规模化畜禽养殖废弃物处理的技术经济优化研究
|
摘要
近年来,随着我国畜牧业的快速发展,规模化畜禽养殖废弃物污染日益严重。与传统散养方式相比,规模化的养殖方式在利用规模经济提升生产效益的同时,也使得畜禽粪便及污水等废弃物大量集中,如果这些废弃物处理不当将会给周边自然环境和居民健康带来巨大的危害。如何治理规模化养殖业废弃物污染,开展废弃物的资源化利用,实现畜禽养殖与农村生态环境的协调发展,已经成为各级政府和学术界共同关注的重大现实问题。
本文首先对国内外规模化畜禽养殖废弃物处理和利用的基础理论、模型运用和技术成果进行了系统的分析和梳理,总结了我国畜禽养殖废弃物处理与利用方式、资源化利用状况、技术采用情况和政策管理等方面存在的问题,并以北郎中村规模化生猪养殖及其废弃物处理情况为例,分析了这些问题存在的内在原因。在此基础上,根据生态经济模型的研究框架,构建了“北郎中村生猪养殖及废弃物处理的生态经济模型”(BLZEEM模型),以此来考察在现实情景下养殖废弃物处理和利用的优化选择问题,为北郎中村的养殖废弃物处理提供相关管理建议。接着本文对BLZEEM模型进行扩展,引入“技术集”构建了“扩展的北郎中村生猪养殖及废弃物处理的生态经济模型”(E-BLZEEM模型),并运用该模型来模拟分析在技术可变、环境标准变化、养殖规模以及市场情境变化情景下的废弃物处理与利用方式及相关技术采用的优化选择。本文研究内容主要涉及以下三个方面：
第一,农牧有机结合背景下养殖方式和养殖废弃物处理方式的优化选择。通过BLZEEM模型,研究在当前养殖和生产和技术条件下,如何通过废弃物处理处理与养分管理的有机结合以及养殖方式和废弃物处理方式的优化选择,实现在满足一定环境要求下的农场整体经济利益的最大化。
第二,畜禽养殖业废弃物处理和资源化利用的技术优化选择。运用E-BLZEEM模型,在一定的环境标准和市场情景下对养殖规模、废弃物处理方式和技术选择进行优化,以使得整个农场生产系统与变化中的市场情景和环境要求相适应并增加农场的整体收益。
第三,环境政策、养殖规模和市场情景变化对资源利用方式、技术采用以及农场收益的影响分析。模拟在环境标准、养殖规模以及市场条件变化情景下,为保证一定的生态环境效益并实现农场经济利益最大化,养殖方式、废弃物处理与利用方式以及技术选择的变化反应。对不同情景下的模拟结果进行比较分析,并结合当前管理状况,得出相应的研究结论和政策启示。
本文的创新之处在于将技术、经济和环境变量纳入一个整体的分析框架,开发了一个包含畜禽养殖及其废弃物处理与资源化利用整个系统的技术经济优化模型,来模拟分析不同情景下养殖规模和废弃物处理工艺技术的优化选择及其对经济效益和生态环境效益的影响,产生了一些新的研究成果。
With the rapid development of animal husbandry in recent years, pollution of concentrated animal feedlot operations (CAFOs) waste is gradually expanding. Compared with the traditional free-range style, CAFOs improve production efficiency, as well as make large number of concentration of manure and sewage. If the vast waste is not handled properly, it will bring enormous harm to the local natural environment and the health of residents. It has become a major practical problem of common concern from government and academia that how to dispose the waste and reuse the organic waste as resources to coordinate the development of CAFOs and rural ecological environment.
This dissertation begins with a review of existing studies of foundation theories, models and technologies concerning on CAFOs waste treatment and resource utilization. Then, it summarizes current problem in CAFOs waste treatment, resource utilization, technology adoption and policy making in China. Meanwhile, take the case of Beilangzhong village to investigate the problem of CAFOs waste treatment. Subsequently, according to the framework of ecological-economic model, "Beilangzhong ecological-economic model of pig farm and waste treatment"(BLZEEM) is developed under given production condition and waste treatment technology to investigate the optimization of waste treatment and utilization in real static scenario, and then suggestion about waste treatment in Beilangzhong is recommended. In order to simulate the reaction in different scenarios BLZEEM is extended to the new model-"Extended Beilangzhong ecological-economic model of pig farm and waste treatment"(E-BLZEEM) by the introduction of "technologies set" and. E-BLZEEM stimulates optimal selection of waste treatment, resource utilization and technology adoption when technology, environment standard and market changes. Three aspects are included in the study:
First, CAFOs and its waste treatment are optimized under the context of the combination of agriculture and pasture. By constructing "Beilangzhong ecological-economic model", the author studies how to combine CAFOs waste treatment and nutrient management and optimal select waste disposal methods to achieve benefit maximization of the whole farm under meeting given environmental standards.
Second, Technologies in CAFOs waste treatment and resource utilization are optimized. E-BLZEEM model stimulates the optimization of production decision, management and technology adoption under certain environmental standards and market scenarios to make the whole production system adapt to environmental and market requirements in changes.
Third, when environmental policy and market scenarios changes, its impact on resource use, technology adoption and farm income is analyzed. E-BLZEEM model simulates how CAFOs, CAFOs waste treatment, resource utilization and technology adoption adjust to changes of environmental standards, farm scale and market condition to ensure certain bio-environmental benefit and maximize farm's economic benefit. Suggestions are proposed based on comparison of results in different scenarios.
The innovation that this dissertation makes are the follows:it introduce a whole analytical framework including technical, economic and environmental variables, develop a technical-economic model that contains the system including CAFOs, CAFOs waste treatment, resource utilization to simulate the optimization of technology adoption and its impact on economics and ecological environment under different scenarios, and get some theoretical results.
本文首先对国内外规模化畜禽养殖废弃物处理和利用的基础理论、模型运用和技术成果进行了系统的分析和梳理,总结了我国畜禽养殖废弃物处理与利用方式、资源化利用状况、技术采用情况和政策管理等方面存在的问题,并以北郎中村规模化生猪养殖及其废弃物处理情况为例,分析了这些问题存在的内在原因。在此基础上,根据生态经济模型的研究框架,构建了“北郎中村生猪养殖及废弃物处理的生态经济模型”(BLZEEM模型),以此来考察在现实情景下养殖废弃物处理和利用的优化选择问题,为北郎中村的养殖废弃物处理提供相关管理建议。接着本文对BLZEEM模型进行扩展,引入“技术集”构建了“扩展的北郎中村生猪养殖及废弃物处理的生态经济模型”(E-BLZEEM模型),并运用该模型来模拟分析在技术可变、环境标准变化、养殖规模以及市场情境变化情景下的废弃物处理与利用方式及相关技术采用的优化选择。本文研究内容主要涉及以下三个方面：
第一,农牧有机结合背景下养殖方式和养殖废弃物处理方式的优化选择。通过BLZEEM模型,研究在当前养殖和生产和技术条件下,如何通过废弃物处理处理与养分管理的有机结合以及养殖方式和废弃物处理方式的优化选择,实现在满足一定环境要求下的农场整体经济利益的最大化。
第二,畜禽养殖业废弃物处理和资源化利用的技术优化选择。运用E-BLZEEM模型,在一定的环境标准和市场情景下对养殖规模、废弃物处理方式和技术选择进行优化,以使得整个农场生产系统与变化中的市场情景和环境要求相适应并增加农场的整体收益。
第三,环境政策、养殖规模和市场情景变化对资源利用方式、技术采用以及农场收益的影响分析。模拟在环境标准、养殖规模以及市场条件变化情景下,为保证一定的生态环境效益并实现农场经济利益最大化,养殖方式、废弃物处理与利用方式以及技术选择的变化反应。对不同情景下的模拟结果进行比较分析,并结合当前管理状况,得出相应的研究结论和政策启示。
本文的创新之处在于将技术、经济和环境变量纳入一个整体的分析框架,开发了一个包含畜禽养殖及其废弃物处理与资源化利用整个系统的技术经济优化模型,来模拟分析不同情景下养殖规模和废弃物处理工艺技术的优化选择及其对经济效益和生态环境效益的影响,产生了一些新的研究成果。
With the rapid development of animal husbandry in recent years, pollution of concentrated animal feedlot operations (CAFOs) waste is gradually expanding. Compared with the traditional free-range style, CAFOs improve production efficiency, as well as make large number of concentration of manure and sewage. If the vast waste is not handled properly, it will bring enormous harm to the local natural environment and the health of residents. It has become a major practical problem of common concern from government and academia that how to dispose the waste and reuse the organic waste as resources to coordinate the development of CAFOs and rural ecological environment.
This dissertation begins with a review of existing studies of foundation theories, models and technologies concerning on CAFOs waste treatment and resource utilization. Then, it summarizes current problem in CAFOs waste treatment, resource utilization, technology adoption and policy making in China. Meanwhile, take the case of Beilangzhong village to investigate the problem of CAFOs waste treatment. Subsequently, according to the framework of ecological-economic model, "Beilangzhong ecological-economic model of pig farm and waste treatment"(BLZEEM) is developed under given production condition and waste treatment technology to investigate the optimization of waste treatment and utilization in real static scenario, and then suggestion about waste treatment in Beilangzhong is recommended. In order to simulate the reaction in different scenarios BLZEEM is extended to the new model-"Extended Beilangzhong ecological-economic model of pig farm and waste treatment"(E-BLZEEM) by the introduction of "technologies set" and. E-BLZEEM stimulates optimal selection of waste treatment, resource utilization and technology adoption when technology, environment standard and market changes. Three aspects are included in the study:
First, CAFOs and its waste treatment are optimized under the context of the combination of agriculture and pasture. By constructing "Beilangzhong ecological-economic model", the author studies how to combine CAFOs waste treatment and nutrient management and optimal select waste disposal methods to achieve benefit maximization of the whole farm under meeting given environmental standards.
Second, Technologies in CAFOs waste treatment and resource utilization are optimized. E-BLZEEM model stimulates the optimization of production decision, management and technology adoption under certain environmental standards and market scenarios to make the whole production system adapt to environmental and market requirements in changes.
Third, when environmental policy and market scenarios changes, its impact on resource use, technology adoption and farm income is analyzed. E-BLZEEM model simulates how CAFOs, CAFOs waste treatment, resource utilization and technology adoption adjust to changes of environmental standards, farm scale and market condition to ensure certain bio-environmental benefit and maximize farm's economic benefit. Suggestions are proposed based on comparison of results in different scenarios.
The innovation that this dissertation makes are the follows:it introduce a whole analytical framework including technical, economic and environmental variables, develop a technical-economic model that contains the system including CAFOs, CAFOs waste treatment, resource utilization to simulate the optimization of technology adoption and its impact on economics and ecological environment under different scenarios, and get some theoretical results.
引文
[1]Abadi Ghadim, A. K. Water repellency:a whole-farm bio-economic perspective. Journal of Hydrology,2000,231-232:396-405.
[2]Anderson, C. L. The production process:Inputs and wastes. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management,1987,14 (1):1-12.
[3]Anderson, N., Strader, R.& Davidson, C. Airborne reduced nitrogen:ammonia emissions from agriculture and other sources. Environment International,2003, 29:2777-2786.
[4]Antle, J. M.& Capalbo, S. M. Econometric-process models for integrated assessment of agricultural production systems. American Journal of Agricultural Economics,2001,83:389-401.
[5]Apland, J. The use of field days in economic models of crop farms. Journal of Production Agriculture,1993,6:437-444.
[6]Archer, D. W.& Shogren, J. F. Risk-indexed herbicide taxes to reduce ground and surface water pollution:an integrated ecological economics evaluation. Ecological Economics,2001,38:227-250.
[7]Austin, E. J., Willock, J.& Deary, I. J.et al. Empirical models of farmer behaviour using psychological, social and economic variables. Part I:linear modelling. Agricultural Systems,1998,58:203.
[8]Ayres, R. U.& Kneese, A. V. Production, consumption and extemalities. American Economic Review,1969,59 (3):282-297.
