跨组织联结、资源管理与企业创新绩效
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摘要
技术创新是企业生存和发展的灵魂,对企业绩效以及长期竞争优势都有重要的影响。而全球竞争的不断推进和产业技术的快速变革,使得企业构建核心能力和获取竞争优势的资源基础正在发生深刻变化,关键的创新越来越依赖于跨组织的战略网络关系。另一方面,区域创新网络的发展,极大地改变了企业获取创新所需要的资源的方式,产业集聚使得整个地区从本质上形成了一个庞大的知识流动网络。对于立足长远,追求卓越的各类企业来说,区域创新网络的形成、合作网络的盛行改变了原有竞争的边界,企业内部的资源已无法满足市场竞争的需求,组织间关系网络中的资源也成为企业竞争制胜的重要基础,对内外部资源的整合和管理能力成为企业获取竞争优势的重要条件。因此,区域创新网络、跨组织战略合作关系、资源管理等话题引起了广大学者的关注。不过,在当前的理论文献中,很少全面系统论述跨组织联结、以及资源管理如何影响企业创新绩效的。而且,针对区域创新网络的研究多数是应用产业经济理论从中观层面开展的,站在创新主体的微观视角针对区域创新网络的研究较少。
本研究围绕“在区域创新网络中跨组织联结、资源管理与企业创新绩效的关系”这一基本问题,综合跨组织联结理论、资源管理理论和区域创新网络三大领域的研究成果,辨析在区域创新网络的架构之中,跨组织网络、跨组织的资源管理活动和创新绩效之间的关系,并构建完整的理论分析框架,从区域创新网络的视角探析企业在组织间网络中进行资源管理进而改善创新绩效的有效战略路径与模式。本研究通过以下部分展开：
(1)问题提出与文献综述。根据研究问题的界定,对技术创新、跨组织网络、资源观、区域创新系统等理论进行了详细综述,把握了当前研究现状,并找出了现有研究的不足；
(2)探索性案例研究。在对企业进行广泛的实地调研的基础上,选择2家不同行业、不同规模的典型企业进行了深入分析,运用案例研究的方法探索了在区域创新网络中跨组织联结、资源管理、创新绩效间的逻辑联系,为后续研究提供了实践基础；
(3)区域创新网络中跨组织联结、资源管理对创新绩效作用机制的模型构建与实证检验。结合案例研究与文献探讨的结果,构建了相关的概念模型和理论假设,并通过对223家企业的问卷调查,运用统计分析的方法进行了实证研究,最终确认了跨组织联结、资源管理影响创新绩效的机理路径,并讨论了区域创新网络的环境因素在其中的调节效应。
经过前文的分析论证,得出了以下研究结论：
(1)从企业视角看来,不同类型的企业对区域创新网络的激励政策环境特征和产业氛围特征有着不同的认知。本研究从企业认知的角度,探求了区域创新网络中的政策环境与产业氛围是否能够真正为企业所感知。结果显示,尽管在传统的中观层面上提出的各种创新激励政策和产业氛围因素被广泛认为对地区创新能力能够产生积极的促进作用,但是在微观层面,不同类型的企业对其认知程度并不一样。也就是说,区域创新网络的环境并不一定会增加微观企业的创新动力。
(2)跨组织联结和资源管理对企业技术创新绩效存在积极的作用,同时企业资源管理在跨组织联结与技术创新绩效之间起到了中介作用。企业在创新网络中的嵌合程度以及企业与创新网络的互动沟通紧密程度能够提升创新绩效,但企业创新绩效的提升需要通过与创新网络间的资源获取建构、资源整合内化和资源配置利用来实现。
(3)区域创新网络的环境因素在一定程度上对资源管理活动和企业创新绩效有着明显的调节作用。由于不同的企业对区域创新网络的政策环境和产业环境在认知上存在差异,这显然会影响到企业在调配资源开展技术创新活动方面的积极性和有效性,因此这也会进一步影响到资源管理活动对技术创新绩效的作用机制。
最后,研究者对全文进行了总结,并指出了未来可能的若干研究方向。
Technological innovation is the soul of enterprises for their survival and development, which has significant impacts on firms'performance and long-term competitive advantage. The evolution of global competition and industrial technologies has deeply changed the resource base of firms for building core capabilities and acquiring competitive advantages. Inter-organizational strategic network relationships are becoming more and more important to key innovation. On the other hand, the development of Regional Innovation Network (RIN) has shaped resource acquisition for innovation. Industry agglomeration constructs a knowledge network in a geographical area. For the firms in pursuit of excellence, the RIN and inter-organizational collaborative network have changed the competition borders. Internal resource is not enough to dealing with market competition, and the resource in the collaborative network has become vital to competitive advantage. The ability of combining and managing resource becomes a vital condition to win competitive advantage. Therefore, a lot of academic researchers pay attention to RIN, Resource Management and Inter-organizational Strategic Collaboration. However, little literature have systematically illustrated the mechanism among inter-organizational linkage, resource management and innovation performance. Further, most researches on RIN are based on the theories of industrial economy, and very little literature discusses RIN from a micro enterprise's view.
