辽河滩海西部古近系层序地层特征及其控藏作用
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摘要
辽河滩海地区位于渤海湾盆地北部,属辽河盆地与辽东湾地区构造单元的过渡区带,是形成于中—新生代的陆相断陷型盆地。论文将层序地层学基本理论与研究区油气勘探实践相结合,详细研究了古近系沉积地层中层序界面性质及分布、层序结构及充填演化特征,总结了层序地层对油气藏形成的控制作用,结合油气输导与运移分析,综合评价了研究区重点有利区带。
依据钻测井、地震及古生物响应特征,在辽河滩海西部地区古近系识别出区域性地层剥蚀削截面、地层侵蚀-超覆面及沉积旋回转换面三种类型12个三级层序界面,其中二级层序界面构型整体表现出明显的纵向继承性与横向分带性,洼陷区地层接触关系以整合为主,斜坡区形成超覆不整合,上斜坡区为上超下削型不整合区。以此为基础,建立了古近系层序地层格架,修正了原始地质分层,明确了海南地区角砾岩的归属,并指出了该套角砾岩的有利勘探方向。
层序发育总体具有北厚南薄、中间厚两侧薄的特征。西部斜坡带层序发育齐全,但厚度相对较薄,层序结构清晰;海南洼陷带未沉积层序SQ1,但层序厚度大,接受了一套湖相细粒沉积;中央凸起带SQ5时期接受沉积,各层序逐层超覆于月东潜山。纵向上,各层序充填范围不断扩大,断陷期层序单元发育齐全,低位域展布受控于同沉积断裂及古地形,分布范围逐渐扩大,断拗转换期的SQ9-SQ11层序缺失低位域。
层序格架内发育多套有利的生储盖组合,油气富集单元在纵向与横向上均表现出明显的差异性。西斜坡、笔架岭地区,SQ4—SQ6的低位域及高位域油气分布几率高;海南地区SQ6-SQ8的低位域是主要含油气单元;月东地区油气主要赋存于SQ9-SQ11水进域及高位域。
古近系不同时期发育多级次不同类型的坡折带,控制了有利砂体及岩性—地层圈闭的分布。三角洲平原分流河道砂体的分布受控于高位坡折,其下发育前缘水下分流河道、席状砂,斜坡扇及水进期超覆圈闭围绕高位坡折分布;低位坡折控制着水下扇、湖底扇和滑塌浊积岩等有利岩性圈闭的展布。不同时期层序界面形态对油气运移有重要影响,断裂及“构造脊”成为油气运移的有利通道,笔架岭构造带、葫东斜坡带及海南—仙鹤地区是各时期油气运移主要指向区。结合储盖组合、圈闭条件等油气成藏控制因素,对上述区带进行了综合评价。
Liaohe beach area, locating at the north of Bohai Bay Basin which is the transition area of Liaohe basin and Liaodong bay tectonic unit, is a Mesozoic-Cenozoic faulted basin. Combining the sequence stratigraphy theory and the prospecting practice in this area, the character and the distribution of the sequence boundaries, the sequence architecture and the filling evolution of paleogen were studied. Based on the summary of the sequence stratigraphy control on reservoir formation and the analysis of the oil and gas migration, the focal profitable area was evaluated.
According to drilling, logging, seismic and palaeophyte data in the west of Liaohe beach, twelve third order sequence boundaries were identified in paleogen. They can be classified to three kinds: regional unconformity, erosional and overlapping surface and transition surface of deposition cycle. The configuration of second order sequence boundaries were vertically succeeded and horizontally zoned. The strata in the sag deposited continuously. There developed unconformities of overlapping in the slope and unconformities of truncation and overlapping in the upper part of slope. Based on this, the sequence stratigraphy framework was established and the original geologic zonation was adjusted. The attachment and profitable prospecting direction of breccia in Hainan area were confirmed.
Totally, the sequences in the north and middle are thicker than that in south and both sides. The sequences in western slope developed completely, but they are relatively thin and the architecture of them is clear. In Hainan sag, SQ1 was not developed, but the sequences are thicker. The sediments are fine particles of lacustrine facies. In the middle swell, the sedimentation began at SQ5, every sequence overlapped on the Yuedong buried hill. Vertically, the filling area extended gradually. In fault depression period, the sequence units developed completely. The distribution of low stand system tracts extended continuously and controlled by synsedimentary faults and palaeotopography. In transition of fault-depression, SQ9-SQ11 did not develop the low stand system tract.
There developed several profitable source rock-reservoir-cap rock assemblages in the sequence framework. The oil-gas accumulation units change vertically and horizontally. The oil-gas mainly distribute in low stand system tracts and high-stand system tracts of SQ4 and SQ6 in western slope and Bijialing area. In Hainan area, the low stand system tracts of SQ6-SQ8 are the main units of oil-gas accumulation. In Yuedong area, the oil-gas mainly distributes in transgressive system tracts and high stand system tracts of SQ9- SQ11.
Mutual grade slope breaks of different kinds were developed in paleogen. The distribution of the profitable sand body and lithologic-stratigraphic traps were controlled by the slope breaks. The sand body of deltaic plain channel only developed above the high position slope breaks and the delta front sheet sand and underwater channel only developed below the high position slope breaks. The slope fan and overlap traps developed around the high position slope breaks while the distribution of the subsea apron, sublacustrine fan and fluxoturbidite were controlled by low position slope breaks. Obviously, the shape of sequence boundaries in different period influenced the migration of oil-gas. The faults and structure ridges became the beneficial pathway. Bijialing structural zone, Hudong slope and Hainan-Xianhe area were the main migration directive area. Combining reservoir-cap rock assemblage, trap condition and reservoir formation, they were evaluated comprehensively.