[9]Barbier, B.& Bergeron, G. mpact of policy interventions on land management in Honduras:results of a bioeconomic model. Agricultural Systems,1999,60:1-16.
[10]Bartolini, F., Bazzani, G. M.& Gallerani, V.et al. The impact of water and agriculture policy scenarios on irrigated farming systems in Italy:an analysis based on farm level multiattribute linear programming models. Agricultural Systems,2007,93:90-114.
[11]Belcher, K. W., Boehm, M. M.& Fulton, M. E. Agroecosystem sustainability:a system simulation model approach. Agricultural Systems,2004,79:225-241.
[12]Beline, F., Daumer, M. L.& Guiziou, F. Biological aerobic treatment of pig slurry in France:nutrients removal efficiency and separation performances. Transactions of the ASAE,2004,47 (3):857-864.
[13]Beline, F., Martinez, J.& Chadwick, D.et al. Factors affecting nitrogen transformations and related nitrous oxide emissions from aerobically treated piggery slurry. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research,1999,73 (3): 235-243.
[14]Benoit, M.& Veysset, P. onversion of cattle and sheep suckler farming to organic farming:adaptation of the farming system and its economic consequences. Livestock Production Science,2003,80:141-152.
[15]Berentsen, P. Effects of animal productivity on the costs of complying with environmental legislation in Dutch dairy farming. Livestock Production Science, 2003,84:183-194.
[16]Berentsen, P.& Giesen, G. Economic and environmental consequences of different governmental policies to reduce N losses on dairy farms. Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science,1994,42:11-19.
[17]Berger, T. Agent-based spatial models applied to agriculture:a simulation tool for technology diffusion, resource use changes and policy analysis. Agricultural Economics,2001,25:245-260.
[18]Bergevoet, R. H. M., Ondersteijn, C. J. M.& Saatkamp, H. W.et al. Entrepreneurial behaviour of Dutch dairy farmers under a milk quota system: goals, objectives and attitudes. Agricultural Systems,2004,80:1-21.
[19]Berntsen, J., Petersen, B. M.& Jacobsen, B. H.et al. Evaluating nitrogen taxation scenarios using the dynamic whole farm simulation model FASSET. Agricultural Systems,2003,76:817-839.
[20]Beukes, P. C., Cowling, R. M.& Higgins, S. I. An ecological economic simulation model of a non-selective grazing system in the Nama Karoo, South Africa. Ecological Economics,2002,42:221-242.
[21]Boiran, B., Couton, Y.& Germon, J. C. Nitrification and denitrification of liquid lagoon piggery waste in a biofilm infiltration-percolation aerated system (BIPAS) reactor. Bioresource Technology,1996,55 (1):63-11.
[22]Boulding, K. E., Economic Analysis. Harper & Bros., New York.1966:1-87.
[23]Bouma, J., Stoorvogel, J.& Van Alphen, B. J.et al. Pedology, precision agriculture, and the changing paradigm of agricultural research. Soil Science Society of America Journal,1999,63:1763-1768.
[24]Bouzaher, A., Cabe, R., Johnson, S.R., et al. CEEPES:An Evolving System for Agroenvironmental Policy. In:Milon, J.W., Shogren, J.F. (Eds.), Integrating Economics and Ecological Indicators:Practical Methods for Environmental Policy Analysis. Praeger, Westport, Connecticut,1995:67-90.
[25]Bouzaher, A., Lakshminarayan, P. G., Johnson, S. R., et al.,1993a. The economic and environmental indicators for evaluating the national pilot project on livestock and the environment. Livestock Series Report 1. Card Staff Report 93-SR 64. Center for Agricultural and Rural Development (CARD). Ames:Iowa State.
[26]Bouzaher, A., Johnson, S. R., Neibergs, S., et al.,1993b. The conceptual framework for the national pilot project on livestock and environment. Livestock Series Report 2. Card Staff Report 93-SR 67. Center for Agricultural and Rural Development (CARD). Ames:Iowa State.
[27]Brady, M.,2003. Managing agriculture and water quality. Four Essays on the Control of Large-scale Nitrogen Pollution. Agraria 369. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae Sueciae. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, ISBN 91-576-6199-5.
[28]Breeuwsma, A., Silva, S. Phosphorus fertilization and environmental effects in the Netherlands and the Po region (Italy). Agric. Res. Dep. Rep.57. Winand Staring Centre for Integrated Land, Soil and Water Res., Wageningen, the Netherlands.1992.
[29]Burton, C. H.& Martinez, J. Contrasting the management of livestock manures in Europe with that practised in Asia:what lessons can be learnt? Outlook on Agriculture,2008,37 (3):195-201.
[30]Burton, C. H., Sneath, R. W.& Misselbrook, T. H.et al. The effect of farmscale aerobic treatment of piggery slurry on odour concentration, intensity and offensiveness. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research,1998,71 (2) 203-211.
[31]Burton, C.H., Turner, C. (Eds.), Manure Management-Treatment Strategies for Sustainable Agriculture, second ed. Silsoe Research Institute, Wrest Park, Silsoe, Bedford, UK,2003:490.
[32]Catelo, M. A. O., Narrod, C. A.& Tiongco, M. M. Living with Livestock: Dealing with Pig Waste in the Philippines [R]. Economy and Environment Program for Southeast Asia (EEPSEA) Research Report,2001. http://www.idrc.ca/eepsea/ev-8256-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html.
[33]Chinh, N. Q. Dairy Cattle Development:Environmental Consequences and Pollution Control Options in Hanoi Province, North Vietnam[R]. Economy and Environment Program for Southeast Asia (EEPSEA) Research Report,2005. http://www.idrc.ca/uploads/user-S/11502734231ChinhRR6.pdf.
[34]Costanza, R. Ecological Economics:The Science and Management of Sustainability[M]. New York:Columbia University Press,1991:45-67.
[35]Costanza, R. What is ecological economics? Ecological Economics,1989,1:1-7.
[36]Costanza, R., Farber, C. S.& Maxwell, J. Valuation and management of wetland ecosystems. Ecological Economics,1989,1:335-361.
[37]Costanza, R., Wainger, L.& Folke, C.et al. Modeling complex ecological economic systems[J]. Bio-Science,1993,43:545-555.
[38]Crocker, T. D.& Tschirhart, J. Ecosystems, externalities, and economics. Environmental and Resource Economics,1992,2:551-567.
[39]Darwin, R., Tsigas, M.& Lewandrowski, M.et al. Land use and cover in ecological economics. Ecological Economics,1996,17 (3):157-181.
[40]De Buck, A. J., Hendrix, E. M. T.& Schoorlemmer, H. B. Analysing production and environmental risks in arable farming systems:a mathematical approach. European Journal of Operational Research,1999,119:416-426.
[41]De Clercq P., Gertsis A. C., Hofman G., et al. Nutrient Management Legislation in European Countries. Wageningen Press, Netherlands.2001:1-126.
[42]De Wit, C. T. Resource use efficiency in agriculture. Agricultural Systems,1992, 40:125-151.
[43]Dent, J. B., Edwards-Jones, G.& McGregor, M. J. Simulation of ecological, social and economic factors in agricultural systems. Agricultural Systems,1995,49: 337-351.
[44]Dietz, F. J.& Hoogervorst, N. J. P. Towards a sustainable and efficient use of manure in agriculture:The Dutch case. Environmental and Resource Economics, 1991,1:313-332.
[45]Dogliotti, S., Rossing, W. A. H.& van Ittersum, M. K. ROTAT, a tool for systematically generating crop rotations. European Journal of Agronomy,2003, 19:239-250.
[46]Dogliotti, S., van Ittersum, M. K.& Rossing, W. A. H. A method for exploring sustainable development options at farm scale:a case for vegetable farms in South Uruguay. Agricultural Systems,2005,86:29-51.
[47]Dorward, A. Modelling embedded risk in peasant agriculture:methodological insights from northern Malawi. Agricultural Economics,1999,21:191-203.
[48]Dorward, A.& Parton, K. Quantitative farm models and embedded risk in complex, diverse and risk prone agriculture [J]. Quarterly Journal of International Agriculture,1997,36:317-330.
[49]Erisman, J. W., Hensen, A.& de Vries, W.et al. NitroGenius:A nitrogen decision support system. A game to develop the optimal policy to solve the Dutch nitrogen pollution problem. Ambio,2002,31 (2):190-196.
[50]Faber, M., Niemes, H.& Stephan, G. Entropy, Environment and Resources:An Essay in Physico-Economics. Heidelberg:Springer-Verlag,1987:71-92.
[51]Faber, M.& Proops, J. L. R. Evolution, Time, Production and the Environment. Heidelberg:Springer-Verlag,1990:116-143.
[52]Falconer, K.& Hodge, I. Using economic incentives for pesticide usage reductions:responsiveness to input taxation and agricultural systems. Agricultural Systems,2000,63:175-194.
[53]Falconer, K.& Hodge, I. Pesticide taxation and multi-objective policy-making: farm modelling to evaluate profit/environment tradeoffs. Ecological Economics, 2001,36:263-279.
[54]Georgescu-Roegen, N. The Entropy Law and the Economic Process. Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press,1971:22-45.
[55]Gerber, P., Chilonda, P.& Franceschini, G.et al. Geographical determinants and environmental implications of livestock production intensification in Asia. Bioresource Technology,2005,96 (2):263-276.
[56]Gessel, P. D., Hansen, N. C.& Goyal, S. M.et al. Persistence of zoonotic pathogens in surface soil treated with different rates of liquid pig manure. Applied soil Ecology,2004,25 (3):181-276.
[57]Gibbons, J. M., Sparkes, D. L.& Wilson, P.et al. Modelling optimal strategies for decreasing nitrate loss with variation in weather-a farm-level approach. Agricultural Systems,2005,83:113-134.
[58]Goldstein, A. L., Ritter, Gary J. A Performance-Based Non-Point Source Regulatory Program for Phosphorus Control in Florida. in Animal Waste and the Land-Water Interface, KennethSteele, ed., Boca Raton:Lewis Publishers,1995: 429-440.
[59]Groot, J. C. J., Rossing, W. A. H.& Jellema, A.et al. Exploring multi-scale trade-offs between nature conservation, agricultural profits and landscape quality-a methodology to support discussions on land-use perspectives. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment,2007,120:58-69.
[60]Gross, L. S.& Veendorp, E. C. H. Growth with exhaustible resources and a materials-balance production function. Natural Resource Modeling,1990,4(3): 77-94.
[61]Guan, T. Y.& Holley, R. A. Pathogen survival in swine manure environments and transmission of human enteric illness-a review[J]. Journal of Environmental Quality,2003,32:383-392.
[62]Hafkamp, W. Economic-Environmental Modeling in a National-Regional System. Amsterdam:North Holland,1984:97-108.
[63]Harris, J. M. World agricultural futures:regional sustainability and ecological limits. Ecological Economics,1996,17 (2):95-115.
[64]Hawkins, G. L., Hill, D. T.& Rochester, E. W.et al. Evaluation of overland flow treatment for swine lagoon effluent. Transactions of the ASAE,1995,38 (2) 397-402.
[65]Hendriks, K., Stobbelaar, D. J.& Mansvelt, J. D. V. The appearance of agriculture an assessment of the quality of landscape of both organic and conventional horticultural farms in West Friesland. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 2000,77:157-175.
[66]Hengsdijk, H.& van Ittersum, M. K. A goal-oriented approach to identify and engineer land use systems. Agricultural Systems,2002,71:231-247.
[67]Hengsdijk, H.& van Ittersum, M. K. Formalizing agro-ecological engineering for future-oriented land use studies. European Journal of Agronomy,2003,19: 549-562.
[68]Hesketh, N.& Brookes, P. C. Development of an indicator for risk of phosphorus leaching. Journal of Environmental Quality,2000,29:105-110.
[69]Hodges, J. Cheap food and feeding the world sustainability. Livestock Production Science,2005,92:1-16.
[70]Howarth R. W., Boyer E. W., Pabich W. J. Nitrogen use in the United State from 1961-2000 and potential future trends. AMBIO,2002,31(2):88-96.
[71]Hutchings, N. J., Sommer, S. G.& Andersen, J. M. A detailed ammonia emission inventory for Denmark. Atmospheric Environment,2001,35 (12):1959-1968.
