，中央编译出版社，1998：211.此处参考了耿强的博士论文68页。
3布迪厄，《文化资本与社会炼金术》，包亚明译，上海人民出版社，1997：189.此处参考了耿强的博士论文68页。
1绘制此图时参考了从耿强博士论文71页中转引的Institutions of the literary field in West-European countries（Van Rees and Vermunt1996:320）。
2葛浩文介绍说：“向出版社推销一本书前，他通常把书翻译出100页，再附上一篇长序。”（华慧.葛浩文谈中国当代文学在西方.东方早报2009-4-5. http://epaper.dfdaily.com/dfzb/html/2009-04/05/content_122968.htm）
1Michel Hocks.Recent Changes in Print Culture and the Advent of New Media.The Cambridge History of ChineseLiterature (from1937to Present)[M]. Kang-I Sun Chang ed. Cambridge University Press,2010:700~701.
2Q. D. LEAVIS. Fiction and the Reading Public. London: CHATTO&WINDUS LONDON,1939:22.
3When the BOMC was the BMOC: The Beginnings of the Book of the Month Clubhttp://www.newyorkboundbooks.com/tag/book-of-the-month-club/
4Book of the Month Club.维基百科.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_the_Month_Club
5华慧.葛浩文谈中国当代文学在西方.东方早报2009-4-5. http://epaper.dfdaily.com/dfzb/html/2009-04/05/content_122968.htm
1华慧.葛浩文谈中国当代文学在西方.东方早报2009-4-5. http://epaper.dfdaily.com/dfzb/html/2009-04/05/content_122968.htm
2Ibid.
3Ibid.
4Stuart Hall. Encoding and Decoding in the Television Discourse. Centre for Cultural Studies, University ofBirmingham.1973.
1耿强.文学译介与中国文学“走向世界”—“熊猫丛书”英译中国文学研究[D].上海外国语大学，2010:45.
5Perry Link. Book Review of the Panda Books, New York Times Book Review, July6,1986.转引自耿强博士论文，83页。
6Ibid.
7耿强.文学译介与中国文学“走向世界”—“熊猫丛书”英译中国文学研究[D].上海外国语大学,2010:54~55.
8耿强，64.
1Perry Link. Book Review of the Panda Books, New York Times Book Review, July6,1986.转引自耿强博士论文，83页。
2耿强.文学译介与中国文学“走向世界”—“熊猫丛书”英译中国文学研究[D].上海外国语大学,2010:84.
3Lee Ou-fan Leo. Under the Thumb of Man, New York Times Book Review, January18,1987.转引自耿强博士论文，84页.
4Ou-Fan Lee, Leo.Contemporary Chinese Literature in Translation--A Review Article [J].Journal of Asian Studies.1985-5-1.
3耿强.文学译介与中国文学“走向世界”—“熊猫丛书”英译中国文学研究[D].上海外国语大学，2010:29.
4Ibid.,30.
5Ibid.,53.
6春树. Pathlight照亮走出去的路[N].新周刊.第371期.2012-12-05.
2李舫.《人民文学》杂志推出英文版PATHLIGHT[N].《人民日报》.2011/12/9.
5刘昊.中国文学发动海外攻势,百余精品3年内出英文版.北京日报.2010-1-15.中国新闻网.http://www.chinanews.com/hwjy/news/2010/01-15/2073475.shtml
4王杨.译介传播：推动文学“走出去”[N].中国作家网.2010/8/13.http://www.chinawriter.com.cn
5孔慧怡.《译丛》三十年.香港文学.(Hong Kong Literary Monthly).2003-6-1.222期:80~81.
6参见《译丛》官网。
7孔慧怡.《译丛》三十年.香港文学.(Hong Kong Literary Monthly).2003-6-1.222期:80~81.
1Julia Lovell. Great Leap Forward[N]. The Guardian. June10,2005.
1吕敏宏.中国现当代小说在英语世界传播的背景、现状及译介模式[J].小说评论.2011(5).
2周海伦（Jo Lusby）.寻找中国的村上春树（上）新华社-瞭望东方周刊.2011年11月14日.http://www.sina.com.cn
5老外的中国情结：艾瑞克的文化“切换”.中国网china.com.cn.2008-01-25.http://www.china.com.cn/book/txt/2008-01/25/content_9590331.htm
6邵忠.文学浪潮的回归：邵忠读《天南》. http://www.chutzpahmagazine.com.cn/CnNewDetails.aspx?id=60
1见《Chutzpah!天南》的官方网站。http://en.chutzpahmagazine.com.cn/EnAbout.aspx
1《天南》停刊，名总编谈纯文学杂志怎么活.北京晚报.2014-2-26.
2Ibid.
3李舫.《人民文学》杂志推出英文版PATHLIGHT[N].《人民日报》.2011/12/9.
1葛浩文.中国现代文学研究的方向：从美国学者的研究谈起[M].弄斧集.台北：学英文化事业公司，1984.
2夏志清.中国现代小说史[M].香港中文大学出版社,2001.
3王德威.英语世界的现代文学研究之报告[J].张清芳译.海南师范大学学报(社会科学版).2007(3).
1Michael S. Duke, ed., Contemporary Chinese Literature: An Anthology of Post-Mao Fiction and Poetry. Armonk,NY: M.E. Sharpe,1984,1985,109-114.
2Michael S. Duke, ed., Worlds of Modern Chinese Fiction. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe,1991
3McDougall, Bonnie and Kam Louie.The Literature of China in the Twentieth Century. NY: Columbia UniversityPress,1997.
4Bonnie S. McDougall. Fictional Authors, Imaginary Audiences: Modern Chinese Literature in the TwentiethCentury. Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press,2003
3Bonnie S. McDougall. Fictional Authors, Imaginary Audiences: Modern Chinese Literature in the TwentiethCentury. Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press,2003：37
1Wolfgang Kubin,Writers need more social conscience[N].China Daily,2010-10-9.
2[德]顾彬.从语言角度看中国当代文学[J].南京大学学报社科版.2009(2).
3Wolfgang Kubin, Writers need more social conscience[N]. China Daily,2010-10-9.
4Ibid.
5Bonnie S. McDougall. Fictional Authors, Imaginary Audiences: Modern Chinese Literature in the TwentiethCentury. Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press,2003：28.
6Yu, Miles. Mr. Don’t Speak Speaks. The Washington Times.2012-10-18
1Jianguo Chen. The Aesthetics of the “Beyond”: Phantasm, Nostalgia, and the Literary Practice in ContemporaryChina[M]. Newwark: University of Delaware Press.
2Sheldon H. Lu. Chinese Modernity and Global Biopolitics: Studies in Literature and Visual Culture. Honolulu:University of Hawaii Press,2007:53~67.
3Xin Yang. From Beauty Fear to Beauty Fever: A Critical Study of Chinese Female Writers Born in the1970s. NewYork: Peter Lang,2011.
1Xudong Zhang. Chinese Modernism in the Era of Reforms: Cultural Fever, Avant-Garde Fiction, and the NewChinese Cinema[M]. Duke University Press,1997.
2Xiaomei Chen. A Theory of Counter-Discourse in Post-Mao China [M]. New York Oxford：Oxford UniversityPress,1995：48.
1Xiaoping Wang. Three Trends in Recent Studies of Modern Chinese Literature and Culture [J].China Perspectives.2009.4
2王宁.全球化、文化研究和中西比较文学研究[J].中国比较文学.2001(2)
3Ban Wang. Studies of Modern Chinese Literature.Jonathan D. Spence, ed. The Search For Modern China [M].New York: W. W. Norton&Company,1999:378~389
1Ban Wang. Studies of Modern Chinese Literature. Jonathan D. Spence, ed. The Search For Modern China [M].New York: W. W. Norton&Company,1999:378~389
2王德威.英语世界的现代文学研究之报告[J].张清芳译.海南师范大学学报(社会科学版)2007年第3期
1胡石龙.侨乡文化纵论.中国华侨出版社,2006:132.
2汪楚仁.美国大学教中文成风[N].环球时报.第十五版.2003-5-14.http://www.people.com.cn/GB/paper68/9188/853512.html.
2Stephen C. Coong and John Minford, eds., Trees on the Mountain: An Anthology of New Chinese Writing. HK:Chinese University Press,1984.
3Kai-yu Hsu, ed., Literature of the People's Republic of China. Bloomington: Indiana University Press,1980
4Joseph S. M. Lau and Howard Goldblatt, eds., The Columbia Anthology of Modern Chinese Literature. NY:Columbia UP,2007
1C.T. Hsia, et. al, eds., Modern Chinese Stories and Novellas,1919-1949. New York: Columbia University Press,1981.
2McDougall, Bonnie and Kam Louie.The Literature of China in the Twentieth Century. NY: Columbia UniversityPress,1997.
3Kirk A. Denton.Traveler's Literary Companions[M]. Whereabouts Press,2008.
4柯尔比学院网页. http://www.colby.edu/~kabesio/hell.html.
1王斑：海外中国研究的冷战与东方主义余绪—在常熟理工学院“东吴讲堂”上的讲演[J].东吴学术.2012-12-6
1John Updike. Bitter Bamboo: Two novels from China[J]. New Yorker.2005.5.9
1《狼图腾》勇闯中国小说国际书市“难卖”关.中国日报.2011-12-22.http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/zgzx/2009-09/08/content_8668314.htm
2Pankaj Mishra. Call of the Wild[N]. New York Times Sunday Book Review.2008.5.4
3Ibid.
