2.4G无线传感器网络节点设计
|
摘要
本文针对靶场无线传感网络应用设计了一种实用化的无线传感器网络节点,它有较强的数据采集、处理能力,有较大的通信覆盖范围。
本文首先介绍了无线传感器网络的概念与体系结构,从军事应用、民用、学术领域这几个方面综述了当前无线传感器网络的研究进展。
本文选用当前比较成熟的芯片CC2420作为数据收发器,并使用32位的高性能ARM处理器LPC2138作为协议控制器并兼具数据采集、处理功能。由于CC2420内部集成的射频解决方案通信覆盖范围很小,本文设计了加强的射频前端电路,通过射频功率放大器与低噪声放大器提高系统的发射功率与接收灵敏度。射频电路的设计是一个仿真与实测不断重复的过程,本文给出了本节点射频电路设计定型的流程。
为了方便上层应用程序开发,本文针对本节点的硬件构成设计了相应的驱动程序,包括处理器必要的外围功能模块驱动与CC2420的底层操作服务程序。
由于本文设计的传感器节点要求兼容IEEE802.15.4协议,本文对IEEE802.15.4网络作了简要的介绍,分析了其拓补结构与组网过程,并针对此节点设计了组网验证流程。
This paper makes design of a practical wireless sensor networks nodes for some especial application, it has strong data collection and handling capacity with great communication coverage.
This paper introduces the concept and architecture of wireless sensor networks and overview of the current wireless sensor networks in progress from the aspect of military, civilian, and academic.
In this paper we use the current relatively mature chip CC2420 as transceiver, the high-performance 32-bit ARM LPC2138 as both protocol controller and data acquisition, processing unit. Due to the 2420’s limit of communications coverage, this paper designs a strengthened RF front end circuit, through RF power amplifier and low noise amplifier to improve the transmitting power and receiver sensitivity. Furthermore this paper gives the RF circuit design process of the nods.
To facilitate the further application development, this paper designs the driver software of the hardware such as the necessary external processor module operation and CC2420 operational services.
The design of this sensor node requires compatibility with IEEE802.15.4 protocol .This paper makes a brief introduction of IEEE802.15.4 network and analysis of its structure and topology. Then it gives the verification process of IEEE802.15.4 network on this nod.
本文首先介绍了无线传感器网络的概念与体系结构,从军事应用、民用、学术领域这几个方面综述了当前无线传感器网络的研究进展。
本文选用当前比较成熟的芯片CC2420作为数据收发器,并使用32位的高性能ARM处理器LPC2138作为协议控制器并兼具数据采集、处理功能。由于CC2420内部集成的射频解决方案通信覆盖范围很小,本文设计了加强的射频前端电路,通过射频功率放大器与低噪声放大器提高系统的发射功率与接收灵敏度。射频电路的设计是一个仿真与实测不断重复的过程,本文给出了本节点射频电路设计定型的流程。
为了方便上层应用程序开发,本文针对本节点的硬件构成设计了相应的驱动程序,包括处理器必要的外围功能模块驱动与CC2420的底层操作服务程序。
由于本文设计的传感器节点要求兼容IEEE802.15.4协议,本文对IEEE802.15.4网络作了简要的介绍,分析了其拓补结构与组网过程,并针对此节点设计了组网验证流程。
This paper makes design of a practical wireless sensor networks nodes for some especial application, it has strong data collection and handling capacity with great communication coverage.
This paper introduces the concept and architecture of wireless sensor networks and overview of the current wireless sensor networks in progress from the aspect of military, civilian, and academic.
In this paper we use the current relatively mature chip CC2420 as transceiver, the high-performance 32-bit ARM LPC2138 as both protocol controller and data acquisition, processing unit. Due to the 2420’s limit of communications coverage, this paper designs a strengthened RF front end circuit, through RF power amplifier and low noise amplifier to improve the transmitting power and receiver sensitivity. Furthermore this paper gives the RF circuit design process of the nods.
To facilitate the further application development, this paper designs the driver software of the hardware such as the necessary external processor module operation and CC2420 operational services.
The design of this sensor node requires compatibility with IEEE802.15.4 protocol .This paper makes a brief introduction of IEEE802.15.4 network and analysis of its structure and topology. Then it gives the verification process of IEEE802.15.4 network on this nod.
