深水半潜式平台疲劳分析及关键节点的疲劳试验研究
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摘要
我国海洋油气资源的勘探与开发不断走向深海,深水半潜式平台作为海洋油气资源开发的一种主要平台,其结构分析技术显得尤为重要。为了加快南海深水油气资源的开发利用,确保平台在深海中安全可靠运行,国家将深水平台工程技术列入“十一五”期间的“国家科技重大专项”。论文围绕深水半潜式平台结构疲劳分析技术这一课题,分析了深水半潜式平台结构的疲劳寿命及疲劳可靠性,进行了平台关键节点的疲劳试验和监测研究。本文主要包括以下几方面内容：
(1)建立了深水半潜式平台结构的疲劳分析方法。详细分析了传统子模型技术、多边界插值方法和改进多边界插值方法,提出了将多边界插值方法和改进多边界插值方法应用于深水半潜式平台结构的疲劳分析,可以满足计算精度的要求和有梁单元通过切割边界的情况,拓宽了子模型技术的应用范围。
(2)深水半潜式平台结构的疲劳寿命分析。建立了深水半潜式平台整体结构模型和局部子模型,分析了各种工况下平台整体结构的疲劳强度,确定了平台结构的疲劳关键部位。运用改进多边界插值方法分析了平台局部子模型不同工况下的应力响应,采用几何应力外插法计算了热点应力。基于疲劳累积损伤和疲劳裂纹扩展的疲劳分析方法,计算了平台关键节点的疲劳寿命。
(3)深水半潜式平台结构的疲劳可靠性及参数敏感性分析。应用S-N曲线法和断裂力学方法分析了深水半潜式平台关键部位的疲劳可靠性。结合中国南海12个海域的海况,计算了不同海域深水半潜式平台结构关键节点的疲劳可靠性指标和失效概率。分析了S-N曲线法中和断裂力学方法中的疲劳敏感性参数对平台疲劳可靠性指标的影响规律。
(4)深水半潜式平台结构关键节点的疲劳试验研究。研究了弯曲作用下关键节点中两类试件的疲劳寿命,分析了关键节点的疲劳破坏现象、疲劳破坏过程以及疲劳裂纹扩展规律。通过电镜扫描,研究了疲劳断口不同裂纹扩展区域的微观组织结构,揭示了疲劳裂纹扩展速率、裂纹扩展方向及疲劳破坏机理。
(5)深水半潜式平台结构关键节点的疲劳剩余极限强度试验研究。根据损伤容限设计原理,结合平台服役详细检修期,确定试验的疲劳循环加载次数。研究了两类关键节点试件焊接处打磨处理与未打磨处理的疲劳剩余极限强度,对比分析了焊接处的打磨与否对疲劳性能的影响。
(6)深水半潜式平台结构关键节点的疲劳监测试验研究。基于FBG监测原理,对平台结构关键节点进行了疲劳监测试验研究和疲劳极限强度监测试验研究,分析了试验监测值与实测值的位移及应变变化规律,探讨了用FBG进行结构关键节点疲劳监测的合理性。
With the continuous development of offshore oil and gas to deepwater, deepwater semi-submersible platform (Semi) has become one of the major platforms in offshore oil industry, and the structural analysis technology of deepwater semi-submersible platform appears particularly important. In order to accelerate the exploration of oil and gas resources in deepwater area of South China Sea and insure the safe and reliable service of semi-submersible platform in deepwater, the key technology for deepwater platform have been brought into the eleventh five-year plan of "National Science and Technology Major Project". In this thesis, surrounding fatigue analysis technology of deepwater semi-submersible platform structures, the fatigue life and fatigue reliability for deepwater semi-submersible platform structures are analyzed, and fatigue tests and monitoring investigation on key joints of deepwater semi-submersible platform are carried out. The major contents are summarized as follows:
1. The study of fatigue analysis method for deepwater semi-submersible platform. Traditional sub-model technique, multiple interpolation method and improved multiple interpolation method are analyzed in detail. The multiple interpolation method and improved multiple interpolation method are proposed for the fatigue analysis on deepwater semi-submersible platform structures and can be satisfied with the requirement of accuracy and the condition of beam element through the cut-boundary. The application of sub-model technique is broadened.