[72]Jacobsen, B., Petersen, B.M., Berntsen, J., et al.1998.An Integrated Economic and Environmental Farm Simulation Model (FASSET). Report no.102. Statens Jordbrugs- og Fiskeriokonomiske Institut. Kobenhavn. ISSN 1395-5705.
[73]Janssen, S.& van Ittersum, M. K. Assessing farm innovations and responses to policies:A review of bio-economic farm models. Agricultural Systems,2007,94: 622-636.
[74]Kandelaars, P.& van den Bergh, J. C. J. M. Analysis of materials-product chains: Theory and application. Environmental and Resource Economics,1996,8(2) 97-118.
[75]Keller, A.& Abbaspour, K. C. Assesment of uncertainty and risk in modeling regional heavy-metal accumulation in agricultural Soils. Journal of Environmental Quality,2002,31 (1):175-187.
[76]Kneese, A. V., Ayres, R. U.& D'Arge, R. C. Economics and the Environment:A Materials Balance approach. Baltimore:Johns Hopkins Press,1970:65-77.
[77]Koger, J. B., van Kempen, T., Wossink, G. A. RE-Cycle:An Integrated System to Substantially Eliminate the Environmental Impact of Swine Waste; Year 2 Report. 2002. www.cals.ncsu.edu/waste_mgt/smithfield_projects/reports.htm.
[78]Koger, J. B., van Kempen, T., Wossink, G. A., et al. RE-Cycle:The Production of Liquid Fuels from Swine Waste.2004. www.energync.net/programe/docs.
[79]Leneman, H., Giesen, G. W.& Berentsen, P. B. M. Costs of reducing nitrogen and phosphorous emissions on pig farms in the Netherlands. Journal of Environmental Management,1993,39:107-119.
[80]Loyon, L., Guiziou, F.& Beline, F. Gaseous emissions (NH3, N2O, CH4 and CO2) from the aerobic treatment of piggery slurry-comparison with a conventional storage system. Biosystems Engineering,2007,97 (4):472-480.
[81]Makowski, D., Hendrix, E. M. T.& van Ittersum, M. K.et al. Generation and presentation of nearly optimal solutions for mixed-integer linear programming, applied to a case in farming system design. European Journal of Operational Research,2001,132:425-438.
[82]Mapp, H. P., Bernardo, D. J.& Sabbagh, G. J.et al. Economic and Environmental Impacts of Limiting Nitrogen Use to Protect Water Quality:A Stochastic Regional Analysis. American Journal of Agricultural Economics,1994,76 (4) 889-903.
[83]Martinez, J. Solepur:a soil treatment process for pig slurry with subsequent denitrification of drainage water. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 1997,66:51-62.
[84]Martinez, J., Burton, C. H.& Sneath, R. W.et al. A study of the potential contribution of sedimentation to aerobic treatment processes for pig slurry. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research,1995,61 (2):87-96.
[85]Martinez, J., Dabert, P.& Barrington, S.et al. Livestock waste treatment systems for environmental quality, food safety, and sustainability. Bioresource Technology,2009,100 (22):5527-5536.
[86]Mausolff, C.& Farber, S. An economic analysis of ecological agricultural technologies among peasant farmers in Honduras. Ecological Economics,1995, 12 (3):237-248.
[87]McCown, R. L. Learning to bridge the gap between science-based decision support and the practice of farming:evolution in paradigms of model-based research and intervention from design to dialogue. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research,2001,52:549-572.
[88]McFarland, A. M. S.& Hauck, L. M. Relating agricultural land use to in-stream stormwater quality. Journal of Environmental Quality,1999,28 (3):836-844.
[89]Meadows, D. H., Richardson, J.& Bruckmann, G. Groping in the Dark:The First Decade of Global Modeling. New York:Wiley,1982:154-176.
[90]Melse, R. W.& Verdoes, N. Evaluation of four farm-scale systems for the treatment of liquid pig manure. Biosystems Engineering,2005,92 (1):47-57.
[91]Meyer-Aurich, A. Economic and environmental analysis of sustainable farming practices-a Bavarian case study. Agricultural Systems,2005,86:190-206.
[92]Meyer-Aurich, A., Zander, P.& Werner, A.et al. Developing agricultural land use strategies appropriate to nature conservation goals and environmental protection. Landscape and Urban Planning,1998,41:119-127.
[93]Miller, D. N.& Varel, V. H. Swine manure composition affects the biochemical origins, composition, and accumulation of odorous compounds. Journal of Animal Science,2003,81:2131-2138.
[94]Misselbrook, T. H., Van der Weerden, T. J.& Pain, B. F. Ammonia emission factors for UK agriculture. Atmospheric Environment,2000,34 (6):871-880.
[95]Morrison, D. A., Kingwell, R. S.& Pannell, D. J.et al. A mathematical programming model of a crop-livestock farm system. Agricultural Systems,1986, 20:243-268.
[96]Moxey, A. P.& White, B. Efficient compliance with agricultural nitrate pollution standards. Journal of Agricultural Economics,1994,45 (1):27-37.
[97]Mozaffari, M.& Sims, T. Phosphorus Availability and Sorption in An Atlantic Coastal Plain Watershed Dominated By Animal-Based Agriculture. Soil Science, 1994,157 (2):97-107.
[98]Hesketh, N.& Brookes, P. C. Development of an indicator for risk of phosphorus leaching. Journal of Environmental Quality,2000,29:105-110.
[99]Neely, W. P., North, R. M.& Fortson, J. C. An Operational Approach to Multiple Objective Decision Making for Public Water Resource Projects Using Integer Goal Programming. American Journal of Agricultural Economics,1977,59: 198-203.
[100]Nicholson, F. A., Groves, S. J.& Chambers, B. J. Pathogen survival during livestock manure storage and following land application. Bioresource Technology, 2005,96 (2):135-143.
[101]Nicholson, R. J., Webb, J.& Moore, A. A review of the environmental effects of different livestock manure storage systems, and a suggested procedure for assigning environmental ratings. Biosystems Engineering,2002,81(4):363-377.
[102]Nijkamp, P.& van den Bergh, J. C. J. M. New advances in economic modelling and evaluation of environmental issues. European Journal of Operational Research,1997,99 (1):180-196.
[103]O'Callaghan, J. R. NELUP:An introduction. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management,1995,48 (1):5-20.
[104]Oenema, O., van Liere, E.& Plette, S. Environmental effects of manure policy options in the Netherlands. Water Science Technology,2004,49:101-108.
[105]Oglethorpe, D. R. Sensitivity of farm planning under risk-averse behaviour:a note on the environmental implications. Journal of Agricultural Economics,1995, 46:227-232.
[106]Oglethorpe, D. R.& Sanderson, R. A. An ecological-economic model for agri-environmental policy analysis. Ecological Economics,1999,28:245-266.
[107]Osei, E., Gassman, P. W.& Hauck, L.et al. Economic costs and environmental benefits of manure incorporation on dairy waste application fields. Journal of Environmental Management,2003,68 (1):1-11.
[108]Osei, E., Gassman, P. W.& Jones, R. D.et al. Economic and environmental impacts of alternative practices on dairy farms in an agricultural watershed. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2000,55 (4):466-472.
[109]Osei, E., Gassman, P. W., Saleh, A. Livestock and the Environment:Lessons from a National Pilot Project. Report No. PR0801. Stephenville, Texas:Texas Institute for Applied Environmental Research, Tarleton State University.2008.
[110]Osei, E., Lakshminarayan, P. G., Neibergs, S., Bouzaher, A., Johnson, S.R. Livestock and the environment:A national pilot project:Policy space, economic model, and environmental model linkages, CARD Staff Report 95-SR 78, Iowa State University, December 1995.
[111]Oude Lansink, A.& Peerlings, J. Effects of N-surplus taxes:Combining technical and historical information. European Review of Agricultural Economics, 1997,24 (2):231-247.
[112]Pacini, C. An environmental-economic framework to support multi-objective policy-making:a farming systems approach implemented for Tuscany. Wageningen:Wageningen University,2003:135-176.
[113]Pacini, C., Wossink, A.& Giesen, G.et al. Ecological-economic modelling to support multi-objective policy making:a farming systems approach implemented for Tuscany. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment,2004,102:349-364.
[114]Pacini, C., Wossink, A.& Giesen, G.et al. Evaluation of sustainability of organic, integrated and conventional farming systems:a farm and field scale analysis. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment,2003,95:273-288.
[115]Pandey, S.& Hardaker, J. B. The role of modelling in the quest for sustainable farming systems. Agricultural Systems,1995,47:439-450.
[116]Pannell, D. J., Malcolm, B.& Kingwell, R. S. Are we risking too much? Perspectives on risk in farm modelling. Agricultural Economics,2000,23:69-78.
[117]Pannell, D.& Glenn, N. A. A framework for the economic evaluation and selection of sustainability indicators in agriculture. Ecological Economics,2000, 33 (1):135-149.
[118]Parker, D. Controlling agricultural nonpoint water pollution:costs of implementing the maryland water quality improvement act of 1998. Agricultural Economics,2000,24 (1):23-31.
[119]Payraudeau, S.& Van der Werf, H. M. G. Environmental impact assessment for a farming region:a review of methods. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 2005,107:1-19.
[120]Pence, N. S., Larsen, P. B.& Ebbs, S. D. The molecular physiolosy of heavy metal transport in the Zn/Cd hyperaccumulator Thlaspi caerulescens. Proceeding of the National Academy Science of the United States of America,2000,97 (9) 4956-4960.
[121]Pfister, F., Bader, H. P.& Schcidegger, R.et al. Dynamic modelling of resource management for farming systems. Agricultural Systems,2005,86:1-28.
[122]Poulsen, H. D., Jongbloed, A. W.& Latimier, P.et al. Phosphorus consumption, utilisation and losses in pig production in France. Livestock Production Science, 1999,58 (3):251-259.
[123]Pratt, S., Jones, R., Jones, C., et al. Livestock and the Environment:Expanding the Focus:Policy Options—CEEOT-LP. Report No. PR 96-03. Stephenville, TX: Texas Institute for Applied Environmental Research, Tarleton State University. 1997.
[124]Proops, J. L. R. Ecological economics:Rationale and problem areas. Ecological Economics,1989,1(1):59-76.
[125]Rasul, G.& Thapa, G. B. Sustainability of ecological and conventional agricultural systems in Bangladesh:an assessment based on environmental, economic and social perspectives. Agricultural Systems,2004,79 (3):327-351.
[126]Rennings, K. Redefining innovation—eco-innovation research and the contribution from ecological economics. Ecological Economics,2000,32 (2) 319-332.
[127]Riesgo, L.& Gomez-Limon, J. A. Multi-criteria policy scenario analysis for public regulation of irrigated agriculture. Agricultural Systems,2006,91:1-28.
[128]Rigby, D., Woodhouse, P.& Young, T.et al. Constructing a farm level indicator of sustainable agricultural practice. Ecological Economics,2001,39(3):463-478.
[129]Ritter, W. F.& Eastburn, R. P. Treatment of dairy cattle wastes by a barriered landscape wastewater renovation system. Journal Water Pollution Control Federation,1978,50 (1):144-150.
[130]Rossing, W. A. H., Meynard, J. M.& van Ittersum, M. K. Model-based explorations to support development of sustainable farming systems:case studies from France and the Netherlands. European Journal of Agronomy,1997,7: 271-283.
[131]Ruben, R., Moll, H.& Kuyvenhoven, A. Integrating agricultural research and policy analysis:analytical framework and policy applications for bio-economic modelling. Agricultural Systems,1998,58:331-349.
[132]Ruth, M. Integrating Economics, Ecology and Thermodynamics. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers,1993:15-54.
[133]Saleh, A., Arnold, J. G.& Gassman, P. W.et al. Application of SWAT for the upper North Bosque River Watershed. Transactions of the ASAE,2000,43 (5): 1077-1087.