This dissertation tries to answer the question of "the relationships among inter-organizational collaboration, risk management and SME's innovation performance in RIN", integrating the theories of collaboration network, resource-based view and RIN. To find out some reasonable conclusions, this thesis formulates a conceptual framework, examining the mechanisms and effects of inter-organizational collaboration and resource management on SME's innovation performance within a RIN context. This research is conducted through the following stages:
(1) Introduction and literature review. According to identified research questions, this dissertation reviews the literature in technological innovation, inter-organizational network, resource-based view and RIN. Through literature review, the author understands the state-of-art of the relevant researches and finds out some unexplored area in existing literature.
(2) Explorative case study. Based on field researches on some innovative enterprises in Yangtze River Delta, the author conducts2explorative case studies to discuss the logic relationships among inter-organizational collaboration, resource management and innovation performance under a RIN context, putting forward the initial conceptual framework for the following quantitative research. The2case firms are from different industries, and operate in different business scale.
(3) Research model and empirical study. The author formulates a complete conceptual model based on in-depth theoretical analysis and cased study, and proposes some hypotheses. By a questionnaire survey based on a sample of223firms within RINs in Yangtze River Delta area, this thesis verifies the effects of inter-organizational collaboration and resource management on innovation performance, and discusses the moderating effects of environmental factors within RIN, using statistical analysis tools.
After the above discussion, some conclusions can be reached:
(1) From a business view, the recognition of innovation incentive policies and industrial atmosphere within RIN by different types of enterprises vary significantly. The research result shows although most existing literature believe from a macro level the incentive policies and industrial atmosphere can prompt the innovation capabilities in a geographic area, the recognition by firms of incentive policies and industrial atmosphere differs from micro view. In other words, located in a RIN may not positively increase the innovation intention of a firm.
(2) Basically, inter-organizational linkage and resource management have positive impact on innovation performance, and resource management has mediating effects on the relationship between inter-organizational collaboration and innovation performance. The embedded linkages and interaction intensity can leverage innovation performance through resource structuring, resource bundling and resource leveraging in the innovation network.
(3) To some degree, the environmental factors in RIN can moderate the influence of resource management on innovation performance. The perception on the environmental factors by different type of enterprises varies significantly. As a consequence, the intention and motive of allocating external and internal resource for innovation will be influenced by the perception on RIN, which will moderate the mechanism and the influencing path between resource management and innovation performance.
(4) Finally, the author draws some conclusions and proposes some possible future research directions in the final chapter.
本研究围绕“在区域创新网络中跨组织联结、资源管理与企业创新绩效的关系”这一基本问题,综合跨组织联结理论、资源管理理论和区域创新网络三大领域的研究成果,辨析在区域创新网络的架构之中,跨组织网络、跨组织的资源管理活动和创新绩效之间的关系,并构建完整的理论分析框架,从区域创新网络的视角探析企业在组织间网络中进行资源管理进而改善创新绩效的有效战略路径与模式。本研究通过以下部分展开：
(1)问题提出与文献综述。根据研究问题的界定,对技术创新、跨组织网络、资源观、区域创新系统等理论进行了详细综述,把握了当前研究现状,并找出了现有研究的不足；
(2)探索性案例研究。在对企业进行广泛的实地调研的基础上,选择2家不同行业、不同规模的典型企业进行了深入分析,运用案例研究的方法探索了在区域创新网络中跨组织联结、资源管理、创新绩效间的逻辑联系,为后续研究提供了实践基础；
(3)区域创新网络中跨组织联结、资源管理对创新绩效作用机制的模型构建与实证检验。结合案例研究与文献探讨的结果,构建了相关的概念模型和理论假设,并通过对223家企业的问卷调查,运用统计分析的方法进行了实证研究,最终确认了跨组织联结、资源管理影响创新绩效的机理路径,并讨论了区域创新网络的环境因素在其中的调节效应。
经过前文的分析论证,得出了以下研究结论：
(1)从企业视角看来,不同类型的企业对区域创新网络的激励政策环境特征和产业氛围特征有着不同的认知。本研究从企业认知的角度,探求了区域创新网络中的政策环境与产业氛围是否能够真正为企业所感知。结果显示,尽管在传统的中观层面上提出的各种创新激励政策和产业氛围因素被广泛认为对地区创新能力能够产生积极的促进作用,但是在微观层面,不同类型的企业对其认知程度并不一样。也就是说,区域创新网络的环境并不一定会增加微观企业的创新动力。
(2)跨组织联结和资源管理对企业技术创新绩效存在积极的作用,同时企业资源管理在跨组织联结与技术创新绩效之间起到了中介作用。企业在创新网络中的嵌合程度以及企业与创新网络的互动沟通紧密程度能够提升创新绩效,但企业创新绩效的提升需要通过与创新网络间的资源获取建构、资源整合内化和资源配置利用来实现。
(3)区域创新网络的环境因素在一定程度上对资源管理活动和企业创新绩效有着明显的调节作用。由于不同的企业对区域创新网络的政策环境和产业环境在认知上存在差异,这显然会影响到企业在调配资源开展技术创新活动方面的积极性和有效性,因此这也会进一步影响到资源管理活动对技术创新绩效的作用机制。
最后,研究者对全文进行了总结,并指出了未来可能的若干研究方向。