2. Fatigue life analysis on deepwater semi-submersible platform structures. The global finite element model and local finite element sub-models of key parts of deepwater semi-submersible platform are built. Fatigue strength of the global finite element model of deepwater Semi-submersible platform is analyzed under different sea states to determine the fatigue key parts. Stress response analyses on local finite element sub-models are carried out by using the improved multiple interpolation method. The hot spot stresses of fatigue key nodes are calculated by using the extrapolation of geometric stress. Based on the cumulative fatigue damage and fatigue crack growth, the fatigue lives of key nodes of deepwater semi-submersible platform are investigated.
3. Fatigue reliability and sensitivity analysis on deepwater semi-submersible platform structures. Based on the S-N curve approach and the fracture mechanics approach, the fatigue reliability analyses on key parts of deepwater semi-submersible platform are investigated. In connection with wave scatter diagram of12sea areas in South China Sea, fatigue reliability indexes and failure probabilities of key nodes of deepwater semi-submersible platform in different sea areas are calculated. Sensitivity analyses of the parameters in S-N curve approach and the fracture mechanics approach are analyzed to study the influences of the parameters on fatigue reliability of deepwater semi-submersible platform.
4. Fatigue test on key joint of deepwater semi-submersible platform structures. The fatigue lives of two types of key joints under bending loads are investigated, and the analyses of fatigue failure phenomenon, fatigue failure procedures and fatigue crack growth law are carried out. Through the scanning electron microscope, microstructures of different regions in fatigue fractures are analyzed to reveal the fatigue crack growth rates, directions and the fatigue failure mechanism.
5. Residual fatigue strength test on key joint of deepwater semi-submersible platform structures. Based on the damage tolerance design principle, the fatigue loading cycles are determined in connection with the detailed periodic inspection of deepwater semi-submersible platform during the service life. The residual fatigue strength tests on two types of key joints with grinding weld toe and no grinding weld toe are investigated, and the influences of the weld grinding or not on the fatigue performances are presented by the comparative analysis.
6. Fatigue monitoring test on key joint of deepwater semi-submersible platform structures. Based on the monitoring principle of fiber Bragg grating (FBG). fatigue monitoring test and residual fatigue strength monitoring test on key joints of deepwater semi-submersible platform structures are investigated, and the changing laws of strain and displacement are analyzed by comparing test results and monitoring results. The rationality of fatigue monitoring on key joints with FBG is discussed.
(1)建立了深水半潜式平台结构的疲劳分析方法。详细分析了传统子模型技术、多边界插值方法和改进多边界插值方法,提出了将多边界插值方法和改进多边界插值方法应用于深水半潜式平台结构的疲劳分析,可以满足计算精度的要求和有梁单元通过切割边界的情况,拓宽了子模型技术的应用范围。
(2)深水半潜式平台结构的疲劳寿命分析。建立了深水半潜式平台整体结构模型和局部子模型,分析了各种工况下平台整体结构的疲劳强度,确定了平台结构的疲劳关键部位。运用改进多边界插值方法分析了平台局部子模型不同工况下的应力响应,采用几何应力外插法计算了热点应力。基于疲劳累积损伤和疲劳裂纹扩展的疲劳分析方法,计算了平台关键节点的疲劳寿命。
(3)深水半潜式平台结构的疲劳可靠性及参数敏感性分析。应用S-N曲线法和断裂力学方法分析了深水半潜式平台关键部位的疲劳可靠性。结合中国南海12个海域的海况,计算了不同海域深水半潜式平台结构关键节点的疲劳可靠性指标和失效概率。分析了S-N曲线法中和断裂力学方法中的疲劳敏感性参数对平台疲劳可靠性指标的影响规律。
(4)深水半潜式平台结构关键节点的疲劳试验研究。研究了弯曲作用下关键节点中两类试件的疲劳寿命,分析了关键节点的疲劳破坏现象、疲劳破坏过程以及疲劳裂纹扩展规律。通过电镜扫描,研究了疲劳断口不同裂纹扩展区域的微观组织结构,揭示了疲劳裂纹扩展速率、裂纹扩展方向及疲劳破坏机理。
(5)深水半潜式平台结构关键节点的疲劳剩余极限强度试验研究。根据损伤容限设计原理,结合平台服役详细检修期,确定试验的疲劳循环加载次数。研究了两类关键节点试件焊接处打磨处理与未打磨处理的疲劳剩余极限强度,对比分析了焊接处的打磨与否对疲劳性能的影响。
(6)深水半潜式平台结构关键节点的疲劳监测试验研究。基于FBG监测原理,对平台结构关键节点进行了疲劳监测试验研究和疲劳极限强度监测试验研究,分析了试验监测值与实测值的位移及应变变化规律,探讨了用FBG进行结构关键节点疲劳监测的合理性。