引文
1崔莉,鞠海玲.无线传感器网络研究进展.计算机研究与发展. 2005,(4):163~164
2李丽娜,石高涛,廖明宏.传感器网络操作系统TinyOS关键技术分析.2005,(6):724~725
3 Alex Teng.Ten emerging technologies that will change the world.Technology Review. 2003, (1):21~25
4 Mark Weiser.Tiny Computer for the Twenty-First Century. Scientific American.1991,20(09):94~10
5. F Akyildiz ,W Su,Y Sankarasubramaniam, E Cayirci. Wireless Sensor Networks .Computer Networks.2002,38(4): 393~422.
6 IEEE standard for information technology–telecommunications and information exchange between systems- local and metropolitan area networks–specific requirement.Part 11: wireless LAN medium access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) specification.Amendment 3:specifications for operation in additional regulatory domains.IEEE Std 802.11d-2001.2001:97~100
7 IEEE standard for information technology– telecommunications and information exchange between systems–local and metropolitan area networks– specific requirements Part II :wireless LAN medium access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) specifications, 2003:1~67
8 IEEE Std.802.11h-2003.IEEE Std 802.11h-2003(Amendment to IEEE Std 802.11,1999 Edn.(Reaff 2003)) 2003:1~59
9刘纯勤,李安涛. IEEE 802.11无线居于局域网标准.通信技术,1998 12(01):55~58
10 I Bergel, E Fisheler.Narrow band interference suppression in the hopping impulse radio system. IEEE Transon Communication. 2001,(10):25~50
11 J Nemeroff, LGarcia, D Hampel.Application of sensor network Communications for Networkd–Centric Operations: Creating the Information Force. IEEE.pp.336 ~341
12 A W Habboosh, R.J Reid. A shallow water infne multiplexed sensor system used International Conference on.pp.106~110
13 S Buchsbaum. Sensor Integration and Modeling for Biological AgentDetection.http://www.darpa.mil/SPO/Solicitaions/BAA0017/SIMBAD_DARPA.pdf
14马祖长,孙怡宁,梅涛.无线传感器网络综述.通信学报.2004,25(4):114~122
15 P Johnson. Remote continuous physiological monitoring in the home.Telemed Telecare.1996,2(02):107~113
16 Petriu, N Georganas, D Petriu. Sensor-based information appliances. IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Magazine.2000,34(03):31~35
17 Akyildiz IF,Su W,Sankarausubramaniam.A survery on sensor networks.IEEE Commmunications Magazine.2002,40(8):102~114
18 GG Joshi,C.B Dielrich, C.R Anderson. Near-ground channel measurements over line-of-sightand forested paths.Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation, 2005:589~596.
19 Xiaohong Sheng,Yu-Hen Hu. Maximum likelihood multiple-source localization using acoustic energy measurement with wireless sensor networks. Signal Processing.2005,53(01):44~53
20刘述.传感器网络应用及实现.电信网技术.2005,(4):9~12
21张莉.近距离无线通信技术及应用前景.电信技术.2005,(11):9~11
22鲁东明,夏明.融合IPv6的无线传感器网络关键技术研究及应用.中科院无线传感器网络学术研讨会. 2006,上海:120~123
23 D Cullar, DEstrin,M.Strvastava. Overview of Sensor Network. Computer. 2004,37(8):41~49
24 Bharghavan, A Demers, S Shenker, etc. MACAW: A media access protocol ofr wireless LAN’s. The Conf on Communications Architectures Protocols and Applications. London, UK,1994:1201~1215
25 P Karn. MACA-A new channel access method for packet radio. The 9th ARRL Computing Networking Conference. Ontario, Canada, 1990:254~258
26 L Kleinrock, F Tobagi. Packet Switching in radio channels: PartI-Carrier sense multiple access modes and their throughput-delay characteristics. IEEE Trans. On Communications, 1975,23(12):1400~1416
27 J Li, G Lazarou. Abit-map-assisted energy-efficient MAC scheme for wireless sensor networks. The 3rd Int’1 Symp. On Information Processing in Sensor Networks, Berkeley,CA,2004:213~217
28 IEEE Std 802.15.4TM-2003. Wireless Medium Access Control(MAC) andPhysical Layer(PHY) Specifications for Low Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks. IEEE Computer Society, 2003: 31~39
29于继明,卢先领,杨余旺等.无线传感器网络多路径路由协议研究进展.计算机应用研究.2007,24(6):1~3
