矿井老空水形成机制与防水煤柱留设研究
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摘要
本文运用地质、水文地质、采矿矿压和数值模拟等学科的理论和方法,以淮南潘一矿、谢桥矿、张集矿、孔集矿、新庄孜矿为实施矿井,系统研究了矿井老空水的基本特征。根据对老空水水害事故的调研,提出了采煤(掘进)工作面老空水水害的分类原则和分类方法。通过充水水源、充水通道、聚水空间的分析,系统研究了老空水的形成机制。运用数值模拟方法研究了采动影响下老空水防水煤柱的留设。研究了老空水的预测预报方法与防治技术。结果表明,淮南煤田老空水具有不均衡分布的特点,多数老空水以静态储存水量为主；老空水位于工作面煤层底板标高相对低处,主要位于冒落带内。根据淮南煤田老空水实际数据,采用非线性理论建立了采空区积水系数的预测模型,结合应用验证了模型的科学性和合理性。老空水的形成是一个复杂的渗流-应力-围岩三者藕合作用下的动态过程,老空水的形成机制具有多样性。煤柱的宽度对地层沉降影响显著,充水情况下采空区的孔隙水压力是随着煤柱宽度增加而逐渐减小的,孔隙水压力的显著改变对煤柱节点位移的影响却比较小,防水煤柱的合理留设宽度在本次模拟的三种工况下表现出较为一致的规律。在本次对淮南潘集一矿的模拟中,将煤柱宽度留设为8m左右较为合理。
Basic characteristics of mine goaf water were studied in detail by theories and means of geology, hydrogeology, mine pressure and numerical simulation in this dissertation. The research is carried on the basis of the field cases of Huainan Panyi Coal Mine, Xieqiao Coal Mine, Zhangji Coal Mine, Kongji Coal Mine and Xinzhuangzi Coal Mine. The classification principle and modes of goaf water accidents in working faces were put forward based on their accidents investigation. By the analysis of the supplied water-source, the supplied water-pathway, and the accumulated water-inter space, the mechanism of goaf water was studied systematically. The optimization analysis on the goaf waterproof coal pillar dimension under mining was studied with the numerical simulation modeling. The prediction means of goaf water and its prevention technique were studied. The results show that the features of goaf water in Huainan coal basin includes distributive-unbalanced, static state deposited principally, low position of the working place coal layer bottom bed and mostly at the inner collapsed zone. The forecasting model of value set for goaf water filled was presented according the field tested data in Huainan coal basin with the nonlinear theory analysis. The rationality of this model was validated by the application cases studies. Forming goaf water is a process of dynamic diversification under the coupling action among seepage, stress and surrounding rock. This is a multi-factors influenced goaf water formed mechanism. It is prominent influence factor that width of waterproof coal pillar for displacement of stratum. Under the condition of supplied with water the pressure of pore water decrease gradually along with increase of width of waterproof coal pillar. It is varies little that the influence of coal pillar node displacement on account of pore water pressure transformation remarkably. The consistent disciplinarian was represented for logical width of waterproof coal pillar under three case schemes in this numerical simulation. The width of pillar with 8 m can be regarded as the most ideality size for Panyi Coal Mine.
Basic characteristics of mine goaf water were studied in detail by theories and means of geology, hydrogeology, mine pressure and numerical simulation in this dissertation. The research is carried on the basis of the field cases of Huainan Panyi Coal Mine, Xieqiao Coal Mine, Zhangji Coal Mine, Kongji Coal Mine and Xinzhuangzi Coal Mine. The classification principle and modes of goaf water accidents in working faces were put forward based on their accidents investigation. By the analysis of the supplied water-source, the supplied water-pathway, and the accumulated water-inter space, the mechanism of goaf water was studied systematically. The optimization analysis on the goaf waterproof coal pillar dimension under mining was studied with the numerical simulation modeling. The prediction means of goaf water and its prevention technique were studied. The results show that the features of goaf water in Huainan coal basin includes distributive-unbalanced, static state deposited principally, low position of the working place coal layer bottom bed and mostly at the inner collapsed zone. The forecasting model of value set for goaf water filled was presented according the field tested data in Huainan coal basin with the nonlinear theory analysis. The rationality of this model was validated by the application cases studies. Forming goaf water is a process of dynamic diversification under the coupling action among seepage, stress and surrounding rock. This is a multi-factors influenced goaf water formed mechanism. It is prominent influence factor that width of waterproof coal pillar for displacement of stratum. Under the condition of supplied with water the pressure of pore water decrease gradually along with increase of width of waterproof coal pillar. It is varies little that the influence of coal pillar node displacement on account of pore water pressure transformation remarkably. The consistent disciplinarian was represented for logical width of waterproof coal pillar under three case schemes in this numerical simulation. The width of pillar with 8 m can be regarded as the most ideality size for Panyi Coal Mine.
引文
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