4Goldblatt，Howard,“A MiManera: Howard Goldblatt at Home—A Self-Interview.”Chinese Literature Today [J].University of Oklahoma Press: Norman.2011（2）：97~104.
5Wolfgang Kubin,Writers need more social conscience[N].China Daily,2010-10-9.
6陈文芬.“黑孩的诗心:莫言中短篇小说的独特美感.”《明报月刊》[J].香港.2012(11):32
7刘再复.“中国大地上的野性呼唤.”《明报月刊》[J].香港.2012(11):48~49.
8刘再复.“中国大地上的野性呼唤.”《明报月刊》[J].香港.2012(11):48~49.
1Tatlow, Didi Kirsten. In3Awards,3Ways of Seeing China [N].The International Herald Tribune.2012-10-18.http://chinhdangvu.blogspot.com/2012/10/in-3-awards-3-ways-of-seeing-china.html
2Moore, Steven. China’s Mo Yan wins Nobel in Literature [N].2012-10-12. The Washington Post.http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-33758062.html
3李建军.直言莫言与诺奖[N].文学报.2013-1-10.
4陈思和.“莫言创作成就及其获奖意义.”《明报月刊》[J].香港.2012(11):27.
5John Updike. Bitter Bamboo: Two novels from China[J]. New Yorker.2005.5.9
6王侃.中国当代小说在北美的译介和批评[J].文学评论.2012(5):168.
1Judith Shapiro and Liang Heng. Letter from China–Young Writers Test the Limits[N].New York Times.1987.1.11
2Timothy Tung. Chinese Writers[N]. New York Times.1987.8.30
3这部小说曾因其性描写及其社会伦理问题引起争议。
4Seymour Topping. Thaw and Freeze and Thaw again: The Cultural weather in China[N].New York Times.1987.12.27
5Ben Blanchard. Chinese writers fail to find global voice.Reuters,2009-4-23.http://uk.reuters.com/article/2009/04/23/uk-china-literature-idUKTRE53M06620090423
6Barboza, David.A Portrait of China Running Amok.[N] New York Times.2006.9.4
12黄咏梅，陈霄.余华：中国记者捕风捉影混淆事实美国读者不知鲁迅.羊城晚报.2011-10-24Bernstein, Richard.BOOKS OF THE TIMES; Now China Has Its Soaps and Celebrity Authors [N].New YorkTimes.1995.8.2.
3崔艳秋.中国文学海外译介：读者导向及文化导向原则下的变通策略[J].译林.2011(10/12):161~170.
1胡韵涵.《金锁记》英译本为何反响不佳？安徽文学[J].2008(7)：290-291.
2曹顺庆.中西比较诗学修订版[M]北京：中国人民出版社,2010：233
3严歌苓解剖“宴会虫”灵感来自《焦点访谈》.北京文艺网.2009-11-18.http://www.artsbj.com/Html/news/zhzxzx/wx/81066693014954_2.html
4《狼图腾》勇闯中国小说国际书市“难卖”关.中国日报.2011-12-22.http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/zgzx/2009-09/08/content_8668314.htm
5[美]沈宁.中国文学距离世界有多远[J].海内与海外.2005(7):25~28.
1Tatlow, Didi Kirsten.“In3Awards,3Ways of Seeing China.”The International Herald Tribune[N].2012-10-18.http://chinhdangvu.blogspot.com/2012/10/in-3-awards-3-ways-of-seeing-china.html.
2Goldblatt，Howard,“A Mi Manera: Howard Goldblatt at Home—A Self-Interview.” Chinese Literature Today [J].University of Oklahoma Press: Norman.2011(2):97~104.
3周海伦（Jo Lusby）.寻找中国的村上春树（上）新华社-瞭望东方周刊.2011-11-14. http://www.sina.com.cn
4Yu Lintao. Literary Pens Sparkle--The eighth Mao Dun Literature Prize rewardsaccomplished writers. BeijingReview，2011.9.8:40~41.
1[美]沈宁.中国文学距离世界有多远[J].海内与海外.2005(7):25~28.
2Ibid.
3寒山是唐朝诗人，因其诗歌中的禅宗思想，体现的自由不羁的生活方式和人物形象，在美国的“垮掉的一代”和嬉皮士之间引起共鸣，在美国引起阅读风潮。见《试论斯奈德对寒山诗的译介和译作在美国的接受》，绵阳师范学院学报,vol29(12),2010.
1Geng Zhihui. Cultural Revolution Memoirs Written and Read in English: Image Formation, Reception andCounter-Narration[D]. ProQuest.2008
1John S. Service, foreword to “To the Storm: the Odyssey of a Revolutionary Chinese Woman”, by DaiyunYueand Carolyn Wakeman. Berkeley: University of California Press,1985:xiv （转译自耿志慧博士论文）
2Geng,105.
3http://stephenslighthouse.com/2010/09/04/u-s-book-consumer-demographics-bowker/
4Vivian Gornick, The situation and the Story: The Art of PersonnalNarrative.New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux,2001:89.（转译自耿志慧博士论文）
5Krivitsky, W.G. I Was Stalin’s Agent. London: H. Hamilton,1939.
6Kravchenko, Victor. I Choose Freedom: A Personal and Political Life a Soviet Official. New York: C. Scribner’sSons,1946.
2McDOWELL, EDWIN. Memoirs of a Chinese,71,Selected by Book Club. New York Times[N],1986.12.16.
3Nien Cheng. Life and Death In Shanghai[M]. New York: Grove Press.1986
3辜正坤.中西文化比较导论[M].北京：北京大学出版社.2007:125.
1Barme, Geremie. A Cadre School Life: Six Chapters[M]. Hongkong: Joint Publishing Co.,1982.
2Howard Goldblatt. Six Chapters from My Life Downunder[M]. Hong Kong: Renditions,1981.Goldblatt, Howard. Six Chapters from My Life “Downunder”[M]. Seattle and London: University of WashingtonPress,1984.
1Edward Gunn.“A Cadre School Life: Six Chapters.by Yang Jiang. Translated by GeremieBerme. Six Chaptersfrom My Life "Downunder."By Yang Jiang.Translated by Howard Goldblatt”[J]. Modern Chinese Language andCulture.Volume2, Number1(Spring1986)
2Djang, Chu. Six Chapters of Life in a Cadre School [M]. Frederick: Westview Press,1986.
3https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/164353.Chiang_Yang.
4http://www.amazon.com/Six-Chapters-My-Life-Downunder/dp/0295966440/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1394194433&sr=8-1&keywords=six+chapters+of+my+life+downunder
2[美]金介甫（Jeffrey C.Kinkley）.(查明建译).中国文学(1949－1999)的英译本出版情况述评(一)[J].《当代作家评论》，2006年第3期.
1Chang, Jung. Wild Swans: Three Daughters of China [M]. New York: Simon&Schuster,1991.
2Geng，74.
2James D. Seymour, Review of Wild Swans, by Jung Chang, Library Journal[J], September1,1991,205.（转译自耿志慧博士论文）
3Geng,76.
4Judith Shapiro,“Concubines and Cadres,” Review of Wild Swans, by Jung Chang. The Washington Post,September8,1991, Final Edition.（转译自耿志慧博士论文）
5http://www.amazon.com/Wild-Swans-Three-Daughters-China/dp/0743246985/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1394292976&sr=8-1&keywords=wild+swans+three+daughters+of+china
3Helen M. Buss, Repossessing the World: Reading Memoirs by Contemporary Women. Waterloo: Wilfrid LaurierUniversity Press,2002.（转译自耿志慧博士论文）
1Ellen Shull,“Living History with Asian Woman: A Review of Two Recent Books,” review of Wild Swans andStill Lift with Rice, The English Journal, Vol.86, No.4, Literary Festival.(Apr.,1997),85-86hh （转译自耿志慧博士论文）
2James Caryn,“Reading: Books to Free the Minds of the Winterbound,” Review of Wild Swans, by Jung Chang,The New York Times, December15,1991, A10.5（转译自耿志慧博士论文）)
1Judith Shapiro,“Concubines and Cadres,” Review of Wild Swans, by Jung Chang. The Washington Post,September8,1991, Final Edition.（转译自耿志慧博士论文）
2Ibid.
3Steven W. Mosher, review of Wild Swans: Three Daughters of China, by Jung Chang, The Washington Times,September22,1991, Sunday, Final Edition, B8.（转译自耿志慧博士论文）
4Geng,99.
5Richard King, Review of Thirty Years in a Red House: A memoir of Childhood and Youth in Communist China,by Xiaodi Zhu. China Review International, Vol.7, No.1, Spring2000,281-3.（转译自耿志慧博士论文）
6http://book.douban.com/review/3299231
7Ibid.
8Chang, Jung,&Jon Halliday. Mao: The Unknown Story. New York: Alfred A. Knopf,2005.
1Cheek, Timothy.“The New Number One Counter-Revolutionary inside the Party: Academic Biographu as MassCriticism.” The China Journal (55):110,118（转译自耿志慧博士论文）
1宋炳辉.“谢天振宋炳辉：关于译介学研究的对话”.引自苏州大学海外汉学(中国文学)研究中心网站.2009-12-06. http://www.zwwhgx.com/content.asp?id=2940
2Chitralekha Basu.Right to Rewrite? China Daily.2011-8-19.http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/cndy/2011-08/19/content_13146218.htm
3Ge, H. A mi manera: Howard Goldblatt at home—a self-interview. Chinese Literature Today [J].2012.2(1):97~104.