[134]Saleh, A., Osei, E.& Gallego, O. Use of CEEOT-SWAPP Modeling System for Targeting and Evaluating Environmental Pollutants.21st Century Watershed Technology:Improving Water Quality and Environment, Proceedings of the 29 March-3 April 2008 Conference, (Concepcion, Chile); eds. E.W. Tollner, A. Saleh, St. Joseph MI:AS ABE,29 March 2008. ASAE Pub#701P0208cd.
[135]Semaan, J., Flichman, G.& Scardigno, A. Analysis of nitrate pollution control policies in the irrigated agriculture of Apulia Region (Southern Italy):A bio-economic modelling approach. Agricultural Systems,2007,94:357-367.
[136]Sharpley, A. N., Foy, B.& Whiters, P. Practical and innovative measures for the control of agricultural phosphorus losses to water:an overviews. Journal of Environmental Quality,2000,29:1-9.
[137]Sharpley, A. N., Daniel, T.& Sims, T., et al. Agricultural phosphorus and Eutrophication. USDA Agricultural Research Service,1999. ARS-149, p42.
[138]Sharpley, A. N., Rekolainen, S.,1997. Phosphorus in agriculture and its environmental implications. In:Tunney, H., Carton, O.T., Brookes, P.C., Johnston, A.E. (Eds.), Phosphorus Loss from Soil to Water, CAB International, London, pp.1-53.
[139]Sharpley, A., Daniel, T.& Wright, B.et al. National Research Project to Identify Sources of Agricultural Phosphorus Loss. Better Crops,1999,83 (4):12-14.
[140]Smith, J. B.& Weber, S. Contemporaneous extemaiities:Rational expectations, and equilibrium production functions in natural resource models. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management,1989,17 (5):155-170.
[141]Strassert, G.& Prato, T. Selecting farming systems using a new multiple criteria decision model:the balancing and ranking method. Ecological economics,2002, 40:269-277.
[142]Syers, J. K., Harris, R. F.& Armstrong, D. E. Phosphate chemistry in lake sediments. Journal of Environmental Quality,1973,2:1-14.
[143]Szogi, A. A., Humenik, F. J.& Rice, J. M.et al. Swine wastewater treatment by media filtration. Journal of Environmental Science and Health B,1997,32 (5) 831-843.
[144]Ten Berge, H. F. M., van Ittersum, M. K.& Rossing, W. A. H.et al. Farming options for The Netherlands explored by multi-objective modelling. European Journal of Agronomy,2000,13:263-277.
[145]Thampapillai, D. J.& Sinden, J. A. Trade-Offs for Multiple Objective Planning Through Linear Programming. Water Resource Research,1979,15:1028-1034.
[146]Thornton, P. K.& Herrero, M. Integrated crop-livestock simulation models for scenario analysis and impact assessment. Agricultural Systems,2001,70: 581-602.
[147]Tisdale, S. L., Nelson, W. L.& Beaton, J. D. Soil fertility and fertilizers. New York:Macmillan,1985:632-653.
[148]Torkamani, J. Using a whole-farm modelling approach to assess prospective technologies under uncertainty. Agricultural Systems,2005,85:138-154.
[149]Turner, C.& Burton, C. H. The inactivation of viruses in pig slurries:a review. Bioresource Technology,1997,61:9-20.
[150]Turner, R. K., van den Berg, J. C. J. M.& Barendregt, A.et al. Ecological-economic analysis of wetlands:scientific integration for management and policy. Ecological Economics,2000,35:7-23.
[151]Vail, D., Hasund, K. P.& Drake, L. The Greening of Agricultural Policy in Industrial Societies:Swedish Reforms in Comparative Perspective. Ithaca: Cornell University Press,1994:69-112.
[152]van Calker, K. J., Berentsen, P. B. M.& de Boer, I. M. J.et al. An LP model to analyse economic and ecological sustainability on Dutch dairy farms:model presentation and application for experimental farm "de Marke". Agricultural Systems,2004,82 (2):139-160.
[153]van den Bergh, J. C. J. M. Ecological Economics and Sustainable Development: Theory, Methods and Applications. Cheltenham:Edward Elgar,1996:82-166.
[154]van den Bergh, J. C. J. M.& Nijkamp, P. Dynamic macro modelling and materials balance:Economic-environmental integration for sustainable development. Economic Modelling,1994,11 (3):283-307.
[155]van den Bergh, J. C. J. M. A framework for modelling economy-environment-development relationships based on dynamic carrying capacity and sustainable development feedback. Environmental and Resource Economics, 1993,3 (4):395-412.
[156]van den Bergh, J. C. J. M.& Nijkamp, P. Operationalizing sustainable development:dynamic ecological economic models. Ecological Economics,1991, 4(1):11-33.
[157]van Horn, H. H., Newton, G. L.& Kunkle, W. E. Ruminant nutrition from an enviornmental perspective:factors affecting whole-farm nutrient balance. Journal of Animal Science,1996,74:3082-3102.
[158]van Ittersum, M. K., Rabbinge, R.& van Latesteijn, H. C. Exploratory land use studies and their role in strategic policy making. Agricultural Systems,1998,58: 309-330.
[159]van Pelt, M.J.F. Sustainability-oriented Project Appraisal for Developing Countries, Ph.D. Dissertation, Wageningen Agricultural University, Wageningen. 1993.
[160]Vatn, A., Bakken, L.& Botterweg, P.et al. ECECMOD:An interdisciplinary modelling system for analyzing nutrient and soil losses from agriculture. Ecological Economics,1999,30 (2):189-205.
[161]Vermersch, D., Bonnieux, F.& Rainelli, P. Abatement of agricultural pollution and economic incentives:The case of intensive livestock farming in France. Environmental and Resource Economics,1993,3:285-296.
[162]Wallace, M. T.& Moss, J. E. Farmer decision-making with conflicting goals:a recursive strategic programming analysis. Journal of Agricultural Economics, 2002,53:82-100.
[163]Webb, J. Estimating the potential for ammonia emissions from livestock excreta and manures. Environmental Pollution,2000,111 (3):395-407.
[164]Weersink, A., Jeffrey, S.& Pannell, D. Farm-level modeling for bigger issues. Review of Agricultural Economics,2004,24:123-140.
[165]Wei, Y., Davidson, B.& Chen, D. Balancing the economic, social and environmental dimensions of agro-ecosystems:An integrated modeling approach Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment,2009,131:263-273.
[166]Wilkinson, R. Poverty and Progress:An Ecological Model of Economic Development. London:Methuen,1973:15-91.
[167]Wossink, G. A. A., de Koeijer, T. J.& Renkema, J. A. Environmental-economic policy assessment:a farm economic approach. Agricultural Systems,1992,39: 421-438.
[168]Wossink, G. A. A., Oude Lansink, A. G. J. M.& Struik, P. C. Non-separability and heterogeneity in integrated agronomic-economic analysis of nonpoint-source pollution. Ecological Economics,2001,38:345-357.
[169]Anderson, T., Folke, C., Nystrom, S.环境与贸易——生态、经济、体制和政策.黄晶,周乃君,陆永琪译.北京：清华大学出版社,1998：28-31.
[170]Clark, C. W.数学生物经济学——可更新资源的最优管理.周勤生,丘兆福译.北京：中国农业出版杜,1983：144-147.
[171]Sauvant, D., Perez, J., Tran, G.饲料成分与营养价值表：猪、家禽、牛、绵羊、山羊、兔、马和鱼.谯仕彦,王旭,王德辉译.北京：中国农业大学出版社.2005：150-276.
[172]保罗·萨缪尔森,威廉·诺德豪斯.经济学.萧琛译.北京：人民邮电出版社,2005：114-147.
[173]卞有生和金冬霞.规模化畜禽养殖场污染防治技术研究.中国工程科学,2004(03)：53-57.
[174]车美萍.可持续发展理论浅析.生态经济,1999(03)：45-47.
[175]陈立民和薛毫祥.泰州市畜牧业资源循环利用存在的问题及对策研究——以江苏现代畜牧科技园为例.畜牧与饲料科学,2009(04)：89-94.
[176]陈伦寿和陆景陵.蔬菜营养与施肥技术.北京：中国农业出版社,2002：5-104.
[177]大卫·皮尔斯.绿色经济的蓝图——衡量可持续发展.李巍译.北京：北京 师范大学出版社,1996.
[178]单计光,谭支良和汤少勋.养殖业排泄物对环境的潜在影响与生态管理.重庆环境科学,2003,25(12)：90-93.
[179]邓宏海.农业生态经济学的方法学基础.生态学杂志,1984(06)：27-30.
[180]邓良伟.规模化畜禽养殖废水处理技术现状探析.中国生态农业学报,2006(02)： 23-26.
[181]邓良伟.规模化猪场粪污处理模式.中国沼气,2001,19(01)：29-33.
[182]邓良伟,陈子爱和龚建军.中德沼气工程比较.可再生能源,2008(01)110-114.
[183]邓良伟,陈子爱和袁心飞等.规模化猪场粪污处理工程模式与技术定位.养,猪,2008(06)：21-24.
[184]邓良伟,郑平和陈子爱.Anarwia工艺处理猪场废水的技术经济性研究.浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2004,30(06)：628-634.
[185]董红敏,朱志平和陶秀萍等.育肥猪舍甲烷排放浓度和排放通量的测试与分析.农业工程学报,2006(01)：123-128.
[186]樊京春和秦世平.经济激励政策对生物质能发电电价的影响分析.中国沼气,2006(02)：40-42.
[187]方斌.浙江省农业系统技术系数产生、转换及应用分析.博士学位论文,浙江大学,2004.
[188]冯永辉.我国生猪规模化养殖及区域布局变化趋势.中国畜牧杂志,2006(04)：22-26.
[189]付俊杰和李远.我国畜禽养殖业污染防治对策.中国生态农业学报,2004,12(01)： 171-173.
[190]高海清和李世平.西北退耕区农户收入水平对沼气消费的影响分析.开发研究,2008(05)：85-87.
[191]高祥照.肥料实用手册.北京：中国农业出版社,2002：231-387.
[192]郭新芳,朱跃成和郭建平.畜禽粪便综合利用与资源节约型生态农业技术研究.农业现代化研究,2009,30(5)：603-605.
[193]国家发展改革委价格司.全国农产品成本收益资料汇编.北京：中国物价出版社,2001：58-97.
[194]国家环保总局自然生态司.全国规模化畜禽养殖业污染情况调查及防治对策.北京：中国环境科学出版社,2002：2-179.
[195]华永新和朱剑平.大中型畜禽养殖场沼气工程模式及投资效益分析.能源工程,2004(02)：11-15.
[196]黄宏坤.规模化畜禽养殖场废弃物无害化处理及资源化利用研究.博士学位 论文,中国农业科学院,2002.
[197]黄进勇和王兆骞.中国生态农业模式管理信息及决策支持系统的建立.应用生态学报,2003(04)：525-529.
[198]黄志彭.养殖场畜禽粪污管理系统的研制.博士学位论文,扬州大学,2008.
[199]霍亚贞.北京自然地理.北京：北京师范学院出版社,1989：201-203.
[200]江希流,华小梅和张胜田.我国畜禽养殖业的环境污染状况、存在问题与防治建议.农业环境与发展,2007(04)：61-64.
[201]金岚,王根堂和牛秀丽.环境生态学.北京：高等教育出版杜,1993：19-21
[202]柯炳生.集约型畜牧业发展与水资源保护问题.中国水利,2005(13)134-137.
[203]孔源和韩鲁佳.我国畜牧业粪便废弃物的污染及其治理对策的探讨.中国农业大学学报,2002(06)：92-96.
[204]李刚.论可持续农业生态经济系统.经济与管理,2004(12)：8-10.
[205]李国学.中国规模化畜牧养殖业的环境污染问题与环境标准的利用现状.1999中加项目环保与土壤养料管理研讨会论文集.1999：84-101.
[206]李国学和张福锁.固体废物堆肥化与有机复混肥生产.北京：化学工业出版社,2001：25-67.
[207]李建政和汪群慧.废物资源化与生物能源.北京：化学工业出版社,2004：46-98.
[208]李瑾.基于畜产品消费的畜牧业生产结构调整研究.博士学位论文,中国农业科学院,2008.