With the continuous development of offshore oil and gas to deepwater, deepwater semi-submersible platform (Semi) has become one of the major platforms in offshore oil industry, and the structural analysis technology of deepwater semi-submersible platform appears particularly important. In order to accelerate the exploration of oil and gas resources in deepwater area of South China Sea and insure the safe and reliable service of semi-submersible platform in deepwater, the key technology for deepwater platform have been brought into the eleventh five-year plan of "National Science and Technology Major Project". In this thesis, surrounding fatigue analysis technology of deepwater semi-submersible platform structures, the fatigue life and fatigue reliability for deepwater semi-submersible platform structures are analyzed, and fatigue tests and monitoring investigation on key joints of deepwater semi-submersible platform are carried out. The major contents are summarized as follows:
1. The study of fatigue analysis method for deepwater semi-submersible platform. Traditional sub-model technique, multiple interpolation method and improved multiple interpolation method are analyzed in detail. The multiple interpolation method and improved multiple interpolation method are proposed for the fatigue analysis on deepwater semi-submersible platform structures and can be satisfied with the requirement of accuracy and the condition of beam element through the cut-boundary. The application of sub-model technique is broadened.
2. Fatigue life analysis on deepwater semi-submersible platform structures. The global finite element model and local finite element sub-models of key parts of deepwater semi-submersible platform are built. Fatigue strength of the global finite element model of deepwater Semi-submersible platform is analyzed under different sea states to determine the fatigue key parts. Stress response analyses on local finite element sub-models are carried out by using the improved multiple interpolation method. The hot spot stresses of fatigue key nodes are calculated by using the extrapolation of geometric stress. Based on the cumulative fatigue damage and fatigue crack growth, the fatigue lives of key nodes of deepwater semi-submersible platform are investigated.
3. Fatigue reliability and sensitivity analysis on deepwater semi-submersible platform structures. Based on the S-N curve approach and the fracture mechanics approach, the fatigue reliability analyses on key parts of deepwater semi-submersible platform are investigated. In connection with wave scatter diagram of12sea areas in South China Sea, fatigue reliability indexes and failure probabilities of key nodes of deepwater semi-submersible platform in different sea areas are calculated. Sensitivity analyses of the parameters in S-N curve approach and the fracture mechanics approach are analyzed to study the influences of the parameters on fatigue reliability of deepwater semi-submersible platform.
4. Fatigue test on key joint of deepwater semi-submersible platform structures. The fatigue lives of two types of key joints under bending loads are investigated, and the analyses of fatigue failure phenomenon, fatigue failure procedures and fatigue crack growth law are carried out. Through the scanning electron microscope, microstructures of different regions in fatigue fractures are analyzed to reveal the fatigue crack growth rates, directions and the fatigue failure mechanism.
5. Residual fatigue strength test on key joint of deepwater semi-submersible platform structures. Based on the damage tolerance design principle, the fatigue loading cycles are determined in connection with the detailed periodic inspection of deepwater semi-submersible platform during the service life. The residual fatigue strength tests on two types of key joints with grinding weld toe and no grinding weld toe are investigated, and the influences of the weld grinding or not on the fatigue performances are presented by the comparative analysis.
6. Fatigue monitoring test on key joint of deepwater semi-submersible platform structures. Based on the monitoring principle of fiber Bragg grating (FBG). fatigue monitoring test and residual fatigue strength monitoring test on key joints of deepwater semi-submersible platform structures are investigated, and the changing laws of strain and displacement are analyzed by comparing test results and monitoring results. The rationality of fatigue monitoring on key joints with FBG is discussed.
引文
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