30 A kkaya K, Younis M. A survey on routing protocols for wireless sensor networks. Ad Hoc Network. 2005.3(3):325~349
31 S Heinzelman, J Kulik, H.Balakrishnan. A survery of gossiping and broadcasting in communication networks. Networks. 1988, 18(4):319~349
32 W Heinzelman, J Kulik, H Balakrishnan. Adaptive protocols for information dissemination in wireless sensor networks. The 5th Annual ACM/IEEE Int’1 Conf. on mobile Computing and Networking, Seattle, WA, 1999:125~128
33 C Intanagonwiwat, Rgovindan, Destrin. Directed diffusion: A scalable and robust communication paradigm for sensor networks. The 6th Annual ACM/IEEE Int’1 Conf. on Mobile Computing and Networking, Boston, MA, 2000:215~219
34 Heinzelman W, Chandrakasan A, Balakrishnan H. Energy efficient communication protocol for wireless sensor network. Proceeding of Hawaii International Conference System Sciences, Hawaii, January. 2000:186~192
35王福豹,史龙,任丰原.无线传感器网络中的自身定位系统和算法.软件学报. 2005,16(05):857~868
36 Cipcon ompany.Chipcon AS Smart RF CC2420 Preliminary Datasheet (rev1.2).2004:12~27
37黄载禄,殷蔚华.通信原理.科学出版社,2005:292~295
38张先峰,关德新,王伟.利用AD9854实现直序列扩频系统OQPSK调制。电子测量技术.2002,(5):61~63
39杨波.非理想发射机情况下的OQPSK性能分析.西安科技大学学报. 2007,(27):51~58
40南敬昌,冯永生,刘元安.基于ADS线性射频放大器设计与仿真.计算机仿真.2007,(5):302~303
41高俊尧,黄超.基于ARM微控制器LPC2138的分布式系统设计.电子设计应用.2007,(5):97~99
42张宇,黄刘生.移动节点在IEEE 802.15.4中网络性能的研究.计算机工程与应用.2007,43(9):125~127
43赵铮,于宏毅.IEEE 802.15.4 MAC协议与仿真评估.计算机工程与应用.2007,43(4):119~130
2李丽娜,石高涛,廖明宏.传感器网络操作系统TinyOS关键技术分析.2005,(6):724~725
3 Alex Teng.Ten emerging technologies that will change the world.Technology Review. 2003, (1):21~25
4 Mark Weiser.Tiny Computer for the Twenty-First Century. Scientific American.1991,20(09):94~10
5. F Akyildiz ,W Su,Y Sankarasubramaniam, E Cayirci. Wireless Sensor Networks .Computer Networks.2002,38(4): 393~422.
6 IEEE standard for information technology–telecommunications and information exchange between systems- local and metropolitan area networks–specific requirement.Part 11: wireless LAN medium access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) specification.Amendment 3:specifications for operation in additional regulatory domains.IEEE Std 802.11d-2001.2001:97~100
7 IEEE standard for information technology– telecommunications and information exchange between systems–local and metropolitan area networks– specific requirements Part II :wireless LAN medium access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) specifications, 2003:1~67
8 IEEE Std.802.11h-2003.IEEE Std 802.11h-2003(Amendment to IEEE Std 802.11,1999 Edn.(Reaff 2003)) 2003:1~59
9刘纯勤,李安涛. IEEE 802.11无线居于局域网标准.通信技术,1998 12(01):55~58
10 I Bergel, E Fisheler.Narrow band interference suppression in the hopping impulse radio system. IEEE Transon Communication. 2001,(10):25~50
11 J Nemeroff, LGarcia, D Hampel.Application of sensor network Communications for Networkd–Centric Operations: Creating the Information Force. IEEE.pp.336 ~341
12 A W Habboosh, R.J Reid. A shallow water infne multiplexed sensor system used International Conference on.pp.106~110
13 S Buchsbaum. Sensor Integration and Modeling for Biological AgentDetection.http://www.darpa.mil/SPO/Solicitaions/BAA0017/SIMBAD_DARPA.pdf
14马祖长,孙怡宁,梅涛.无线传感器网络综述.通信学报.2004,25(4):114~122
15 P Johnson. Remote continuous physiological monitoring in the home.Telemed Telecare.1996,2(02):107~113
16 Petriu, N Georganas, D Petriu. Sensor-based information appliances. IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Magazine.2000,34(03):31~35
17 Akyildiz IF,Su W,Sankarausubramaniam.A survery on sensor networks.IEEE Commmunications Magazine.2002,40(8):102~114
18 GG Joshi,C.B Dielrich, C.R Anderson. Near-ground channel measurements over line-of-sightand forested paths.Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation, 2005:589~596.