1Ge, H. A mi manera: Howard Goldblatt at home—a self-interview. Chinese Literature Today [J].2012.2(1):97~104.
1谢天振.译介学[M].上海外语教育出版社,1999.
2Stuart Hall,“Encoding, Decoding”, in Simon During (ed.), The Cultural Studies Reader. Routledge,1999.
3[英]杰里米·芒迪.李德凤等译.翻译学导论—理论与实践[M].北京：商务印书馆，2007：113.
1张美芳，王克非.译有所为—功能翻译理论阐释[M].外语与教学研究出版社，2005：166-167.
2[英]杰里米·芒迪.李德凤等译.翻译学导论—理论与实践[M].北京：商务印书馆，2007：155.
3Ibid.,158.
4王宏志."暴力的行为”—晚清翻译外国小说的行为及模式.重释”信、达、雅”—20世纪中国翻译研究.[M]清华大学出版社:北京.2007:159~189.
5Andre Lefevere. Translation, Rewriting, and the Manipulation of Literary Fame. London and New York:Routledge.1992.
6杰里米·芒迪.李德凤等译.翻译学导论—理论与实践[M].北京：商务印书馆，2007：180。
7Susan Bassnett andAndreLefevere. Constructing Culture: Essays on Literary Translation.Clevedon&London:Multilingual Matters Ltd.1998:133.
1Andre Lefevere. Translation, Rewriting, and the Manipulation of Literary Fame. London and New York:Routledge.1992.
2Xiaomei Chen. A Theory of Counter-Discourse in Post-Mao China [M]. New York Oxford：Oxford UniversityPress,1995：49~56.
1吕俊.翻译研究：从文本理论到权力话语[J].四川外国语学报.2001(1):109.
2王杨.译介传播：推动文学“走出去”.中国作家网.2010-8-13. http://www.chinawriter.com.cn.
3Toury. Descriptive Translation Studies and Beyond.1995:13
4杰里米·芒迪.李德凤等译.翻译学导论—理论与实践[M].北京：商务印书馆，2007:267~274.
1杰里米·芒迪.李德凤等译.翻译学导论—理论与实践[M].北京：商务印书馆，2007：222。
2[德]Wolfgang Kubin.从语言角度看中国当代文学[J].南京大学学报,2009(2):72-73.
3周海伦（Jo Lusby）.寻找中国的村上春树（上）新华社-瞭望东方周刊.2011-11-14. http://www.sina.com.cn
4吕敏宏.论葛浩文中国现当代小说译介.小说评论.2002(5):8.
1英文版《狼图腾》上市两周热销量居榜首.燕赵都市报.2008-3-26.http://www.chinanews.com/cul/news/2008/03-26/1203548.shtml
2Ibid.
3英文版《狼图腾》热销.东南快报.2008-3-31. http://yule.sohu.com/20080321/n255826719.shtml
4《狼图腾》勇闯中国小说国际书市“难卖”关.China Daily.2011-12-22.http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/zgzx/2009-09/08/content_8668314.htm
5一少二低三无名：中国当代文学在美国[N].中华读书报.2011.1.12.
1Ge, H. A mi manera: Howard Goldblatt at home—a self-interview. Chinese Literature Today [J].2012.2(1):97~104.
2Chitralekha Basu.Right to Rewrite?[N].China Daily.2011-8-19.http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/cndy/2011-08/19/content_13146218.htm
3Ge, H. A mi manera: Howard Goldblatt at home—a self-interview. Chinese Literature Today [J].2012.2(1):97~104.
4吕敏宏.论葛浩文中国现当代小说译介[J].小说评论.2002(5).
1申丹,韩加明,王丽亚.英美小说叙事理论研究.北京:北京大学出版社，2005：119.
2刘绍铭.翻译与归化[J].时代周报.169期.2012-02-23.
1Wasserstrom, J. China’s Orwell[J]. TIME.2009-12-7.
2寇志明（Jon Eugene Von Kowallis）.“因为鲁迅的书还是好卖”:关于鲁迅小说的英文翻译.鲁迅研究月刊[J].北京：北京鲁迅博物馆.2013(2):38-50.
2段峰.苏珊巴斯内特文学翻译思想述评.四川大学学报（哲社版）[J].2006(2):92
3Robinson, Douglas. Translation and Empire: Postcolonial Theories Explained [M]. Beijing: Foreign LanguageTeaching and Research Press.2007：50.
4黄开甲.莱尔《阿Q正传》译本中的解殖民策略[D].湖南大学.2011.
1Lu Xun.The Real Story of Ah-Q and Other Tales of China: The Complete Fiction of Lu Xun(translated by JuliaLovell)[M]. Londen: Penguin Classics.2009：xliv-xlv
2寇志明（Jon Eugene Von Kowallis）.“因为鲁迅的书还是好卖”:关于鲁迅小说的英文翻译.鲁迅研究月刊[J].北京：北京鲁迅博物馆.2013(2):39.
2Lu Xun.Diary of a Madman and Other Stories (Translated by William A Lyell)[M].Honolulu: University of HawaiiPress.1990:xl.
3Ibid.,124.
4Lu Xun.Call to Arms(杨宪益戴乃迭译)[M].北京:外文出版社.2010:163.
1Lu Xun.The Real Story of Ah-Q and Other Tales of China: The Complete Fiction of Lu Xun (translated by JuliaLovell)[M]. London: Penguin Classics.2009:93.
2Ibid.,xliv.
3Ibid.
4刘重德.西方译论研究[M].北京：中国对外翻译出版公司.2003:160.
1刘重德.西方译论研究[M].北京：中国对外翻译出版公司.2003:12.
1寇志明（Jon Eugene Von Kowallis）.“因为鲁迅的书还是好卖”:关于鲁迅小说的英文翻译.鲁迅研究月刊[J].北京：北京鲁迅博物馆.2013(2):44.
2Ibid.
3刘重德.西方译论研究[M].北京：中国对外翻译出版公司.2003:26.
1申丹,韩加明,王丽亚.英美小说叙事理论研究.北京:北京大学出版社，2005：119
1Ge, H. A mi manera: Howard Goldblatt at home—a self-interview. Chinese Literature Today [J].2012.2(1):97~104.
2谢天振.翻译的理论建构和文化透视[M].上海：上海外语教育出版社.2000：340.
3叶维廉.众数歌唱—欧美现代诗100首[M].北京：人民文学出版社.2009:7.
1Wang Ning. Globalizing Chinese Literature: Toward a Rewriting of Contemporary Chinese Literary Culture.China’s Literary and Cultural Scenes at the Turn of the21st Century. Ed.Jie Lu. Routledge: London&New York,2008.
2简·布朗.歌德与“世界文学”[J].学术月刊.2007.6.
3Ibid.
4什么是世界文学？—王宁对话戴维·戴姆拉什.中华读书报.2010.9.8
1Gideon Toury. Descriptive Translation Studies and Beyond. Amsterdam/Philadelpjia: John Benjamins,1995:24-25.
2Hongtao, Liu: World Literature and China in a Global Age: Selected Papers of International Conference on "WorldLiterature Today and China"[J]. Chinese Literature Today.(1:1)[Summer2010], p.101-103.
3简·布朗.歌德与“世界文学”[J].学术月刊.2007.6.
4Ibid.
5Ban Wang. Studies of Modern Chinese Literature.Jonathan D. Spence, ed. The Search For Modern China [M].New York: W. W. Norton&Company,1999:384.
1Hongtao, Liu: World Literature and China in a Global Age: Selected Papers of International Conference on "WorldLiterature Today and China"[J]. Chinese Literature Today.(1:1)[Summer2010], p.101-103.
2白杨，刘红英.民族性·世界性·人类性：莫言小说的核心质素与诗学启示[J].同济大学学报（社会科学版）.第24卷第5期.2013(10):100.
1辜正坤.中西文化比较导论[M].北京：北京大学出版社.2007:125.
1史铁生.读洪峰小说有感[J].当代作家评论.1988(1).
1邢灵君.村上春树在中国—当代中国文学思潮下的村上热初探[J].西北大学学报（哲学社会科学版）,2005(02)
2毛丹青.村上春树得以全球畅销的理由[N].中国新闻网.(摘编自日本新华侨报网文).2013-7-29http://www.chinanews.com/hb/2013/07-29/5097392.shtml.
3罗屿.中国好作家很多，但行销太可怜[N].新世纪周刊.2008-3-27. http://www.sina.com.cn
4柯宇倩.裘小龙扭转西方人对华人的刻板印象.明镜网.2012-5-31
1萧高彦.“文化政治”的魅力与贫困--评《全球化时代的文化认同：西方普遍主义话语的历史批判》[J].社会科学论坛.2007.4（上）.
22013中国当代优秀作品国际翻译大赛.中国网.http://news.china.com.cn/citc/node_7189956.htm
1萧高彦.“文化政治”的魅力与贫困--评《全球化时代的文化认同：西方普遍主义话语的历史批判》[J].社会科学论坛.2007.4（上）.
1耿强.文学译介与中国文学“走向世界”—“熊猫丛书”英译中国文学研究[D].上海外国语大学，2010:47.
2Ibid.,28
3Julia Lovell. Great Leap Forward. The Guardian. June10,2005.