依据钻测井、地震及古生物响应特征,在辽河滩海西部地区古近系识别出区域性地层剥蚀削截面、地层侵蚀-超覆面及沉积旋回转换面三种类型12个三级层序界面,其中二级层序界面构型整体表现出明显的纵向继承性与横向分带性,洼陷区地层接触关系以整合为主,斜坡区形成超覆不整合,上斜坡区为上超下削型不整合区。以此为基础,建立了古近系层序地层格架,修正了原始地质分层,明确了海南地区角砾岩的归属,并指出了该套角砾岩的有利勘探方向。
层序发育总体具有北厚南薄、中间厚两侧薄的特征。西部斜坡带层序发育齐全,但厚度相对较薄,层序结构清晰;海南洼陷带未沉积层序SQ1,但层序厚度大,接受了一套湖相细粒沉积;中央凸起带SQ5时期接受沉积,各层序逐层超覆于月东潜山。纵向上,各层序充填范围不断扩大,断陷期层序单元发育齐全,低位域展布受控于同沉积断裂及古地形,分布范围逐渐扩大,断拗转换期的SQ9-SQ11层序缺失低位域。
层序格架内发育多套有利的生储盖组合,油气富集单元在纵向与横向上均表现出明显的差异性。西斜坡、笔架岭地区,SQ4—SQ6的低位域及高位域油气分布几率高;海南地区SQ6-SQ8的低位域是主要含油气单元;月东地区油气主要赋存于SQ9-SQ11水进域及高位域。
古近系不同时期发育多级次不同类型的坡折带,控制了有利砂体及岩性—地层圈闭的分布。三角洲平原分流河道砂体的分布受控于高位坡折,其下发育前缘水下分流河道、席状砂,斜坡扇及水进期超覆圈闭围绕高位坡折分布;低位坡折控制着水下扇、湖底扇和滑塌浊积岩等有利岩性圈闭的展布。不同时期层序界面形态对油气运移有重要影响,断裂及“构造脊”成为油气运移的有利通道,笔架岭构造带、葫东斜坡带及海南—仙鹤地区是各时期油气运移主要指向区。结合储盖组合、圈闭条件等油气成藏控制因素,对上述区带进行了综合评价。
Liaohe beach area, locating at the north of Bohai Bay Basin which is the transition area of Liaohe basin and Liaodong bay tectonic unit, is a Mesozoic-Cenozoic faulted basin. Combining the sequence stratigraphy theory and the prospecting practice in this area, the character and the distribution of the sequence boundaries, the sequence architecture and the filling evolution of paleogen were studied. Based on the summary of the sequence stratigraphy control on reservoir formation and the analysis of the oil and gas migration, the focal profitable area was evaluated.
According to drilling, logging, seismic and palaeophyte data in the west of Liaohe beach, twelve third order sequence boundaries were identified in paleogen. They can be classified to three kinds: regional unconformity, erosional and overlapping surface and transition surface of deposition cycle. The configuration of second order sequence boundaries were vertically succeeded and horizontally zoned. The strata in the sag deposited continuously. There developed unconformities of overlapping in the slope and unconformities of truncation and overlapping in the upper part of slope. Based on this, the sequence stratigraphy framework was established and the original geologic zonation was adjusted. The attachment and profitable prospecting direction of breccia in Hainan area were confirmed.
Totally, the sequences in the north and middle are thicker than that in south and both sides. The sequences in western slope developed completely, but they are relatively thin and the architecture of them is clear. In Hainan sag, SQ1 was not developed, but the sequences are thicker. The sediments are fine particles of lacustrine facies. In the middle swell, the sedimentation began at SQ5, every sequence overlapped on the Yuedong buried hill. Vertically, the filling area extended gradually. In fault depression period, the sequence units developed completely. The distribution of low stand system tracts extended continuously and controlled by synsedimentary faults and palaeotopography. In transition of fault-depression, SQ9-SQ11 did not develop the low stand system tract.
There developed several profitable source rock-reservoir-cap rock assemblages in the sequence framework. The oil-gas accumulation units change vertically and horizontally. The oil-gas mainly distribute in low stand system tracts and high-stand system tracts of SQ4 and SQ6 in western slope and Bijialing area. In Hainan area, the low stand system tracts of SQ6-SQ8 are the main units of oil-gas accumulation. In Yuedong area, the oil-gas mainly distributes in transgressive system tracts and high stand system tracts of SQ9- SQ11.
Mutual grade slope breaks of different kinds were developed in paleogen. The distribution of the profitable sand body and lithologic-stratigraphic traps were controlled by the slope breaks. The sand body of deltaic plain channel only developed above the high position slope breaks and the delta front sheet sand and underwater channel only developed below the high position slope breaks. The slope fan and overlap traps developed around the high position slope breaks while the distribution of the subsea apron, sublacustrine fan and fluxoturbidite were controlled by low position slope breaks. Obviously, the shape of sequence boundaries in different period influenced the migration of oil-gas. The faults and structure ridges became the beneficial pathway. Bijialing structural zone, Hudong slope and Hainan-Xianhe area were the main migration directive area. Combining reservoir-cap rock assemblage, trap condition and reservoir formation, they were evaluated comprehensively.
引文
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