[209]李瑾,秦富和丁平.我国居民畜产品消费特征及发展趋势.农业现代化研究,2007(06)：664-667..
[210]李立山和张周.养猪与猪病防治.北京：中国农业出版社,2006：182-184.
[211]李丽立,张彬和唐自如等.养殖业对环境的污染及其营养调控措施.农业现代化研究,2008,29(6)：726-729.
[212]李淑芹和胡玖坤.畜禽粪便污染及治理技术.可再生能源,2003(01)：21-23
[213]李远.我国规模化畜禽养殖业存在的环境问题与防治对策.上海环境科学,2002(10)：597-599.
[214]李远和王晓霞.我国农业面源污染环境管理：公共政策展望.环境保护,2005(11)： 23-26.
[215]林斌,洪燕真和戴永务等.规模化养猪场沼气工程发展的财政政策研究.福建农业学报,2009(05)：478-483.
[216]林伯强.中国电力发展：提高电价和限电的经济影响.经济研究,2006(05)：115-126.
[217]刘东,马林和王方浩等.中国猪粪尿N产生量及其分布的研究.农业环境科学学报,2007(04)：1591-1595.
[218]刘洪涛,陈同斌和郑国砥等.有机肥与化肥的生产能耗、投入成本和环境效益比较分析——以污泥堆肥生产有机肥为例.生态环境学报,2010(04)1000-1003.
[219]刘巧芹,潘瑜春和张清军等.基于GIS的北京市城郊农村土地利用格局分析.农业现代化研究,2009(04)：457-460.
[220]刘荣章,曾玉荣和翁志辉等.我国生物质能源开发技术与策略.中国农业科技导报,2006,8(4)：40-45.
[221]刘晓利,许俊香和王方浩等.我国畜禽粪便中氮素养分资源及其分布状况.河北农业大学学报,2005(05)：27-32.
[222]刘秀梅,罗奇祥和冯兆滨等.我国商品有机肥的现状与发展趋势调研报告.江西农业学报,2007(04)：49-52.
[223]陆景陵.作物营养与施肥.北京：农业出版社,1982：34-67.
[224]吕凯,石英尧和高振魁.猪粪的成分及其利用的研究.安徽农业科学,2001(03)：373-374.
[225]曼昆.经济学原理.梁小民,梁砾译.北京：北京大学出版社,2009：18-64.
[226]孟伟,张远和郑丙辉.水环境质量基准、标准与流域水污染物总量控制策略环境科学研究,2006,19(3)：1-6.
[227]农业技术经济手册编委会.农业技术经济手册.北京：农业出版社,1984：687-1114.
[228]潘金敏和刘兆球.生态营养与养殖业环境污染.饲料研究,2004(10)：25-27.
[229]沈根祥,钱晓雍和梁丹涛等.基于氮磷养分管理的畜禽场粪便匹配农田面积.农业工程学报,2006(S2)：268-271.
[230]平狄克和鲁宾费尔德.微观经济学.王世磊译.中国人民大学出版社,2006,235-257.
[231]沈根祥,汪雅谷和袁大伟.上海市郊农田畜禽粪便负荷量及其警报与分级.上海农业学报,1994,10(S1)：6-11
[232]沈满洪和何灵巧.外部性的分类及外部性理论的演化.浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版),2002,32(01)：152-160.
[233]沈玉英.畜禽粪便污染及加快资源化利用探讨.土壤,2004(02)：164-167.
[234]史光华和孙振钧.畜牧业可持续发展战略的理论思考.家畜生态,2004,5(2)： 1-4.
[235]苏杨.我国集约化畜禽养殖场污染治理障碍分析及对策.中国畜牧杂志,2006,42(14)：31-34.
[236]孙永明,李国学和张夫道等.中国农业废弃物资源化现状与发展战略.农业工程学报,2005(08)：169-173.
[237]孙永明,袁振宏和孙振钧.中国生物质能源与生物质利用现状与展望.可再生能源,2006(02)：78-82.
[238]孙振钧.有机农业及其发展.农业工程技术(农产品加工业),2009(02)：35-38
[239]孙振钧.中国生物质产业及发展取向.农业工程学报,2004(05)：1-5.
[240]孙振钧和孙永明.我国农业废弃物资源化与农村生物质能源利用的现状与发展[J].中国农业科技导报,2006(01)：6-13.
[241]孙振钧,袁振宏和张夫道等.农业废弃物资源化与农村生物质资源战略研究报告[R].国家中长期科学和技术发展战略研究,2004.
[242]田宗祥.减少规模化养猪场粪污对环境的影响及调控措施.国外畜牧学(猪与禽),2009(03)：79-82.
[243]万本太.中国生态环境质量评价研究.北京：中国环境科学出版社,2004：35.111.
[244]汪海波和辛贤.中国农村沼气消费及影响因素.中国农村经济,2007(11)：60-65.
[245]王方浩,马文奇和窦争霞等.中国畜禽粪便产生量估算及环境效应.中国环境科学,2006(05)：614-617.
[246]王激清,马文奇和江荣风等.中国农田生态系统氮素平衡模型的建立及其应用.农业工程学报,2007(08)：210-215.
[247]王凯军和贾立敏.升流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)反应器的设备化研究.给水排水,2001(04)：85-90.
[248]王凯军,金冬霞和赵淑霞等.畜禽养殖污染防治技术与政策.北京：化学工业出版社,2004：7-69.
[249]王林云.现代中国养猪.北京：金盾出版社,2007：551-729.
[250]王倩.畜禽养殖业固体废弃物资源化及.农用可行性研究,博士学位论文,山东师范大学,2007.
[251]王松霈.生态经济学为可持续发展提供理论基础.中国人口.资源与环境,2003,13(02)：11-16.
[252]王先甲.最优生产函数的数学规划方法.武汉水利电力大学学报,1993,26(5)：555-561.
[253]王宇波,孟祥海和周海川等.基于循环经济下的集约型畜禽养殖业可持续发展路径设计——以武汉市为例.湖北农业科学,2009(06)：1492-1496.
[254]王宇欣,苏星和唐艳芬等.京郊农村大中型沼气工程发展现状分析与对策研 究.农业工程学报,2008(10)：291-295
[255]吴创之.欧洲生物质能利用的研究现状及探讨.新能源,1999,21(3)：30-35.
[256]吴春明,陈君和蒋保健等.农区畜禽规模化生产初探.中国禽业导刊,2004(13)： 14.
[257]吴燕,张文阳,庞艳.畜禽养殖废物资源化与零废物目标.2009中国环境科学学会学术年会论文集,2009：863-867.
[258]相俊红和胡伟.我国畜禽粪便废弃物资源化利用现状.现代农业装备,2006(02)：59-63.
[259]向云.我国饲料资源研究与利用现状.天津农业科学,1999,5(02)：41-43.
[260]徐小华和吴仁水.基于门限协整的猪粮价格关系研究.农业技术经济,2010(05)： 78-84.
[261]颜丽.沼气发电产业化可行性分析.太阳能,2004(5)：12-15.
[262]颜丽和曾有为.中国沼气发电产业化可行性分析.中国沼气,2005,23(S1)：233-237.
[263]杨国义,陈俊坚和何嘉文等.广东省畜禽粪便污染及综合防治对策.土壤肥料,2005(02)：46-48.
[264]杨磊,刘承和张智勇等.基于RFID可追溯系统的畜产品供应链安全控制研究.中国畜牧杂志,2009(18)：22-25.
[265]杨立彬,李德发和谯仕谚等.模拟五品种生长肥育猪体重和采食量变化规律的研究.中国饲料,2004,11：20-23.
[266]姚丽贤和周修冲.有机肥对环境的影响及预防研究.中国生态农业学报,2005,13(2)：113-115.
[267]于潇萌和刘爱民.促使畜牧业养殖方式变化的因素分析.中国畜牧杂志,2007(10)：51-55.
[268]曾悦,洪华生和王卫平等.基于GIS的畜禽养殖废弃物土地处理适宜性评价研究.农业环境科学学报,2005(03)：595-599.
[269]张承龙.农业废弃物资源化利用技术现状及其前景.中国资源综合利用,2002(02)：14-16.
[270]张翠绵,王占武和李洪涛.固态畜禽废弃物利用现状及发展对策.河北农业科学,2004(02)：100-103.
[271]张帆.环境与资源经济学.上海：上海三联书店,上海人民出版社,1998：1-5.
[272]张维理,冀宏杰和H. Kolbe等.中国农业面源污染形势估计及控制对策Ⅱ.欧美国家农业面源污染状况及控制.中国农业科学,2004(07)：1018-1025.
[273]张维理,武淑霞和冀宏杰等.中国农业面源污染形势估计及控制对策1.21世纪初期中国农业面源污染的形势估计.中国农业科学,2004(07)：1008-1017.
[274]张维理,徐爱国和冀宏杰等.中国农业面源污染形势估计及控制对策Ⅲ.中国农业面源污染控制中存在问题分析.中国农业科学,2004(07)：1026-1033.
[275]张晓军,史殿林和闻世常等.北郎中村沼气工程运行浅析.中国沼气,2007,25(6)：38-42.
[276]张元碧.集约化养猪场的污染问题及治理模式.福建环境,2003(04)：45-48.
[277]章明奎.农业系统中氮磷的最佳管理实践.北京：中国农业出版社,2005：32-139.
[278]赵立欣.大中型沼气工程技术.北京：化学工业出版社,2008：57-72.
[279]夏祖军,张静,古艳山,李飞.“北郎中模式”初现京城——顺义财政支持新农村建设纪实.中国财经报.2006-09-15.
[280]中国可再生能源规模化发展项目办公室.农村能源工程推广应用组织管理.2008. http://www.cresp.org.cn/uploadfiles/73/1120/researchreport.
[281]中国农业科学院土壤肥料研究所.国家重大科技专项：滇池流域面源污染控制技术研究-精准化平衡施肥技术专题研究报告,2003.
[282]中华人民共和国环境保护部.《畜禽养殖业污染防治技术政策(征求意见稿)》编制说明[EB/OL],2009. http://www.zhb.gov.cn/gkml/hbb/bgth/.
[283]周国安.饲料手册.北京：中国农业出版社,2002：109-711.
[284]周启星,罗义和祝凌燕.环境基准值的科学研究与我国环境标准的修订.农业环境科学学报,2007(01)：1-5.
[285]朱兆良.农田中氮肥的损失与对策.土壤与环境,2000,9(1)：1-6.
[286]朱志平,董红敏和尚斌等.规模化猪场固体粪便收集系数与成分测定.农业工程学报,2006,22(S2)：179-182.
[287]左铁镛.科学把握循环经济内涵促进人与自然和谐发展.高等教育研究,2005(04)：3-6.
[2]Anderson, C. L. The production process:Inputs and wastes. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management,1987,14 (1):1-12.
[3]Anderson, N., Strader, R.& Davidson, C. Airborne reduced nitrogen:ammonia emissions from agriculture and other sources. Environment International,2003, 29:2777-2786.
[4]Antle, J. M.& Capalbo, S. M. Econometric-process models for integrated assessment of agricultural production systems. American Journal of Agricultural Economics,2001,83:389-401.
[5]Apland, J. The use of field days in economic models of crop farms. Journal of Production Agriculture,1993,6:437-444.
[6]Archer, D. W.& Shogren, J. F. Risk-indexed herbicide taxes to reduce ground and surface water pollution:an integrated ecological economics evaluation. Ecological Economics,2001,38:227-250.
[7]Austin, E. J., Willock, J.& Deary, I. J.et al. Empirical models of farmer behaviour using psychological, social and economic variables. Part I:linear modelling. Agricultural Systems,1998,58:203.
[8]Ayres, R. U.& Kneese, A. V. Production, consumption and extemalities. American Economic Review,1969,59 (3):282-297.
[9]Barbier, B.& Bergeron, G. mpact of policy interventions on land management in Honduras:results of a bioeconomic model. Agricultural Systems,1999,60:1-16.
[10]Bartolini, F., Bazzani, G. M.& Gallerani, V.et al. The impact of water and agriculture policy scenarios on irrigated farming systems in Italy:an analysis based on farm level multiattribute linear programming models. Agricultural Systems,2007,93:90-114.