4[域外]企鹅经典文库首次收入中国小说.东方早报.2005-6-24.
1Julia Lovell. Great Leap Forward. The Guardian. June10,2005.
2[美]金介甫（Jeffrey C.Kinkley）查明建译.中国文学(1949－1999)的英译本出版情况述评（一）[J].当代作家评论.2006(3).
3于丽丽.韩寒下月推巨型科普书[N].腾讯网.2012.10.16http://news.qq.com/a/20121016/000306.htm?pgv_ref=aio2012&ptlang=2052
4The Generation: Dispatches from China's Most Popular Literary Star (and Race Car Driver). Tr. Alan Barr.NY:Simon and Schuster,2012.
5于丽丽.韩寒下月推巨型科普书[N].腾讯网.2012.10.16http://news.qq.com/a/20121016/000306.htm?pgv_ref=aio2012&ptlang=2052
1参见《当代中国语言与文化》杂志网页：http://mclc.osu.edu/rc/bib2.htm#H
2Ibid.
3http://www.amazon.com/This-Generation-Dispatches-Popular-Literary/dp/1451660014
4Ibid.
5Ibid.
6王臻青.中国小说如何走出去.辽宁日报2012-9-4.http://epaper.lnd.com.cn/html/lnrb/20120904/lnrb1062635.html
1柯宇倩.裘小龙扭转西方人对华人的刻板印象.明镜网.2012-5-31
2郭晓橹的《恋人版中英詞典》讲述了一名中国女孩在英国的学习与生活经历，是关于语言、身份和文化碰撞的新颖小说，该书曾入围2007英国橘子文学奖的候选名单，2013年，郭小橹入选《格兰塔》杂志“英国最佳青年小說家之一”。（郭晓橹：我们的阅读习惯太美国化，美国文学被高估[N].新京报.2014-1-26.http://big5.xinhuanet.com/gate/big5/news.xinhuanet.com/book/2014-01/26/c_126061608.htm）
1《北京晨报》的一篇文章《马悦然：未读“莫言”莫言评论》，对上述问题有进一步回答，“马悦然表示，中国文学早就纳入了世界文学，但是因为翻译成外文的著作有影响力的还比较少。莫言可能是中国译成外文最多的作者之一，所以莫言的那些著作帮助中国文学走向世界文学”。（刘婷，北京晨报，2012/2/12）
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2一少二低三无名：中国当代文学在美国[N].中华读书报.2011-1-12.
3据统计，2007年全国图书、报纸、期刊累计进口2亿多美元，累计出口仅有3700多万美元；在版权贸易方面，2008年中国引进图书版权15776种，输出图书版权只有2440种.（载于《文化走出去，不差钱差翻译》，浙江日报2010年12月31日报道）另：据美国汉学家桑禀华介绍，2009年美国共翻译出版了348本文学新书，真正译自中文的文学作品只有7部。（载于《中国文学如何走出去》，中国作家网.2010-12-10.http://www.chinawriter.com.cn）
4中国文化走出去急需迈过翻译坎.人民日报海外版.2009-8-14.
5中国文化走出去急需迈过翻译坎.人民日报海外版.2009-8-14.
6OU-FAN LEE, LEO.Contemporary Chinese Literature in Translation--A Review Article [J].Journal of AsianStudies.1985-5-1.
1见附录2：马悦然访谈。
2http://mclc.osu.edu/rc/bib.htm.
3岳峰.东学西渐第一人——被遗忘的翻译家陈季同[J].中国翻译，2001(4):54-57.
4《阿Q正传》于1921年出版，共有5个英文译本，另外三个译本分别为：1954年北京外文出版社出版的杨宪益和戴乃迭的译本，1977年诺顿出版社翻印此译本，1981年美国印第安纳大学出版社出版《鲁迅小说全集》，此译本收录于“Call to Arms”中；1990年美国夏威夷大学出版社出版的斯坦福大学中文教授威廉﹒莱尔的译本（收录于他的“Diary of a Madman and Other Stories”）;2009年企鹅经典丛书出版的伦敦大学中国文学与历史教授蓝诗玲（Julia Lovell)的译本(收录于她的“The Real Story of Ah-Q and Other Tales of China: TheComplete Fictions of Lu Xun”)
1小说是林语堂用英语写作的。
2该出版公司的创始人Richard J. Walsh是赛珍珠的第二任丈夫。赛珍珠和林语堂曾为好友，后因版税问题反目。
3Bonnie S. McDougall. Fictional Authors, Imaginary Audiences: Modern Chinese Literature in the TwentiethCentury. Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press,2003:37.
4该书于1982年由哥伦比亚出版社再版，汉学家金介甫(Jeffrey Kinkley)编辑的《不完美的天堂：沈从文小说》（In Imperfect Paradise: Stories by Shen Congwen），1995年由夏威夷出版社出版。
5此书1974年才由美国麻省理工大学出版社出版。
6耿强.文学译介与中国文学“走向世界”—“熊猫丛书”英译中国文学研究[D].上海外国语大学，2010：14.
1以上资料参考了俄亥俄大学整理的现代文学英译本书籍。http://mclc.osu.edu/rc/bib.htm
2吴旸.“《中国文学》的诞生”,载于《中国外文局五十年：回忆录》，新星出版社，1999:488-492.
3引自浙江师范大学人文学院中国现当代文学海外研究所。http://imcclgc.zjnu.edu.cn/show. aspx?id=54&cid=104
4吕敏宏.中国现当代小说在英语世界传播的背景、现状及译介模式.《小说评论》2011年5期
5于爽：汉籍小说在当代的译介（1950-1978）［J］。语文学刊，2008年第12期，第103页。
6吴旸.“《中国文学》的诞生”一文中详细介绍了杂志的来龙去脉，读者可以参考。载《中国外文局五十年：回忆录》，新星出版社，1999年，第488-492页。（转引自耿强博士论文）
7耿强.文学译介与中国文学“走向世界”—“熊猫丛书”英译中国文学研究[D]，2010.
8金介甫.中国文学(1949－1999)的英译本出版情况述评[J].查明建译.当代作家评论.2006年第3期.
1耿强.文学译介与中国文学“走向世界”—“熊猫丛书”英译中国文学研究[D]，2010：44.
2耿强,46.
3Ou-Fan Lee, Leo. Contemporary Chinese Literature in Translation--A Review Article [J].Journal of AsianStudies.1985-5-1.
4耿强,52.
5耿强,83.
6耿强,54~55.
7耿强,88.
8耿强,53.
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2胡锦涛在党的十七大上的报告.新华社.2007-10-24.
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1王宏志.重释”信、达、雅”—20世纪中国翻译研究.清华大学出版社:北京.2007.
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5布迪厄,包亚明译.文化资本与社会炼金术[M].上海人民出版社，1997:189.
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2Lawrence Venuti.Translation and the Formation of Cultural Identities, Cultural Functions of Translation, eds., byChristina Schaffner and Helen Kelly-Holmes.Multilingual Matters LTD.,1995:10
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9王家平.鲁迅域外百年传播史:1909-2008.北京大学出版社.2009
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11刘江凯.本土性、民族性的世界写作—莫言的海外传播与接受[J].当代作家评论.2011.4
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2李永东，李雅博.论中国新时期文学的西方接受—以英语视界中的《狼图腾》为例[J].中国现代文学研究丛刊.2011(4).
3Wolfgang Kubin,Writers need more social conscience[N].China Daily,2010-10-9.另见：Wolfgang Kubin.从语言角度看中国当代文学[J].南京大学学报,2009(2):72-73.
4Bonnie S. McDougall. Fictional Authors, Imaginary Audiences: Modern Chinese Literature in the TwentiethCentury. The Chinese University of Hong Kong,2003.
1Lovell, Julia. Great Leap Forward [N]. The Guardian,2005-06-11
2葛浩文.“中国小说一天比一天好”.刘蓓蓓采访.《中国新闻出版报》.2008年3月26号第4版.木叶.葛浩文访谈录.学术中华.http://www.xschina.org/show.php?id=1197.2008年3月27日.另见附录里的访谈录。
1Wang Ning. Translated Modernities: Literary and Cultural Perspectives on Globalization and China. Toronto:Legas Publishing,2010.
2Wang Ning. Globalizing Chinese Literature: Toward a Rewriting of Contemporary Chinese Literary Culture.China’s Literary and Cultural Scenes at the Turn of the21st Century. Ed.Jie Lu. Routledge: London&New York,2008.
2How A Nation Engages With Art—Highlights from the2012Survey of Public Participation in the Arts.Washington, DC: National Endowment for the Arts,2013:27.
1Leopold Tyrmand. Chinese and U.S. Writers Find Little to Exchange[N]. Wall Street Journal.1982.8.25.
2Salisbury, Harrison E. On the Literary Road: American Writers in China[N]. New York Times.1985.1.20.LeopoldTyrmand.
3Christopher S. Wren. Peking Is Re-examining Role of the Arts[N]. New York Times.1981.12.29
4James P. Sterba. Peking Is Using a Writer’s Fame to Control Arts. New York Times.1981.9.30
5Reuters. Chinese Novelist is Elected Chairman of the Writers Union[N]. New York Times.1981.12.24
6Edward A. Gargan. Shen Congwen,85, a Champion Of Freedom for Writers in China[N].New YorkTimes.1988.5.13.