Technological innovation is the soul of enterprises for their survival and development, which has significant impacts on firms'performance and long-term competitive advantage. The evolution of global competition and industrial technologies has deeply changed the resource base of firms for building core capabilities and acquiring competitive advantages. Inter-organizational strategic network relationships are becoming more and more important to key innovation. On the other hand, the development of Regional Innovation Network (RIN) has shaped resource acquisition for innovation. Industry agglomeration constructs a knowledge network in a geographical area. For the firms in pursuit of excellence, the RIN and inter-organizational collaborative network have changed the competition borders. Internal resource is not enough to dealing with market competition, and the resource in the collaborative network has become vital to competitive advantage. The ability of combining and managing resource becomes a vital condition to win competitive advantage. Therefore, a lot of academic researchers pay attention to RIN, Resource Management and Inter-organizational Strategic Collaboration. However, little literature have systematically illustrated the mechanism among inter-organizational linkage, resource management and innovation performance. Further, most researches on RIN are based on the theories of industrial economy, and very little literature discusses RIN from a micro enterprise's view.
This dissertation tries to answer the question of "the relationships among inter-organizational collaboration, risk management and SME's innovation performance in RIN", integrating the theories of collaboration network, resource-based view and RIN. To find out some reasonable conclusions, this thesis formulates a conceptual framework, examining the mechanisms and effects of inter-organizational collaboration and resource management on SME's innovation performance within a RIN context. This research is conducted through the following stages:
(1) Introduction and literature review. According to identified research questions, this dissertation reviews the literature in technological innovation, inter-organizational network, resource-based view and RIN. Through literature review, the author understands the state-of-art of the relevant researches and finds out some unexplored area in existing literature.
(2) Explorative case study. Based on field researches on some innovative enterprises in Yangtze River Delta, the author conducts2explorative case studies to discuss the logic relationships among inter-organizational collaboration, resource management and innovation performance under a RIN context, putting forward the initial conceptual framework for the following quantitative research. The2case firms are from different industries, and operate in different business scale.
(3) Research model and empirical study. The author formulates a complete conceptual model based on in-depth theoretical analysis and cased study, and proposes some hypotheses. By a questionnaire survey based on a sample of223firms within RINs in Yangtze River Delta area, this thesis verifies the effects of inter-organizational collaboration and resource management on innovation performance, and discusses the moderating effects of environmental factors within RIN, using statistical analysis tools.
After the above discussion, some conclusions can be reached:
(1) From a business view, the recognition of innovation incentive policies and industrial atmosphere within RIN by different types of enterprises vary significantly. The research result shows although most existing literature believe from a macro level the incentive policies and industrial atmosphere can prompt the innovation capabilities in a geographic area, the recognition by firms of incentive policies and industrial atmosphere differs from micro view. In other words, located in a RIN may not positively increase the innovation intention of a firm.
(2) Basically, inter-organizational linkage and resource management have positive impact on innovation performance, and resource management has mediating effects on the relationship between inter-organizational collaboration and innovation performance. The embedded linkages and interaction intensity can leverage innovation performance through resource structuring, resource bundling and resource leveraging in the innovation network.
(3) To some degree, the environmental factors in RIN can moderate the influence of resource management on innovation performance. The perception on the environmental factors by different type of enterprises varies significantly. As a consequence, the intention and motive of allocating external and internal resource for innovation will be influenced by the perception on RIN, which will moderate the mechanism and the influencing path between resource management and innovation performance.
(4) Finally, the author draws some conclusions and proposes some possible future research directions in the final chapter.
引文
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