[11]Belcher, K. W., Boehm, M. M.& Fulton, M. E. Agroecosystem sustainability:a system simulation model approach. Agricultural Systems,2004,79:225-241.
[12]Beline, F., Daumer, M. L.& Guiziou, F. Biological aerobic treatment of pig slurry in France:nutrients removal efficiency and separation performances. Transactions of the ASAE,2004,47 (3):857-864.
[13]Beline, F., Martinez, J.& Chadwick, D.et al. Factors affecting nitrogen transformations and related nitrous oxide emissions from aerobically treated piggery slurry. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research,1999,73 (3): 235-243.
[14]Benoit, M.& Veysset, P. onversion of cattle and sheep suckler farming to organic farming:adaptation of the farming system and its economic consequences. Livestock Production Science,2003,80:141-152.
[15]Berentsen, P. Effects of animal productivity on the costs of complying with environmental legislation in Dutch dairy farming. Livestock Production Science, 2003,84:183-194.
[16]Berentsen, P.& Giesen, G. Economic and environmental consequences of different governmental policies to reduce N losses on dairy farms. Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science,1994,42:11-19.
[17]Berger, T. Agent-based spatial models applied to agriculture:a simulation tool for technology diffusion, resource use changes and policy analysis. Agricultural Economics,2001,25:245-260.
[18]Bergevoet, R. H. M., Ondersteijn, C. J. M.& Saatkamp, H. W.et al. Entrepreneurial behaviour of Dutch dairy farmers under a milk quota system: goals, objectives and attitudes. Agricultural Systems,2004,80:1-21.
[19]Berntsen, J., Petersen, B. M.& Jacobsen, B. H.et al. Evaluating nitrogen taxation scenarios using the dynamic whole farm simulation model FASSET. Agricultural Systems,2003,76:817-839.
[20]Beukes, P. C., Cowling, R. M.& Higgins, S. I. An ecological economic simulation model of a non-selective grazing system in the Nama Karoo, South Africa. Ecological Economics,2002,42:221-242.
[21]Boiran, B., Couton, Y.& Germon, J. C. Nitrification and denitrification of liquid lagoon piggery waste in a biofilm infiltration-percolation aerated system (BIPAS) reactor. Bioresource Technology,1996,55 (1):63-11.
[22]Boulding, K. E., Economic Analysis. Harper & Bros., New York.1966:1-87.
[23]Bouma, J., Stoorvogel, J.& Van Alphen, B. J.et al. Pedology, precision agriculture, and the changing paradigm of agricultural research. Soil Science Society of America Journal,1999,63:1763-1768.
[24]Bouzaher, A., Cabe, R., Johnson, S.R., et al. CEEPES:An Evolving System for Agroenvironmental Policy. In:Milon, J.W., Shogren, J.F. (Eds.), Integrating Economics and Ecological Indicators:Practical Methods for Environmental Policy Analysis. Praeger, Westport, Connecticut,1995:67-90.
[25]Bouzaher, A., Lakshminarayan, P. G., Johnson, S. R., et al.,1993a. The economic and environmental indicators for evaluating the national pilot project on livestock and the environment. Livestock Series Report 1. Card Staff Report 93-SR 64. Center for Agricultural and Rural Development (CARD). Ames:Iowa State.
[26]Bouzaher, A., Johnson, S. R., Neibergs, S., et al.,1993b. The conceptual framework for the national pilot project on livestock and environment. Livestock Series Report 2. Card Staff Report 93-SR 67. Center for Agricultural and Rural Development (CARD). Ames:Iowa State.
[27]Brady, M.,2003. Managing agriculture and water quality. Four Essays on the Control of Large-scale Nitrogen Pollution. Agraria 369. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae Sueciae. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, ISBN 91-576-6199-5.
[28]Breeuwsma, A., Silva, S. Phosphorus fertilization and environmental effects in the Netherlands and the Po region (Italy). Agric. Res. Dep. Rep.57. Winand Staring Centre for Integrated Land, Soil and Water Res., Wageningen, the Netherlands.1992.
[29]Burton, C. H.& Martinez, J. Contrasting the management of livestock manures in Europe with that practised in Asia:what lessons can be learnt? Outlook on Agriculture,2008,37 (3):195-201.
[30]Burton, C. H., Sneath, R. W.& Misselbrook, T. H.et al. The effect of farmscale aerobic treatment of piggery slurry on odour concentration, intensity and offensiveness. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research,1998,71 (2) 203-211.
[31]Burton, C.H., Turner, C. (Eds.), Manure Management-Treatment Strategies for Sustainable Agriculture, second ed. Silsoe Research Institute, Wrest Park, Silsoe, Bedford, UK,2003:490.
[32]Catelo, M. A. O., Narrod, C. A.& Tiongco, M. M. Living with Livestock: Dealing with Pig Waste in the Philippines [R]. Economy and Environment Program for Southeast Asia (EEPSEA) Research Report,2001. http://www.idrc.ca/eepsea/ev-8256-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html.
[33]Chinh, N. Q. Dairy Cattle Development:Environmental Consequences and Pollution Control Options in Hanoi Province, North Vietnam[R]. Economy and Environment Program for Southeast Asia (EEPSEA) Research Report,2005. http://www.idrc.ca/uploads/user-S/11502734231ChinhRR6.pdf.
[34]Costanza, R. Ecological Economics:The Science and Management of Sustainability[M]. New York:Columbia University Press,1991:45-67.
[35]Costanza, R. What is ecological economics? Ecological Economics,1989,1:1-7.
[36]Costanza, R., Farber, C. S.& Maxwell, J. Valuation and management of wetland ecosystems. Ecological Economics,1989,1:335-361.
[37]Costanza, R., Wainger, L.& Folke, C.et al. Modeling complex ecological economic systems[J]. Bio-Science,1993,43:545-555.
[38]Crocker, T. D.& Tschirhart, J. Ecosystems, externalities, and economics. Environmental and Resource Economics,1992,2:551-567.
[39]Darwin, R., Tsigas, M.& Lewandrowski, M.et al. Land use and cover in ecological economics. Ecological Economics,1996,17 (3):157-181.
[40]De Buck, A. J., Hendrix, E. M. T.& Schoorlemmer, H. B. Analysing production and environmental risks in arable farming systems:a mathematical approach. European Journal of Operational Research,1999,119:416-426.
[41]De Clercq P., Gertsis A. C., Hofman G., et al. Nutrient Management Legislation in European Countries. Wageningen Press, Netherlands.2001:1-126.
[42]De Wit, C. T. Resource use efficiency in agriculture. Agricultural Systems,1992, 40:125-151.
[43]Dent, J. B., Edwards-Jones, G.& McGregor, M. J. Simulation of ecological, social and economic factors in agricultural systems. Agricultural Systems,1995,49: 337-351.
[44]Dietz, F. J.& Hoogervorst, N. J. P. Towards a sustainable and efficient use of manure in agriculture:The Dutch case. Environmental and Resource Economics, 1991,1:313-332.
[45]Dogliotti, S., Rossing, W. A. H.& van Ittersum, M. K. ROTAT, a tool for systematically generating crop rotations. European Journal of Agronomy,2003, 19:239-250.
[46]Dogliotti, S., van Ittersum, M. K.& Rossing, W. A. H. A method for exploring sustainable development options at farm scale:a case for vegetable farms in South Uruguay. Agricultural Systems,2005,86:29-51.
[47]Dorward, A. Modelling embedded risk in peasant agriculture:methodological insights from northern Malawi. Agricultural Economics,1999,21:191-203.
[48]Dorward, A.& Parton, K. Quantitative farm models and embedded risk in complex, diverse and risk prone agriculture [J]. Quarterly Journal of International Agriculture,1997,36:317-330.
[49]Erisman, J. W., Hensen, A.& de Vries, W.et al. NitroGenius:A nitrogen decision support system. A game to develop the optimal policy to solve the Dutch nitrogen pollution problem. Ambio,2002,31 (2):190-196.
[50]Faber, M., Niemes, H.& Stephan, G. Entropy, Environment and Resources:An Essay in Physico-Economics. Heidelberg:Springer-Verlag,1987:71-92.
[51]Faber, M.& Proops, J. L. R. Evolution, Time, Production and the Environment. Heidelberg:Springer-Verlag,1990:116-143.
[52]Falconer, K.& Hodge, I. Using economic incentives for pesticide usage reductions:responsiveness to input taxation and agricultural systems. Agricultural Systems,2000,63:175-194.
[53]Falconer, K.& Hodge, I. Pesticide taxation and multi-objective policy-making: farm modelling to evaluate profit/environment tradeoffs. Ecological Economics, 2001,36:263-279.
[54]Georgescu-Roegen, N. The Entropy Law and the Economic Process. Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press,1971:22-45.
[55]Gerber, P., Chilonda, P.& Franceschini, G.et al. Geographical determinants and environmental implications of livestock production intensification in Asia. Bioresource Technology,2005,96 (2):263-276.
[56]Gessel, P. D., Hansen, N. C.& Goyal, S. M.et al. Persistence of zoonotic pathogens in surface soil treated with different rates of liquid pig manure. Applied soil Ecology,2004,25 (3):181-276.
[57]Gibbons, J. M., Sparkes, D. L.& Wilson, P.et al. Modelling optimal strategies for decreasing nitrate loss with variation in weather-a farm-level approach. Agricultural Systems,2005,83:113-134.
[58]Goldstein, A. L., Ritter, Gary J. A Performance-Based Non-Point Source Regulatory Program for Phosphorus Control in Florida. in Animal Waste and the Land-Water Interface, KennethSteele, ed., Boca Raton:Lewis Publishers,1995: 429-440.
[59]Groot, J. C. J., Rossing, W. A. H.& Jellema, A.et al. Exploring multi-scale trade-offs between nature conservation, agricultural profits and landscape quality-a methodology to support discussions on land-use perspectives. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment,2007,120:58-69.
[60]Gross, L. S.& Veendorp, E. C. H. Growth with exhaustible resources and a materials-balance production function. Natural Resource Modeling,1990,4(3): 77-94.
[61]Guan, T. Y.& Holley, R. A. Pathogen survival in swine manure environments and transmission of human enteric illness-a review[J]. Journal of Environmental Quality,2003,32:383-392.
[62]Hafkamp, W. Economic-Environmental Modeling in a National-Regional System. Amsterdam:North Holland,1984:97-108.
[63]Harris, J. M. World agricultural futures:regional sustainability and ecological limits. Ecological Economics,1996,17 (2):95-115.
[64]Hawkins, G. L., Hill, D. T.& Rochester, E. W.et al. Evaluation of overland flow treatment for swine lagoon effluent. Transactions of the ASAE,1995,38 (2) 397-402.
[65]Hendriks, K., Stobbelaar, D. J.& Mansvelt, J. D. V. The appearance of agriculture an assessment of the quality of landscape of both organic and conventional horticultural farms in West Friesland. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 2000,77:157-175.
[66]Hengsdijk, H.& van Ittersum, M. K. A goal-oriented approach to identify and engineer land use systems. Agricultural Systems,2002,71:231-247.
[67]Hengsdijk, H.& van Ittersum, M. K. Formalizing agro-ecological engineering for future-oriented land use studies. European Journal of Agronomy,2003,19: 549-562.
[68]Hesketh, N.& Brookes, P. C. Development of an indicator for risk of phosphorus leaching. Journal of Environmental Quality,2000,29:105-110.
[69]Hodges, J. Cheap food and feeding the world sustainability. Livestock Production Science,2005,92:1-16.
[70]Howarth R. W., Boyer E. W., Pabich W. J. Nitrogen use in the United State from 1961-2000 and potential future trends. AMBIO,2002,31(2):88-96.
[71]Hutchings, N. J., Sommer, S. G.& Andersen, J. M. A detailed ammonia emission inventory for Denmark. Atmospheric Environment,2001,35 (12):1959-1968.
[72]Jacobsen, B., Petersen, B.M., Berntsen, J., et al.1998.An Integrated Economic and Environmental Farm Simulation Model (FASSET). Report no.102. Statens Jordbrugs- og Fiskeriokonomiske Institut. Kobenhavn. ISSN 1395-5705.