7Reuters. Hu Feng Is Dead at83; Chinese Literary Critic[N].New York Times.1985.6.12
8Peter Nazareth. Chinese Literature[N]. New York Times.1981.11.15
1Seymour Topping. Thaw and Freeze and Thaw again: The Cultural weather in China[N].New York Times.1987.12.27
2耿强.文学译介与中国文学“走向世界”—“熊猫丛书”英译中国文学研究[D].上海外国语大学，2010.
3Tyler, Patrick E. FILM; Who Makes the Rules in Chinese Movies?[N]. New York.1993.10.17
4Nicholas D. Kristof. China Takes Hard Line, Waging War on Words [N]. New York Times.1991.2.4.
1WuDunn, Sheryl.Perils of America as Seen in a Chinese Novel [N]. New York Times.1991.11.10.
2John H. Boyle.New Growth From China's Roots SPRING BAMBOO：A Collection of Contemporary ChineseShort Stories[N].Los Angeles Times.1989.4.23
1Nicholas D. Kristof. Writers in China Are Asked to Write, But Not Subversively [N]. New York Times.1990.9.17
2Yang, June Unjoo.Prometheus Unbound: China Pop[J]. A. Magazine.1995.11.30.
3Bernstein, Richard. Now China Has Its Soaps and Celebrity Authors [N].New York Times.1995.8.2.
1Pankaj Mishra. Call of the Wild[N]. New York Times Sunday Book Review.2008.5.4
2Jonathan Yardley.‘Big Breasts and Wide Hips’[N]. Washington Post.2004.11.28
3John Updike. Bitter Bamboo: Two novels from China[J]. New Yorker.2005.5.9
1Smith, Craig S. Sex, Lust, Drugs: Her Novel's Too Much for China[N]. New York Times.2000.5.11
2美国“垮掉的一代”的领袖诗人
360年代具有重要影响力的美国唱作人.
4Steamy Times Come to Chinese Films[N]. New York Times.2004.11.27
5King, Aventurina. China's Pop Fiction[N]. New York Times Book Review (May4,2008): BR.27.
6Chang, Leslie T. What do the most industrious people on earth read for fun?[J].New Yorker.2012.2.6
1Judith Shapiro. Scenes from the Kaleidoscope [N].New York Times.1987.10.13
2Geng Zhihui. Cultural Revolution Memoirs Written and Read in English: Image Formation, Reception andCounter-Narration [D]. ProQuest.2008
2French, Howard W. Survivors' Stories from China [N].New York Times.2009.8.25.
3Riding, Alan. Artistic Odyssey: Film to Fiction to Film [N].New York Times,27July2005.
4王斑：海外中国研究的冷战与东方主义余绪—在常熟理工学院“东吴讲堂”上的讲演[J].东吴学术.2012.12.6.
1Mills, Kay. Literature By Lode and By Lore[N]. Los Angeles Times.1985.8.25
2孔朝蓬.中国影视文化传播中的国家形象塑造与民族文化安全[J].华夏文化论坛.2012.8:214.
1Gayle Feldman. Best and Worst of Times: The Changing Business of Trade Books,1975~2002. ColumbiaUniversity’s National Arts Journalism Program,2003.
2How A Nation Engages With Art--Highlights from the2012Survey of Public Participation in the Arts.Washington, DC: National Endowment for the Arts,2013:25~27.http://arts.gov/sites/default/files/highlights-from-2012-SPPA.pdf
3MichailSkaliotis. Key Figures on Cultural Participation in the European Union. International Symposium onCulture Statistics, Montreal, October2002.http://www.scribd.com/doc/47114029/Skaliotis-Michail-Keys-Figures-on-Cultural-Participation-in-the-European-Union
4Bradshaw, Tom, and Bonnie Nichols. Reading at Risk: A Survey of Literary Reading in America (ResearchDivision Report#46). Washington, DC: National Endowment for the Arts,2004.
1Bradshaw, Tom, and Bonnie Nichols. Reading at Risk: A Survey of Literary Reading in America (ResearchDivision Report#46). Washington, DC: National Endowment for the Arts,2004:29
4How A Nation Engages With Art--Highlights from the2012Survey of Public Participation in the Arts.Washington, DC: National Endowment for the Arts,2013:27.
1Stephen King is America's Favorite Author. Mystery, Crime and Thriller Novels are the genre most read. HarrisInteractive.2010-10-10.http://www.harrisinteractive.com/NewsRoom/HarrisPolls/tabid/447/mid/1508/articleId/578/ctl/ReadCustom%20Default/Default.aspx
2Brooks, Wanda,&Savage, Lorraine. Critiques and Controversies of Street Literature: A Formidable LiteraryGenre [J]. THE ALAN REVIEW. Volume36, Number2.
1Bradshaw, Tom, and Bonnie Nichols. Reading at Risk: A Survey of Literary Reading in America (ResearchDivision Report#46). Washington, DC: National Endowment for the Arts,2004:15.
1John Updike. Bitter Bamboo: Two novels from China [J].New Yorker.2005-5-9.
2Lovell, Julia.Great Leap Forward [N]. The Guardian,2005-06-11.
1《一少二低三无名：中国当代文学在美国》[N].中华读书报.2011-1-12
2Sokoloff, Naomi. Lost in Translation: Why the Diaspora Ignores Israeli Literature; Translating Israel; ContemporaryHebrew Literature and Its Reception in America[N]. Forward. Forward Newspaper: New York, Jun21,2002
1《纽约时报书评》一百部年度图书中只有三本译著[N].中华读书报.2013-12-04，光明网.http://culture.gmw.cn/2013-12/04/content_9765684.htm
2Ibid.
3百分之零点七！美国作家为何十七年无缘诺贝尔奖.《中华读书报》2011-1-12(第4版).
4Kinzer, Stephen.America Yawns at Foreign Fiction [N].New York Times.26July2003
4Q. D. LEAVIS. Fiction and the Reading Public. London: CHATTO&WINDUS LONDON,1939.
1Q. D. LEAVIS. Fiction and the Reading Public. London: CHATTO&WINDUS LONDON,1939:28-29.
2Bonnie S. McDougall. Fictional Authors, Imaginary Audiences: Modern Chinese Literature in the TwentiethCentury. Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press,2003:37.
1Lawrence Venuti.Translation and the Formation of Cultural Identities, Cultural Functions of Translation, eds., byChristina Schaffner and Helen Kelly-Holmes. Multilingual Matters LTD.,1995:10.转引自耿强博士论文。
2布迪厄、华康德，《实践与反思》，李猛等译，中央编译出版社，1998：211.此处参考了耿强的博士论文68页。
3布迪厄，《文化资本与社会炼金术》，包亚明译，上海人民出版社，1997：189.此处参考了耿强的博士论文68页。
1绘制此图时参考了从耿强博士论文71页中转引的Institutions of the literary field in West-European countries（Van Rees and Vermunt1996:320）。
2葛浩文介绍说：“向出版社推销一本书前，他通常把书翻译出100页，再附上一篇长序。”（华慧.葛浩文谈中国当代文学在西方.东方早报2009-4-5. http://epaper.dfdaily.com/dfzb/html/2009-04/05/content_122968.htm）
1Michel Hocks.Recent Changes in Print Culture and the Advent of New Media.The Cambridge History of ChineseLiterature (from1937to Present)[M]. Kang-I Sun Chang ed. Cambridge University Press,2010:700~701.
2Q. D. LEAVIS. Fiction and the Reading Public. London: CHATTO&WINDUS LONDON,1939:22.
3When the BOMC was the BMOC: The Beginnings of the Book of the Month Clubhttp://www.newyorkboundbooks.com/tag/book-of-the-month-club/
4Book of the Month Club.维基百科.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_the_Month_Club
5华慧.葛浩文谈中国当代文学在西方.东方早报2009-4-5. http://epaper.dfdaily.com/dfzb/html/2009-04/05/content_122968.htm
1华慧.葛浩文谈中国当代文学在西方.东方早报2009-4-5. http://epaper.dfdaily.com/dfzb/html/2009-04/05/content_122968.htm
2Ibid.
3Ibid.
4Stuart Hall. Encoding and Decoding in the Television Discourse. Centre for Cultural Studies, University ofBirmingham.1973.
1耿强.文学译介与中国文学“走向世界”—“熊猫丛书”英译中国文学研究[D].上海外国语大学，2010:45.
5Perry Link. Book Review of the Panda Books, New York Times Book Review, July6,1986.转引自耿强博士论文，83页。
6Ibid.
7耿强.文学译介与中国文学“走向世界”—“熊猫丛书”英译中国文学研究[D].上海外国语大学,2010:54~55.
8耿强，64.
1Perry Link. Book Review of the Panda Books, New York Times Book Review, July6,1986.转引自耿强博士论文，83页。
2耿强.文学译介与中国文学“走向世界”—“熊猫丛书”英译中国文学研究[D].上海外国语大学,2010:84.
3Lee Ou-fan Leo. Under the Thumb of Man, New York Times Book Review, January18,1987.转引自耿强博士论文，84页.
4Ou-Fan Lee, Leo.Contemporary Chinese Literature in Translation--A Review Article [J].Journal of Asian Studies.1985-5-1.
3耿强.文学译介与中国文学“走向世界”—“熊猫丛书”英译中国文学研究[D].上海外国语大学，2010:29.
4Ibid.,30.
5Ibid.,53.
6春树. Pathlight照亮走出去的路[N].新周刊.第371期.2012-12-05.
