我国制造业质量管理影响要素分析与评价
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摘要
中国正在成为“世界工厂”,产品质量是非常重要的,而质量管理对产品质量的作用又至关重要。中国的制造业经历了大力推行全面质量管理,广泛的ISO9000等质量管理体系认证活动等阶段,从未停止向世界先进质量管理方式学习的步伐。但是,近年来中国制造的产品在国际上发生了一系列与质量有关的贸易纠纷,同时国内的产品质量问题也十分突出。
为了研究质量管理对中国制造业的包括产品合格率等的质量管理体系绩效的影响,本文在参考国内外对质量管理的调查研究的基础上,提炼出我国制造业质量管理要素,制订了制造业质量管理水平评价指标体系,设计了适合反映中国制造业质量管理水平的调查问卷;在全国典型的制造业发达地区进行了广泛的问卷调查。利用调查数据,建立起了质量管理要素对质量管理体系绩效影响关系的结构方程模型,并分别应用线性结构关系方法和偏最小二乘方法求解模型,得到了各个质量管理要素对质量管理体系绩效的作用方向和作用程度。在此基础上对制造业质量管理水平进行评价,并将质量管理水平得分应用于制造业供应链评价中,其分析结果和应用产品合格率指标进行供应链评价的结果对比,发现对评价结果产生很大的、不同的影响。质量管理水平评价得分结果可以更有效地区分企业之间的质量管理水平的差别,并进一步依据质量管理水平将我国制造企业划分为5个等级。
本文的主要创新点和作出的贡献主要在于以下几点:
(1)反映中国制造业质量管理影响要素的构建;
(2)明确了质量管理要素对质量管理体系绩效的影响模型;
(3)获得了部分制造企业的质量管理水平评价得分并运算证明了分别应用质量管理水平得分和产品合格率指标对供应链质量相关评价的显著差异。
(4)定义了我国制造企业质量管理水平5等级划分并明确了调查企业分类为不同的质量管理水平等级。
China is becoming“the factory of the world”, the quality management to the quality of products and to the manufacturing industries is very important. The Chinese factories had the process of developing the total quality control and the ISO9000 quality management systems’certification and so on. The factories of China had never stopped learning the advanced quality management theories and techniques from the developed countries. But, there are some international trade troubles for the Chinese manufacturers because of the quality of products, and there are troubles about the quality of national products, too.
To study how the quality management affect the quality management system’s output indices such as the quality of products etc. , based on the national and international researches on the quality management, we extracted the factors of quality management and designed the evaluation indices system of quality management level of Chinese manufacturing industry, designed the questionnaire of Chinese manufacturing industries and implemented the investigation on the developed manufacturing districts of China. Based on the data we got, we setup the structural equation model on how the quality management factors affect the output of quality management system, and analyzed it with linear structure relationship method and partial least square method, and got the direction and degree of how the quality management factors affect the quality management system. After we got the quality management level of the factories, we used it to the supply chain evaluation and found great difference between the results that used the index of products quality such as the pass rate. And the quality management level we got can distinguish the factories effectively compare to the pass rate index, and we also use it to divide the factories into 5 categories.
The main innovative works and key points are listed as follows:
(1) This paper extracted the main quality management factors of manufacturing industry of China;
(2) Setup the model that how the quality management factors affect the output of the quality management system;
(3) Confirmed the difference between two indices: the quality management level and the first pass rate, in evaluating the supply chain with computational method.
(4) Defined the 5 categories of Chinese manufacturing factories and put the manufacturing factories of China into each category according to their quality management level.
为了研究质量管理对中国制造业的包括产品合格率等的质量管理体系绩效的影响,本文在参考国内外对质量管理的调查研究的基础上,提炼出我国制造业质量管理要素,制订了制造业质量管理水平评价指标体系,设计了适合反映中国制造业质量管理水平的调查问卷;在全国典型的制造业发达地区进行了广泛的问卷调查。利用调查数据,建立起了质量管理要素对质量管理体系绩效影响关系的结构方程模型,并分别应用线性结构关系方法和偏最小二乘方法求解模型,得到了各个质量管理要素对质量管理体系绩效的作用方向和作用程度。在此基础上对制造业质量管理水平进行评价,并将质量管理水平得分应用于制造业供应链评价中,其分析结果和应用产品合格率指标进行供应链评价的结果对比,发现对评价结果产生很大的、不同的影响。质量管理水平评价得分结果可以更有效地区分企业之间的质量管理水平的差别,并进一步依据质量管理水平将我国制造企业划分为5个等级。
本文的主要创新点和作出的贡献主要在于以下几点:
(1)反映中国制造业质量管理影响要素的构建;
(2)明确了质量管理要素对质量管理体系绩效的影响模型;
(3)获得了部分制造企业的质量管理水平评价得分并运算证明了分别应用质量管理水平得分和产品合格率指标对供应链质量相关评价的显著差异。
(4)定义了我国制造企业质量管理水平5等级划分并明确了调查企业分类为不同的质量管理水平等级。
China is becoming“the factory of the world”, the quality management to the quality of products and to the manufacturing industries is very important. The Chinese factories had the process of developing the total quality control and the ISO9000 quality management systems’certification and so on. The factories of China had never stopped learning the advanced quality management theories and techniques from the developed countries. But, there are some international trade troubles for the Chinese manufacturers because of the quality of products, and there are troubles about the quality of national products, too.
To study how the quality management affect the quality management system’s output indices such as the quality of products etc. , based on the national and international researches on the quality management, we extracted the factors of quality management and designed the evaluation indices system of quality management level of Chinese manufacturing industry, designed the questionnaire of Chinese manufacturing industries and implemented the investigation on the developed manufacturing districts of China. Based on the data we got, we setup the structural equation model on how the quality management factors affect the output of quality management system, and analyzed it with linear structure relationship method and partial least square method, and got the direction and degree of how the quality management factors affect the quality management system. After we got the quality management level of the factories, we used it to the supply chain evaluation and found great difference between the results that used the index of products quality such as the pass rate. And the quality management level we got can distinguish the factories effectively compare to the pass rate index, and we also use it to divide the factories into 5 categories.
The main innovative works and key points are listed as follows:
(1) This paper extracted the main quality management factors of manufacturing industry of China;
(2) Setup the model that how the quality management factors affect the output of the quality management system;
(3) Confirmed the difference between two indices: the quality management level and the first pass rate, in evaluating the supply chain with computational method.
(4) Defined the 5 categories of Chinese manufacturing factories and put the manufacturing factories of China into each category according to their quality management level.
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