[73]Janssen, S.& van Ittersum, M. K. Assessing farm innovations and responses to policies:A review of bio-economic farm models. Agricultural Systems,2007,94: 622-636.
[74]Kandelaars, P.& van den Bergh, J. C. J. M. Analysis of materials-product chains: Theory and application. Environmental and Resource Economics,1996,8(2) 97-118.
[75]Keller, A.& Abbaspour, K. C. Assesment of uncertainty and risk in modeling regional heavy-metal accumulation in agricultural Soils. Journal of Environmental Quality,2002,31 (1):175-187.
[76]Kneese, A. V., Ayres, R. U.& D'Arge, R. C. Economics and the Environment:A Materials Balance approach. Baltimore:Johns Hopkins Press,1970:65-77.
[77]Koger, J. B., van Kempen, T., Wossink, G. A. RE-Cycle:An Integrated System to Substantially Eliminate the Environmental Impact of Swine Waste; Year 2 Report. 2002. www.cals.ncsu.edu/waste_mgt/smithfield_projects/reports.htm.
[78]Koger, J. B., van Kempen, T., Wossink, G. A., et al. RE-Cycle:The Production of Liquid Fuels from Swine Waste.2004. www.energync.net/programe/docs.
[79]Leneman, H., Giesen, G. W.& Berentsen, P. B. M. Costs of reducing nitrogen and phosphorous emissions on pig farms in the Netherlands. Journal of Environmental Management,1993,39:107-119.
[80]Loyon, L., Guiziou, F.& Beline, F. Gaseous emissions (NH3, N2O, CH4 and CO2) from the aerobic treatment of piggery slurry-comparison with a conventional storage system. Biosystems Engineering,2007,97 (4):472-480.
[81]Makowski, D., Hendrix, E. M. T.& van Ittersum, M. K.et al. Generation and presentation of nearly optimal solutions for mixed-integer linear programming, applied to a case in farming system design. European Journal of Operational Research,2001,132:425-438.
[82]Mapp, H. P., Bernardo, D. J.& Sabbagh, G. J.et al. Economic and Environmental Impacts of Limiting Nitrogen Use to Protect Water Quality:A Stochastic Regional Analysis. American Journal of Agricultural Economics,1994,76 (4) 889-903.
[83]Martinez, J. Solepur:a soil treatment process for pig slurry with subsequent denitrification of drainage water. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 1997,66:51-62.
[84]Martinez, J., Burton, C. H.& Sneath, R. W.et al. A study of the potential contribution of sedimentation to aerobic treatment processes for pig slurry. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research,1995,61 (2):87-96.
[85]Martinez, J., Dabert, P.& Barrington, S.et al. Livestock waste treatment systems for environmental quality, food safety, and sustainability. Bioresource Technology,2009,100 (22):5527-5536.
[86]Mausolff, C.& Farber, S. An economic analysis of ecological agricultural technologies among peasant farmers in Honduras. Ecological Economics,1995, 12 (3):237-248.
[87]McCown, R. L. Learning to bridge the gap between science-based decision support and the practice of farming:evolution in paradigms of model-based research and intervention from design to dialogue. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research,2001,52:549-572.
[88]McFarland, A. M. S.& Hauck, L. M. Relating agricultural land use to in-stream stormwater quality. Journal of Environmental Quality,1999,28 (3):836-844.
[89]Meadows, D. H., Richardson, J.& Bruckmann, G. Groping in the Dark:The First Decade of Global Modeling. New York:Wiley,1982:154-176.
[90]Melse, R. W.& Verdoes, N. Evaluation of four farm-scale systems for the treatment of liquid pig manure. Biosystems Engineering,2005,92 (1):47-57.
[91]Meyer-Aurich, A. Economic and environmental analysis of sustainable farming practices-a Bavarian case study. Agricultural Systems,2005,86:190-206.
[92]Meyer-Aurich, A., Zander, P.& Werner, A.et al. Developing agricultural land use strategies appropriate to nature conservation goals and environmental protection. Landscape and Urban Planning,1998,41:119-127.
[93]Miller, D. N.& Varel, V. H. Swine manure composition affects the biochemical origins, composition, and accumulation of odorous compounds. Journal of Animal Science,2003,81:2131-2138.
[94]Misselbrook, T. H., Van der Weerden, T. J.& Pain, B. F. Ammonia emission factors for UK agriculture. Atmospheric Environment,2000,34 (6):871-880.
[95]Morrison, D. A., Kingwell, R. S.& Pannell, D. J.et al. A mathematical programming model of a crop-livestock farm system. Agricultural Systems,1986, 20:243-268.
[96]Moxey, A. P.& White, B. Efficient compliance with agricultural nitrate pollution standards. Journal of Agricultural Economics,1994,45 (1):27-37.
[97]Mozaffari, M.& Sims, T. Phosphorus Availability and Sorption in An Atlantic Coastal Plain Watershed Dominated By Animal-Based Agriculture. Soil Science, 1994,157 (2):97-107.
[98]Hesketh, N.& Brookes, P. C. Development of an indicator for risk of phosphorus leaching. Journal of Environmental Quality,2000,29:105-110.
[99]Neely, W. P., North, R. M.& Fortson, J. C. An Operational Approach to Multiple Objective Decision Making for Public Water Resource Projects Using Integer Goal Programming. American Journal of Agricultural Economics,1977,59: 198-203.
[100]Nicholson, F. A., Groves, S. J.& Chambers, B. J. Pathogen survival during livestock manure storage and following land application. Bioresource Technology, 2005,96 (2):135-143.
[101]Nicholson, R. J., Webb, J.& Moore, A. A review of the environmental effects of different livestock manure storage systems, and a suggested procedure for assigning environmental ratings. Biosystems Engineering,2002,81(4):363-377.
[102]Nijkamp, P.& van den Bergh, J. C. J. M. New advances in economic modelling and evaluation of environmental issues. European Journal of Operational Research,1997,99 (1):180-196.
[103]O'Callaghan, J. R. NELUP:An introduction. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management,1995,48 (1):5-20.
[104]Oenema, O., van Liere, E.& Plette, S. Environmental effects of manure policy options in the Netherlands. Water Science Technology,2004,49:101-108.
[105]Oglethorpe, D. R. Sensitivity of farm planning under risk-averse behaviour:a note on the environmental implications. Journal of Agricultural Economics,1995, 46:227-232.
[106]Oglethorpe, D. R.& Sanderson, R. A. An ecological-economic model for agri-environmental policy analysis. Ecological Economics,1999,28:245-266.
[107]Osei, E., Gassman, P. W.& Hauck, L.et al. Economic costs and environmental benefits of manure incorporation on dairy waste application fields. Journal of Environmental Management,2003,68 (1):1-11.
[108]Osei, E., Gassman, P. W.& Jones, R. D.et al. Economic and environmental impacts of alternative practices on dairy farms in an agricultural watershed. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2000,55 (4):466-472.
[109]Osei, E., Gassman, P. W., Saleh, A. Livestock and the Environment:Lessons from a National Pilot Project. Report No. PR0801. Stephenville, Texas:Texas Institute for Applied Environmental Research, Tarleton State University.2008.
[110]Osei, E., Lakshminarayan, P. G., Neibergs, S., Bouzaher, A., Johnson, S.R. Livestock and the environment:A national pilot project:Policy space, economic model, and environmental model linkages, CARD Staff Report 95-SR 78, Iowa State University, December 1995.
[111]Oude Lansink, A.& Peerlings, J. Effects of N-surplus taxes:Combining technical and historical information. European Review of Agricultural Economics, 1997,24 (2):231-247.
[112]Pacini, C. An environmental-economic framework to support multi-objective policy-making:a farming systems approach implemented for Tuscany. Wageningen:Wageningen University,2003:135-176.
[113]Pacini, C., Wossink, A.& Giesen, G.et al. Ecological-economic modelling to support multi-objective policy making:a farming systems approach implemented for Tuscany. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment,2004,102:349-364.
[114]Pacini, C., Wossink, A.& Giesen, G.et al. Evaluation of sustainability of organic, integrated and conventional farming systems:a farm and field scale analysis. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment,2003,95:273-288.
[115]Pandey, S.& Hardaker, J. B. The role of modelling in the quest for sustainable farming systems. Agricultural Systems,1995,47:439-450.
[116]Pannell, D. J., Malcolm, B.& Kingwell, R. S. Are we risking too much? Perspectives on risk in farm modelling. Agricultural Economics,2000,23:69-78.
[117]Pannell, D.& Glenn, N. A. A framework for the economic evaluation and selection of sustainability indicators in agriculture. Ecological Economics,2000, 33 (1):135-149.
[118]Parker, D. Controlling agricultural nonpoint water pollution:costs of implementing the maryland water quality improvement act of 1998. Agricultural Economics,2000,24 (1):23-31.
[119]Payraudeau, S.& Van der Werf, H. M. G. Environmental impact assessment for a farming region:a review of methods. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 2005,107:1-19.
[120]Pence, N. S., Larsen, P. B.& Ebbs, S. D. The molecular physiolosy of heavy metal transport in the Zn/Cd hyperaccumulator Thlaspi caerulescens. Proceeding of the National Academy Science of the United States of America,2000,97 (9) 4956-4960.
[121]Pfister, F., Bader, H. P.& Schcidegger, R.et al. Dynamic modelling of resource management for farming systems. Agricultural Systems,2005,86:1-28.
[122]Poulsen, H. D., Jongbloed, A. W.& Latimier, P.et al. Phosphorus consumption, utilisation and losses in pig production in France. Livestock Production Science, 1999,58 (3):251-259.
[123]Pratt, S., Jones, R., Jones, C., et al. Livestock and the Environment:Expanding the Focus:Policy Options—CEEOT-LP. Report No. PR 96-03. Stephenville, TX: Texas Institute for Applied Environmental Research, Tarleton State University. 1997.
[124]Proops, J. L. R. Ecological economics:Rationale and problem areas. Ecological Economics,1989,1(1):59-76.
[125]Rasul, G.& Thapa, G. B. Sustainability of ecological and conventional agricultural systems in Bangladesh:an assessment based on environmental, economic and social perspectives. Agricultural Systems,2004,79 (3):327-351.
[126]Rennings, K. Redefining innovation—eco-innovation research and the contribution from ecological economics. Ecological Economics,2000,32 (2) 319-332.
[127]Riesgo, L.& Gomez-Limon, J. A. Multi-criteria policy scenario analysis for public regulation of irrigated agriculture. Agricultural Systems,2006,91:1-28.
[128]Rigby, D., Woodhouse, P.& Young, T.et al. Constructing a farm level indicator of sustainable agricultural practice. Ecological Economics,2001,39(3):463-478.
[129]Ritter, W. F.& Eastburn, R. P. Treatment of dairy cattle wastes by a barriered landscape wastewater renovation system. Journal Water Pollution Control Federation,1978,50 (1):144-150.
[130]Rossing, W. A. H., Meynard, J. M.& van Ittersum, M. K. Model-based explorations to support development of sustainable farming systems:case studies from France and the Netherlands. European Journal of Agronomy,1997,7: 271-283.
[131]Ruben, R., Moll, H.& Kuyvenhoven, A. Integrating agricultural research and policy analysis:analytical framework and policy applications for bio-economic modelling. Agricultural Systems,1998,58:331-349.
[132]Ruth, M. Integrating Economics, Ecology and Thermodynamics. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers,1993:15-54.
[133]Saleh, A., Arnold, J. G.& Gassman, P. W.et al. Application of SWAT for the upper North Bosque River Watershed. Transactions of the ASAE,2000,43 (5): 1077-1087.
[134]Saleh, A., Osei, E.& Gallego, O. Use of CEEOT-SWAPP Modeling System for Targeting and Evaluating Environmental Pollutants.21st Century Watershed Technology:Improving Water Quality and Environment, Proceedings of the 29 March-3 April 2008 Conference, (Concepcion, Chile); eds. E.W. Tollner, A. Saleh, St. Joseph MI:AS ABE,29 March 2008. ASAE Pub#701P0208cd.