2李舫.《人民文学》杂志推出英文版PATHLIGHT[N].《人民日报》.2011/12/9.
5刘昊.中国文学发动海外攻势,百余精品3年内出英文版.北京日报.2010-1-15.中国新闻网.http://www.chinanews.com/hwjy/news/2010/01-15/2073475.shtml
4王杨.译介传播：推动文学“走出去”[N].中国作家网.2010/8/13.http://www.chinawriter.com.cn
5孔慧怡.《译丛》三十年.香港文学.(Hong Kong Literary Monthly).2003-6-1.222期:80~81.
6参见《译丛》官网。
7孔慧怡.《译丛》三十年.香港文学.(Hong Kong Literary Monthly).2003-6-1.222期:80~81.
1Julia Lovell. Great Leap Forward[N]. The Guardian. June10,2005.
1吕敏宏.中国现当代小说在英语世界传播的背景、现状及译介模式[J].小说评论.2011(5).
2周海伦（Jo Lusby）.寻找中国的村上春树（上）新华社-瞭望东方周刊.2011年11月14日.http://www.sina.com.cn
5老外的中国情结：艾瑞克的文化“切换”.中国网china.com.cn.2008-01-25.http://www.china.com.cn/book/txt/2008-01/25/content_9590331.htm
6邵忠.文学浪潮的回归：邵忠读《天南》. http://www.chutzpahmagazine.com.cn/CnNewDetails.aspx?id=60
1见《Chutzpah!天南》的官方网站。http://en.chutzpahmagazine.com.cn/EnAbout.aspx
1《天南》停刊，名总编谈纯文学杂志怎么活.北京晚报.2014-2-26.
2Ibid.
3李舫.《人民文学》杂志推出英文版PATHLIGHT[N].《人民日报》.2011/12/9.
1葛浩文.中国现代文学研究的方向：从美国学者的研究谈起[M].弄斧集.台北：学英文化事业公司，1984.
2夏志清.中国现代小说史[M].香港中文大学出版社,2001.
3王德威.英语世界的现代文学研究之报告[J].张清芳译.海南师范大学学报(社会科学版).2007(3).
1Michael S. Duke, ed., Contemporary Chinese Literature: An Anthology of Post-Mao Fiction and Poetry. Armonk,NY: M.E. Sharpe,1984,1985,109-114.
2Michael S. Duke, ed., Worlds of Modern Chinese Fiction. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe,1991
3McDougall, Bonnie and Kam Louie.The Literature of China in the Twentieth Century. NY: Columbia UniversityPress,1997.
4Bonnie S. McDougall. Fictional Authors, Imaginary Audiences: Modern Chinese Literature in the TwentiethCentury. Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press,2003
3Bonnie S. McDougall. Fictional Authors, Imaginary Audiences: Modern Chinese Literature in the TwentiethCentury. Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press,2003：37
1Wolfgang Kubin,Writers need more social conscience[N].China Daily,2010-10-9.
2[德]顾彬.从语言角度看中国当代文学[J].南京大学学报社科版.2009(2).
3Wolfgang Kubin, Writers need more social conscience[N]. China Daily,2010-10-9.
4Ibid.
5Bonnie S. McDougall. Fictional Authors, Imaginary Audiences: Modern Chinese Literature in the TwentiethCentury. Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press,2003：28.
6Yu, Miles. Mr. Don’t Speak Speaks. The Washington Times.2012-10-18
1Jianguo Chen. The Aesthetics of the “Beyond”: Phantasm, Nostalgia, and the Literary Practice in ContemporaryChina[M]. Newwark: University of Delaware Press.
2Sheldon H. Lu. Chinese Modernity and Global Biopolitics: Studies in Literature and Visual Culture. Honolulu:University of Hawaii Press,2007:53~67.
3Xin Yang. From Beauty Fear to Beauty Fever: A Critical Study of Chinese Female Writers Born in the1970s. NewYork: Peter Lang,2011.
1Xudong Zhang. Chinese Modernism in the Era of Reforms: Cultural Fever, Avant-Garde Fiction, and the NewChinese Cinema[M]. Duke University Press,1997.
2Xiaomei Chen. A Theory of Counter-Discourse in Post-Mao China [M]. New York Oxford：Oxford UniversityPress,1995：48.
1Xiaoping Wang. Three Trends in Recent Studies of Modern Chinese Literature and Culture [J].China Perspectives.2009.4
2王宁.全球化、文化研究和中西比较文学研究[J].中国比较文学.2001(2)
3Ban Wang. Studies of Modern Chinese Literature.Jonathan D. Spence, ed. The Search For Modern China [M].New York: W. W. Norton&Company,1999:378~389
1Ban Wang. Studies of Modern Chinese Literature. Jonathan D. Spence, ed. The Search For Modern China [M].New York: W. W. Norton&Company,1999:378~389
2王德威.英语世界的现代文学研究之报告[J].张清芳译.海南师范大学学报(社会科学版)2007年第3期
1胡石龙.侨乡文化纵论.中国华侨出版社,2006:132.
2汪楚仁.美国大学教中文成风[N].环球时报.第十五版.2003-5-14.http://www.people.com.cn/GB/paper68/9188/853512.html.
2Stephen C. Coong and John Minford, eds., Trees on the Mountain: An Anthology of New Chinese Writing. HK:Chinese University Press,1984.
3Kai-yu Hsu, ed., Literature of the People's Republic of China. Bloomington: Indiana University Press,1980
4Joseph S. M. Lau and Howard Goldblatt, eds., The Columbia Anthology of Modern Chinese Literature. NY:Columbia UP,2007
1C.T. Hsia, et. al, eds., Modern Chinese Stories and Novellas,1919-1949. New York: Columbia University Press,1981.
2McDougall, Bonnie and Kam Louie.The Literature of China in the Twentieth Century. NY: Columbia UniversityPress,1997.
3Kirk A. Denton.Traveler's Literary Companions[M]. Whereabouts Press,2008.
4柯尔比学院网页. http://www.colby.edu/~kabesio/hell.html.
1王斑：海外中国研究的冷战与东方主义余绪—在常熟理工学院“东吴讲堂”上的讲演[J].东吴学术.2012-12-6
1John Updike. Bitter Bamboo: Two novels from China[J]. New Yorker.2005.5.9
1《狼图腾》勇闯中国小说国际书市“难卖”关.中国日报.2011-12-22.http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/zgzx/2009-09/08/content_8668314.htm
2Pankaj Mishra. Call of the Wild[N]. New York Times Sunday Book Review.2008.5.4
3Ibid.
4Goldblatt，Howard,“A MiManera: Howard Goldblatt at Home—A Self-Interview.”Chinese Literature Today [J].University of Oklahoma Press: Norman.2011（2）：97~104.
5Wolfgang Kubin,Writers need more social conscience[N].China Daily,2010-10-9.
6陈文芬.“黑孩的诗心:莫言中短篇小说的独特美感.”《明报月刊》[J].香港.2012(11):32
7刘再复.“中国大地上的野性呼唤.”《明报月刊》[J].香港.2012(11):48~49.
8刘再复.“中国大地上的野性呼唤.”《明报月刊》[J].香港.2012(11):48~49.
1Tatlow, Didi Kirsten. In3Awards,3Ways of Seeing China [N].The International Herald Tribune.2012-10-18.http://chinhdangvu.blogspot.com/2012/10/in-3-awards-3-ways-of-seeing-china.html
2Moore, Steven. China’s Mo Yan wins Nobel in Literature [N].2012-10-12. The Washington Post.http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-33758062.html
3李建军.直言莫言与诺奖[N].文学报.2013-1-10.
4陈思和.“莫言创作成就及其获奖意义.”《明报月刊》[J].香港.2012(11):27.
5John Updike. Bitter Bamboo: Two novels from China[J]. New Yorker.2005.5.9
6王侃.中国当代小说在北美的译介和批评[J].文学评论.2012(5):168.
1Judith Shapiro and Liang Heng. Letter from China–Young Writers Test the Limits[N].New York Times.1987.1.11
2Timothy Tung. Chinese Writers[N]. New York Times.1987.8.30
3这部小说曾因其性描写及其社会伦理问题引起争议。
4Seymour Topping. Thaw and Freeze and Thaw again: The Cultural weather in China[N].New York Times.1987.12.27
5Ben Blanchard. Chinese writers fail to find global voice.Reuters,2009-4-23.http://uk.reuters.com/article/2009/04/23/uk-china-literature-idUKTRE53M06620090423
6Barboza, David.A Portrait of China Running Amok.[N] New York Times.2006.9.4
12黄咏梅，陈霄.余华：中国记者捕风捉影混淆事实美国读者不知鲁迅.羊城晚报.2011-10-24Bernstein, Richard.BOOKS OF THE TIMES; Now China Has Its Soaps and Celebrity Authors [N].New YorkTimes.1995.8.2.
3崔艳秋.中国文学海外译介：读者导向及文化导向原则下的变通策略[J].译林.2011(10/12):161~170.
1胡韵涵.《金锁记》英译本为何反响不佳？安徽文学[J].2008(7)：290-291.
2曹顺庆.中西比较诗学修订版[M]北京：中国人民出版社,2010：233
3严歌苓解剖“宴会虫”灵感来自《焦点访谈》.北京文艺网.2009-11-18.http://www.artsbj.com/Html/news/zhzxzx/wx/81066693014954_2.html
4《狼图腾》勇闯中国小说国际书市“难卖”关.中国日报.2011-12-22.http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/zgzx/2009-09/08/content_8668314.htm
5[美]沈宁.中国文学距离世界有多远[J].海内与海外.2005(7):25~28.