19 Xiaohong Sheng,Yu-Hen Hu. Maximum likelihood multiple-source localization using acoustic energy measurement with wireless sensor networks. Signal Processing.2005,53(01):44~53
20刘述.传感器网络应用及实现.电信网技术.2005,(4):9~12
21张莉.近距离无线通信技术及应用前景.电信技术.2005,(11):9~11
22鲁东明,夏明.融合IPv6的无线传感器网络关键技术研究及应用.中科院无线传感器网络学术研讨会. 2006,上海:120~123
23 D Cullar, DEstrin,M.Strvastava. Overview of Sensor Network. Computer. 2004,37(8):41~49
24 Bharghavan, A Demers, S Shenker, etc. MACAW: A media access protocol ofr wireless LAN’s. The Conf on Communications Architectures Protocols and Applications. London, UK,1994:1201~1215
25 P Karn. MACA-A new channel access method for packet radio. The 9th ARRL Computing Networking Conference. Ontario, Canada, 1990:254~258
26 L Kleinrock, F Tobagi. Packet Switching in radio channels: PartI-Carrier sense multiple access modes and their throughput-delay characteristics. IEEE Trans. On Communications, 1975,23(12):1400~1416
27 J Li, G Lazarou. Abit-map-assisted energy-efficient MAC scheme for wireless sensor networks. The 3rd Int’1 Symp. On Information Processing in Sensor Networks, Berkeley,CA,2004:213~217
28 IEEE Std 802.15.4TM-2003. Wireless Medium Access Control(MAC) andPhysical Layer(PHY) Specifications for Low Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks. IEEE Computer Society, 2003: 31~39
29于继明,卢先领,杨余旺等.无线传感器网络多路径路由协议研究进展.计算机应用研究.2007,24(6):1~3
30 A kkaya K, Younis M. A survey on routing protocols for wireless sensor networks. Ad Hoc Network. 2005.3(3):325~349
31 S Heinzelman, J Kulik, H.Balakrishnan. A survery of gossiping and broadcasting in communication networks. Networks. 1988, 18(4):319~349
32 W Heinzelman, J Kulik, H Balakrishnan. Adaptive protocols for information dissemination in wireless sensor networks. The 5th Annual ACM/IEEE Int’1 Conf. on mobile Computing and Networking, Seattle, WA, 1999:125~128
33 C Intanagonwiwat, Rgovindan, Destrin. Directed diffusion: A scalable and robust communication paradigm for sensor networks. The 6th Annual ACM/IEEE Int’1 Conf. on Mobile Computing and Networking, Boston, MA, 2000:215~219
34 Heinzelman W, Chandrakasan A, Balakrishnan H. Energy efficient communication protocol for wireless sensor network. Proceeding of Hawaii International Conference System Sciences, Hawaii, January. 2000:186~192
35王福豹,史龙,任丰原.无线传感器网络中的自身定位系统和算法.软件学报. 2005,16(05):857~868
36 Cipcon ompany.Chipcon AS Smart RF CC2420 Preliminary Datasheet (rev1.2).2004:12~27
37黄载禄,殷蔚华.通信原理.科学出版社,2005:292~295
38张先峰,关德新,王伟.利用AD9854实现直序列扩频系统OQPSK调制。电子测量技术.2002,(5):61~63
39杨波.非理想发射机情况下的OQPSK性能分析.西安科技大学学报. 2007,(27):51~58
40南敬昌,冯永生,刘元安.基于ADS线性射频放大器设计与仿真.计算机仿真.2007,(5):302~303
41高俊尧,黄超.基于ARM微控制器LPC2138的分布式系统设计.电子设计应用.2007,(5):97~99
42张宇,黄刘生.移动节点在IEEE 802.15.4中网络性能的研究.计算机工程与应用.2007,43(9):125~127
43赵铮,于宏毅.IEEE 802.15.4 MAC协议与仿真评估.计算机工程与应用.2007,43(4):119~130