1Tatlow, Didi Kirsten.“In3Awards,3Ways of Seeing China.”The International Herald Tribune[N].2012-10-18.http://chinhdangvu.blogspot.com/2012/10/in-3-awards-3-ways-of-seeing-china.html.
2Goldblatt，Howard,“A Mi Manera: Howard Goldblatt at Home—A Self-Interview.” Chinese Literature Today [J].University of Oklahoma Press: Norman.2011(2):97~104.
3周海伦（Jo Lusby）.寻找中国的村上春树（上）新华社-瞭望东方周刊.2011-11-14. http://www.sina.com.cn
4Yu Lintao. Literary Pens Sparkle--The eighth Mao Dun Literature Prize rewardsaccomplished writers. BeijingReview，2011.9.8:40~41.
1[美]沈宁.中国文学距离世界有多远[J].海内与海外.2005(7):25~28.
2Ibid.
3寒山是唐朝诗人，因其诗歌中的禅宗思想，体现的自由不羁的生活方式和人物形象，在美国的“垮掉的一代”和嬉皮士之间引起共鸣，在美国引起阅读风潮。见《试论斯奈德对寒山诗的译介和译作在美国的接受》，绵阳师范学院学报,vol29(12),2010.
1Geng Zhihui. Cultural Revolution Memoirs Written and Read in English: Image Formation, Reception andCounter-Narration[D]. ProQuest.2008
1John S. Service, foreword to “To the Storm: the Odyssey of a Revolutionary Chinese Woman”, by DaiyunYueand Carolyn Wakeman. Berkeley: University of California Press,1985:xiv （转译自耿志慧博士论文）
2Geng,105.
3http://stephenslighthouse.com/2010/09/04/u-s-book-consumer-demographics-bowker/
4Vivian Gornick, The situation and the Story: The Art of PersonnalNarrative.New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux,2001:89.（转译自耿志慧博士论文）
5Krivitsky, W.G. I Was Stalin’s Agent. London: H. Hamilton,1939.
6Kravchenko, Victor. I Choose Freedom: A Personal and Political Life a Soviet Official. New York: C. Scribner’sSons,1946.
2McDOWELL, EDWIN. Memoirs of a Chinese,71,Selected by Book Club. New York Times[N],1986.12.16.
3Nien Cheng. Life and Death In Shanghai[M]. New York: Grove Press.1986
3辜正坤.中西文化比较导论[M].北京：北京大学出版社.2007:125.
1Barme, Geremie. A Cadre School Life: Six Chapters[M]. Hongkong: Joint Publishing Co.,1982.
2Howard Goldblatt. Six Chapters from My Life Downunder[M]. Hong Kong: Renditions,1981.Goldblatt, Howard. Six Chapters from My Life “Downunder”[M]. Seattle and London: University of WashingtonPress,1984.
1Edward Gunn.“A Cadre School Life: Six Chapters.by Yang Jiang. Translated by GeremieBerme. Six Chaptersfrom My Life "Downunder."By Yang Jiang.Translated by Howard Goldblatt”[J]. Modern Chinese Language andCulture.Volume2, Number1(Spring1986)
2Djang, Chu. Six Chapters of Life in a Cadre School [M]. Frederick: Westview Press,1986.
3https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/164353.Chiang_Yang.
4http://www.amazon.com/Six-Chapters-My-Life-Downunder/dp/0295966440/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1394194433&sr=8-1&keywords=six+chapters+of+my+life+downunder
2[美]金介甫（Jeffrey C.Kinkley）.(查明建译).中国文学(1949－1999)的英译本出版情况述评(一)[J].《当代作家评论》，2006年第3期.
1Chang, Jung. Wild Swans: Three Daughters of China [M]. New York: Simon&Schuster,1991.
2Geng，74.
2James D. Seymour, Review of Wild Swans, by Jung Chang, Library Journal[J], September1,1991,205.（转译自耿志慧博士论文）
3Geng,76.
4Judith Shapiro,“Concubines and Cadres,” Review of Wild Swans, by Jung Chang. The Washington Post,September8,1991, Final Edition.（转译自耿志慧博士论文）
5http://www.amazon.com/Wild-Swans-Three-Daughters-China/dp/0743246985/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1394292976&sr=8-1&keywords=wild+swans+three+daughters+of+china
3Helen M. Buss, Repossessing the World: Reading Memoirs by Contemporary Women. Waterloo: Wilfrid LaurierUniversity Press,2002.（转译自耿志慧博士论文）
1Ellen Shull,“Living History with Asian Woman: A Review of Two Recent Books,” review of Wild Swans andStill Lift with Rice, The English Journal, Vol.86, No.4, Literary Festival.(Apr.,1997),85-86hh （转译自耿志慧博士论文）
2James Caryn,“Reading: Books to Free the Minds of the Winterbound,” Review of Wild Swans, by Jung Chang,The New York Times, December15,1991, A10.5（转译自耿志慧博士论文）)
1Judith Shapiro,“Concubines and Cadres,” Review of Wild Swans, by Jung Chang. The Washington Post,September8,1991, Final Edition.（转译自耿志慧博士论文）
2Ibid.
3Steven W. Mosher, review of Wild Swans: Three Daughters of China, by Jung Chang, The Washington Times,September22,1991, Sunday, Final Edition, B8.（转译自耿志慧博士论文）
4Geng,99.
5Richard King, Review of Thirty Years in a Red House: A memoir of Childhood and Youth in Communist China,by Xiaodi Zhu. China Review International, Vol.7, No.1, Spring2000,281-3.（转译自耿志慧博士论文）
6http://book.douban.com/review/3299231
7Ibid.
8Chang, Jung,&Jon Halliday. Mao: The Unknown Story. New York: Alfred A. Knopf,2005.
1Cheek, Timothy.“The New Number One Counter-Revolutionary inside the Party: Academic Biographu as MassCriticism.” The China Journal (55):110,118（转译自耿志慧博士论文）
1宋炳辉.“谢天振宋炳辉：关于译介学研究的对话”.引自苏州大学海外汉学(中国文学)研究中心网站.2009-12-06. http://www.zwwhgx.com/content.asp?id=2940
2Chitralekha Basu.Right to Rewrite? China Daily.2011-8-19.http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/cndy/2011-08/19/content_13146218.htm
3Ge, H. A mi manera: Howard Goldblatt at home—a self-interview. Chinese Literature Today [J].2012.2(1):97~104.
1Ge, H. A mi manera: Howard Goldblatt at home—a self-interview. Chinese Literature Today [J].2012.2(1):97~104.
1谢天振.译介学[M].上海外语教育出版社,1999.
2Stuart Hall,“Encoding, Decoding”, in Simon During (ed.), The Cultural Studies Reader. Routledge,1999.
3[英]杰里米·芒迪.李德凤等译.翻译学导论—理论与实践[M].北京：商务印书馆，2007：113.
1张美芳，王克非.译有所为—功能翻译理论阐释[M].外语与教学研究出版社，2005：166-167.
2[英]杰里米·芒迪.李德凤等译.翻译学导论—理论与实践[M].北京：商务印书馆，2007：155.
3Ibid.,158.
4王宏志."暴力的行为”—晚清翻译外国小说的行为及模式.重释”信、达、雅”—20世纪中国翻译研究.[M]清华大学出版社:北京.2007:159~189.
5Andre Lefevere. Translation, Rewriting, and the Manipulation of Literary Fame. London and New York:Routledge.1992.
6杰里米·芒迪.李德凤等译.翻译学导论—理论与实践[M].北京：商务印书馆，2007：180。
7Susan Bassnett andAndreLefevere. Constructing Culture: Essays on Literary Translation.Clevedon&London:Multilingual Matters Ltd.1998:133.
1Andre Lefevere. Translation, Rewriting, and the Manipulation of Literary Fame. London and New York:Routledge.1992.
2Xiaomei Chen. A Theory of Counter-Discourse in Post-Mao China [M]. New York Oxford：Oxford UniversityPress,1995：49~56.
1吕俊.翻译研究：从文本理论到权力话语[J].四川外国语学报.2001(1):109.
2王杨.译介传播：推动文学“走出去”.中国作家网.2010-8-13. http://www.chinawriter.com.cn.
3Toury. Descriptive Translation Studies and Beyond.1995:13
4杰里米·芒迪.李德凤等译.翻译学导论—理论与实践[M].北京：商务印书馆，2007:267~274.
1杰里米·芒迪.李德凤等译.翻译学导论—理论与实践[M].北京：商务印书馆，2007：222。
2[德]Wolfgang Kubin.从语言角度看中国当代文学[J].南京大学学报,2009(2):72-73.
3周海伦（Jo Lusby）.寻找中国的村上春树（上）新华社-瞭望东方周刊.2011-11-14. http://www.sina.com.cn
4吕敏宏.论葛浩文中国现当代小说译介.小说评论.2002(5):8.
1英文版《狼图腾》上市两周热销量居榜首.燕赵都市报.2008-3-26.http://www.chinanews.com/cul/news/2008/03-26/1203548.shtml
2Ibid.
3英文版《狼图腾》热销.东南快报.2008-3-31. http://yule.sohu.com/20080321/n255826719.shtml
4《狼图腾》勇闯中国小说国际书市“难卖”关.China Daily.2011-12-22.http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/zgzx/2009-09/08/content_8668314.htm
5一少二低三无名：中国当代文学在美国[N].中华读书报.2011.1.12.
1Ge, H. A mi manera: Howard Goldblatt at home—a self-interview. Chinese Literature Today [J].2012.2(1):97~104.
2Chitralekha Basu.Right to Rewrite?[N].China Daily.2011-8-19.http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/cndy/2011-08/19/content_13146218.htm
3Ge, H. A mi manera: Howard Goldblatt at home—a self-interview. Chinese Literature Today [J].2012.2(1):97~104.
4吕敏宏.论葛浩文中国现当代小说译介[J].小说评论.2002(5).
1申丹,韩加明,王丽亚.英美小说叙事理论研究.北京:北京大学出版社，2005：119.
2刘绍铭.翻译与归化[J].时代周报.169期.2012-02-23.
1Wasserstrom, J. China’s Orwell[J]. TIME.2009-12-7.
2寇志明（Jon Eugene Von Kowallis）.“因为鲁迅的书还是好卖”:关于鲁迅小说的英文翻译.鲁迅研究月刊[J].北京：北京鲁迅博物馆.2013(2):38-50.
2段峰.苏珊巴斯内特文学翻译思想述评.四川大学学报（哲社版）[J].2006(2):92
3Robinson, Douglas. Translation and Empire: Postcolonial Theories Explained [M]. Beijing: Foreign LanguageTeaching and Research Press.2007：50.
4黄开甲.莱尔《阿Q正传》译本中的解殖民策略[D].湖南大学.2011.
1Lu Xun.The Real Story of Ah-Q and Other Tales of China: The Complete Fiction of Lu Xun(translated by JuliaLovell)[M]. Londen: Penguin Classics.2009：xliv-xlv
2寇志明（Jon Eugene Von Kowallis）.“因为鲁迅的书还是好卖”:关于鲁迅小说的英文翻译.鲁迅研究月刊[J].北京：北京鲁迅博物馆.2013(2):39.
2Lu Xun.Diary of a Madman and Other Stories (Translated by William A Lyell)[M].Honolulu: University of HawaiiPress.1990:xl.
3Ibid.,124.
4Lu Xun.Call to Arms(杨宪益戴乃迭译)[M].北京:外文出版社.2010:163.
1Lu Xun.The Real Story of Ah-Q and Other Tales of China: The Complete Fiction of Lu Xun (translated by JuliaLovell)[M]. London: Penguin Classics.2009:93.
2Ibid.,xliv.
3Ibid.
4刘重德.西方译论研究[M].北京：中国对外翻译出版公司.2003:160.
1刘重德.西方译论研究[M].北京：中国对外翻译出版公司.2003:12.
1寇志明（Jon Eugene Von Kowallis）.“因为鲁迅的书还是好卖”:关于鲁迅小说的英文翻译.鲁迅研究月刊[J].北京：北京鲁迅博物馆.2013(2):44.
2Ibid.
3刘重德.西方译论研究[M].北京：中国对外翻译出版公司.2003:26.
1申丹,韩加明,王丽亚.英美小说叙事理论研究.北京:北京大学出版社，2005：119
1Ge, H. A mi manera: Howard Goldblatt at home—a self-interview. Chinese Literature Today [J].2012.2(1):97~104.
2谢天振.翻译的理论建构和文化透视[M].上海：上海外语教育出版社.2000：340.
3叶维廉.众数歌唱—欧美现代诗100首[M].北京：人民文学出版社.2009:7.
1Wang Ning. Globalizing Chinese Literature: Toward a Rewriting of Contemporary Chinese Literary Culture.China’s Literary and Cultural Scenes at the Turn of the21st Century. Ed.Jie Lu. Routledge: London&New York,2008.
2简·布朗.歌德与“世界文学”[J].学术月刊.2007.6.
3Ibid.
4什么是世界文学？—王宁对话戴维·戴姆拉什.中华读书报.2010.9.8
1Gideon Toury. Descriptive Translation Studies and Beyond. Amsterdam/Philadelpjia: John Benjamins,1995:24-25.
2Hongtao, Liu: World Literature and China in a Global Age: Selected Papers of International Conference on "WorldLiterature Today and China"[J]. Chinese Literature Today.(1:1)[Summer2010], p.101-103.
3简·布朗.歌德与“世界文学”[J].学术月刊.2007.6.
4Ibid.
5Ban Wang. Studies of Modern Chinese Literature.Jonathan D. Spence, ed. The Search For Modern China [M].New York: W. W. Norton&Company,1999:384.
1Hongtao, Liu: World Literature and China in a Global Age: Selected Papers of International Conference on "WorldLiterature Today and China"[J]. Chinese Literature Today.(1:1)[Summer2010], p.101-103.
2白杨，刘红英.民族性·世界性·人类性：莫言小说的核心质素与诗学启示[J].同济大学学报（社会科学版）.第24卷第5期.2013(10):100.
1辜正坤.中西文化比较导论[M].北京：北京大学出版社.2007:125.
1史铁生.读洪峰小说有感[J].当代作家评论.1988(1).
1邢灵君.村上春树在中国—当代中国文学思潮下的村上热初探[J].西北大学学报（哲学社会科学版）,2005(02)
2毛丹青.村上春树得以全球畅销的理由[N].中国新闻网.(摘编自日本新华侨报网文).2013-7-29http://www.chinanews.com/hb/2013/07-29/5097392.shtml.
3罗屿.中国好作家很多，但行销太可怜[N].新世纪周刊.2008-3-27. http://www.sina.com.cn
4柯宇倩.裘小龙扭转西方人对华人的刻板印象.明镜网.2012-5-31
1萧高彦.“文化政治”的魅力与贫困--评《全球化时代的文化认同：西方普遍主义话语的历史批判》[J].社会科学论坛.2007.4（上）.
22013中国当代优秀作品国际翻译大赛.中国网.http://news.china.com.cn/citc/node_7189956.htm
1萧高彦.“文化政治”的魅力与贫困--评《全球化时代的文化认同：西方普遍主义话语的历史批判》[J].社会科学论坛.2007.4（上）.
1耿强.文学译介与中国文学“走向世界”—“熊猫丛书”英译中国文学研究[D].上海外国语大学，2010:47.
2Ibid.,28
3Julia Lovell. Great Leap Forward. The Guardian. June10,2005.
4[域外]企鹅经典文库首次收入中国小说.东方早报.2005-6-24.
1Julia Lovell. Great Leap Forward. The Guardian. June10,2005.
2[美]金介甫（Jeffrey C.Kinkley）查明建译.中国文学(1949－1999)的英译本出版情况述评（一）[J].当代作家评论.2006(3).
3于丽丽.韩寒下月推巨型科普书[N].腾讯网.2012.10.16http://news.qq.com/a/20121016/000306.htm?pgv_ref=aio2012&ptlang=2052
4The Generation: Dispatches from China's Most Popular Literary Star (and Race Car Driver). Tr. Alan Barr.NY:Simon and Schuster,2012.
5于丽丽.韩寒下月推巨型科普书[N].腾讯网.2012.10.16http://news.qq.com/a/20121016/000306.htm?pgv_ref=aio2012&ptlang=2052
1参见《当代中国语言与文化》杂志网页：http://mclc.osu.edu/rc/bib2.htm#H
2Ibid.
3http://www.amazon.com/This-Generation-Dispatches-Popular-Literary/dp/1451660014
4Ibid.
5Ibid.
6王臻青.中国小说如何走出去.辽宁日报2012-9-4.http://epaper.lnd.com.cn/html/lnrb/20120904/lnrb1062635.html
1柯宇倩.裘小龙扭转西方人对华人的刻板印象.明镜网.2012-5-31
2郭晓橹的《恋人版中英詞典》讲述了一名中国女孩在英国的学习与生活经历，是关于语言、身份和文化碰撞的新颖小说，该书曾入围2007英国橘子文学奖的候选名单，2013年，郭小橹入选《格兰塔》杂志“英国最佳青年小說家之一”。（郭晓橹：我们的阅读习惯太美国化，美国文学被高估[N].新京报.2014-1-26.http://big5.xinhuanet.com/gate/big5/news.xinhuanet.com/book/2014-01/26/c_126061608.htm）
1《北京晨报》的一篇文章《马悦然：未读“莫言”莫言评论》，对上述问题有进一步回答，“马悦然表示，中国文学早就纳入了世界文学，但是因为翻译成外文的著作有影响力的还比较少。莫言可能是中国译成外文最多的作者之一，所以莫言的那些著作帮助中国文学走向世界文学”。（刘婷，北京晨报，2012/2/12）
[1]安德烈·勒菲弗尔.翻译、改写以及对文学名声的制控[M].上海：上海外语教育出版社.2010
[2]白杨，刘红英.民族性·世界性·人类性：莫言小说的核心质素与诗学启示[J].同济大学学报（社会科学版）.第24卷第5期.2013(10):100.
[3]布迪厄,包亚明译.文化资本与社会炼金术[M].上海人民出版社，1997:189.
[4]布迪厄、华康德，《实践与反思》，李猛等译，中央编译出版社，1998年，第211页。
[5]曹顺庆.中西比较诗学修订版[M]北京：中国人民出版社,2010：233
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