[135]Semaan, J., Flichman, G.& Scardigno, A. Analysis of nitrate pollution control policies in the irrigated agriculture of Apulia Region (Southern Italy):A bio-economic modelling approach. Agricultural Systems,2007,94:357-367.
[136]Sharpley, A. N., Foy, B.& Whiters, P. Practical and innovative measures for the control of agricultural phosphorus losses to water:an overviews. Journal of Environmental Quality,2000,29:1-9.
[137]Sharpley, A. N., Daniel, T.& Sims, T., et al. Agricultural phosphorus and Eutrophication. USDA Agricultural Research Service,1999. ARS-149, p42.
[138]Sharpley, A. N., Rekolainen, S.,1997. Phosphorus in agriculture and its environmental implications. In:Tunney, H., Carton, O.T., Brookes, P.C., Johnston, A.E. (Eds.), Phosphorus Loss from Soil to Water, CAB International, London, pp.1-53.
[139]Sharpley, A., Daniel, T.& Wright, B.et al. National Research Project to Identify Sources of Agricultural Phosphorus Loss. Better Crops,1999,83 (4):12-14.
[140]Smith, J. B.& Weber, S. Contemporaneous extemaiities:Rational expectations, and equilibrium production functions in natural resource models. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management,1989,17 (5):155-170.
[141]Strassert, G.& Prato, T. Selecting farming systems using a new multiple criteria decision model:the balancing and ranking method. Ecological economics,2002, 40:269-277.
[142]Syers, J. K., Harris, R. F.& Armstrong, D. E. Phosphate chemistry in lake sediments. Journal of Environmental Quality,1973,2:1-14.
[143]Szogi, A. A., Humenik, F. J.& Rice, J. M.et al. Swine wastewater treatment by media filtration. Journal of Environmental Science and Health B,1997,32 (5) 831-843.
[144]Ten Berge, H. F. M., van Ittersum, M. K.& Rossing, W. A. H.et al. Farming options for The Netherlands explored by multi-objective modelling. European Journal of Agronomy,2000,13:263-277.
[145]Thampapillai, D. J.& Sinden, J. A. Trade-Offs for Multiple Objective Planning Through Linear Programming. Water Resource Research,1979,15:1028-1034.
[146]Thornton, P. K.& Herrero, M. Integrated crop-livestock simulation models for scenario analysis and impact assessment. Agricultural Systems,2001,70: 581-602.
[147]Tisdale, S. L., Nelson, W. L.& Beaton, J. D. Soil fertility and fertilizers. New York:Macmillan,1985:632-653.
[148]Torkamani, J. Using a whole-farm modelling approach to assess prospective technologies under uncertainty. Agricultural Systems,2005,85:138-154.
[149]Turner, C.& Burton, C. H. The inactivation of viruses in pig slurries:a review. Bioresource Technology,1997,61:9-20.
[150]Turner, R. K., van den Berg, J. C. J. M.& Barendregt, A.et al. Ecological-economic analysis of wetlands:scientific integration for management and policy. Ecological Economics,2000,35:7-23.
[151]Vail, D., Hasund, K. P.& Drake, L. The Greening of Agricultural Policy in Industrial Societies:Swedish Reforms in Comparative Perspective. Ithaca: Cornell University Press,1994:69-112.
[152]van Calker, K. J., Berentsen, P. B. M.& de Boer, I. M. J.et al. An LP model to analyse economic and ecological sustainability on Dutch dairy farms:model presentation and application for experimental farm "de Marke". Agricultural Systems,2004,82 (2):139-160.
[153]van den Bergh, J. C. J. M. Ecological Economics and Sustainable Development: Theory, Methods and Applications. Cheltenham:Edward Elgar,1996:82-166.
[154]van den Bergh, J. C. J. M.& Nijkamp, P. Dynamic macro modelling and materials balance:Economic-environmental integration for sustainable development. Economic Modelling,1994,11 (3):283-307.
[155]van den Bergh, J. C. J. M. A framework for modelling economy-environment-development relationships based on dynamic carrying capacity and sustainable development feedback. Environmental and Resource Economics, 1993,3 (4):395-412.
[156]van den Bergh, J. C. J. M.& Nijkamp, P. Operationalizing sustainable development:dynamic ecological economic models. Ecological Economics,1991, 4(1):11-33.
[157]van Horn, H. H., Newton, G. L.& Kunkle, W. E. Ruminant nutrition from an enviornmental perspective:factors affecting whole-farm nutrient balance. Journal of Animal Science,1996,74:3082-3102.
[158]van Ittersum, M. K., Rabbinge, R.& van Latesteijn, H. C. Exploratory land use studies and their role in strategic policy making. Agricultural Systems,1998,58: 309-330.
[159]van Pelt, M.J.F. Sustainability-oriented Project Appraisal for Developing Countries, Ph.D. Dissertation, Wageningen Agricultural University, Wageningen. 1993.
[160]Vatn, A., Bakken, L.& Botterweg, P.et al. ECECMOD:An interdisciplinary modelling system for analyzing nutrient and soil losses from agriculture. Ecological Economics,1999,30 (2):189-205.
[161]Vermersch, D., Bonnieux, F.& Rainelli, P. Abatement of agricultural pollution and economic incentives:The case of intensive livestock farming in France. Environmental and Resource Economics,1993,3:285-296.
[162]Wallace, M. T.& Moss, J. E. Farmer decision-making with conflicting goals:a recursive strategic programming analysis. Journal of Agricultural Economics, 2002,53:82-100.
[163]Webb, J. Estimating the potential for ammonia emissions from livestock excreta and manures. Environmental Pollution,2000,111 (3):395-407.
[164]Weersink, A., Jeffrey, S.& Pannell, D. Farm-level modeling for bigger issues. Review of Agricultural Economics,2004,24:123-140.
[165]Wei, Y., Davidson, B.& Chen, D. Balancing the economic, social and environmental dimensions of agro-ecosystems:An integrated modeling approach Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment,2009,131:263-273.
[166]Wilkinson, R. Poverty and Progress:An Ecological Model of Economic Development. London:Methuen,1973:15-91.
[167]Wossink, G. A. A., de Koeijer, T. J.& Renkema, J. A. Environmental-economic policy assessment:a farm economic approach. Agricultural Systems,1992,39: 421-438.
[168]Wossink, G. A. A., Oude Lansink, A. G. J. M.& Struik, P. C. Non-separability and heterogeneity in integrated agronomic-economic analysis of nonpoint-source pollution. Ecological Economics,2001,38:345-357.
[169]Anderson, T., Folke, C., Nystrom, S.环境与贸易——生态、经济、体制和政策.黄晶,周乃君,陆永琪译.北京：清华大学出版社,1998：28-31.
[170]Clark, C. W.数学生物经济学——可更新资源的最优管理.周勤生,丘兆福译.北京：中国农业出版杜,1983：144-147.
[171]Sauvant, D., Perez, J., Tran, G.饲料成分与营养价值表：猪、家禽、牛、绵羊、山羊、兔、马和鱼.谯仕彦,王旭,王德辉译.北京：中国农业大学出版社.2005：150-276.
[172]保罗·萨缪尔森,威廉·诺德豪斯.经济学.萧琛译.北京：人民邮电出版社,2005：114-147.
[173]卞有生和金冬霞.规模化畜禽养殖场污染防治技术研究.中国工程科学,2004(03)：53-57.
[174]车美萍.可持续发展理论浅析.生态经济,1999(03)：45-47.
[175]陈立民和薛毫祥.泰州市畜牧业资源循环利用存在的问题及对策研究——以江苏现代畜牧科技园为例.畜牧与饲料科学,2009(04)：89-94.
[176]陈伦寿和陆景陵.蔬菜营养与施肥技术.北京：中国农业出版社,2002：5-104.
[177]大卫·皮尔斯.绿色经济的蓝图——衡量可持续发展.李巍译.北京：北京 师范大学出版社,1996.
[178]单计光,谭支良和汤少勋.养殖业排泄物对环境的潜在影响与生态管理.重庆环境科学,2003,25(12)：90-93.
[179]邓宏海.农业生态经济学的方法学基础.生态学杂志,1984(06)：27-30.
[180]邓良伟.规模化畜禽养殖废水处理技术现状探析.中国生态农业学报,2006(02)： 23-26.
[181]邓良伟.规模化猪场粪污处理模式.中国沼气,2001,19(01)：29-33.
[182]邓良伟,陈子爱和龚建军.中德沼气工程比较.可再生能源,2008(01)110-114.
[183]邓良伟,陈子爱和袁心飞等.规模化猪场粪污处理工程模式与技术定位.养,猪,2008(06)：21-24.
[184]邓良伟,郑平和陈子爱.Anarwia工艺处理猪场废水的技术经济性研究.浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2004,30(06)：628-634.
[185]董红敏,朱志平和陶秀萍等.育肥猪舍甲烷排放浓度和排放通量的测试与分析.农业工程学报,2006(01)：123-128.
[186]樊京春和秦世平.经济激励政策对生物质能发电电价的影响分析.中国沼气,2006(02)：40-42.
[187]方斌.浙江省农业系统技术系数产生、转换及应用分析.博士学位论文,浙江大学,2004.
[188]冯永辉.我国生猪规模化养殖及区域布局变化趋势.中国畜牧杂志,2006(04)：22-26.
[189]付俊杰和李远.我国畜禽养殖业污染防治对策.中国生态农业学报,2004,12(01)： 171-173.
[190]高海清和李世平.西北退耕区农户收入水平对沼气消费的影响分析.开发研究,2008(05)：85-87.
[191]高祥照.肥料实用手册.北京：中国农业出版社,2002：231-387.
[192]郭新芳,朱跃成和郭建平.畜禽粪便综合利用与资源节约型生态农业技术研究.农业现代化研究,2009,30(5)：603-605.
[193]国家发展改革委价格司.全国农产品成本收益资料汇编.北京：中国物价出版社,2001：58-97.
[194]国家环保总局自然生态司.全国规模化畜禽养殖业污染情况调查及防治对策.北京：中国环境科学出版社,2002：2-179.
[195]华永新和朱剑平.大中型畜禽养殖场沼气工程模式及投资效益分析.能源工程,2004(02)：11-15.
[196]黄宏坤.规模化畜禽养殖场废弃物无害化处理及资源化利用研究.博士学位 论文,中国农业科学院,2002.
[197]黄进勇和王兆骞.中国生态农业模式管理信息及决策支持系统的建立.应用生态学报,2003(04)：525-529.
[198]黄志彭.养殖场畜禽粪污管理系统的研制.博士学位论文,扬州大学,2008.
[199]霍亚贞.北京自然地理.北京：北京师范学院出版社,1989：201-203.
[200]江希流,华小梅和张胜田.我国畜禽养殖业的环境污染状况、存在问题与防治建议.农业环境与发展,2007(04)：61-64.
[201]金岚,王根堂和牛秀丽.环境生态学.北京：高等教育出版杜,1993：19-21
[202]柯炳生.集约型畜牧业发展与水资源保护问题.中国水利,2005(13)134-137.
[203]孔源和韩鲁佳.我国畜牧业粪便废弃物的污染及其治理对策的探讨.中国农业大学学报,2002(06)：92-96.
[204]李刚.论可持续农业生态经济系统.经济与管理,2004(12)：8-10.
[205]李国学.中国规模化畜牧养殖业的环境污染问题与环境标准的利用现状.1999中加项目环保与土壤养料管理研讨会论文集.1999：84-101.
[206]李国学和张福锁.固体废物堆肥化与有机复混肥生产.北京：化学工业出版社,2001：25-67.
[207]李建政和汪群慧.废物资源化与生物能源.北京：化学工业出版社,2004：46-98.
[208]李瑾.基于畜产品消费的畜牧业生产结构调整研究.博士学位论文,中国农业科学院,2008.
[209]李瑾,秦富和丁平.我国居民畜产品消费特征及发展趋势.农业现代化研究,2007(06)：664-667..
[210]李立山和张周.养猪与猪病防治.北京：中国农业出版社,2006：182-184.
[211]李丽立,张彬和唐自如等.养殖业对环境的污染及其营养调控措施.农业现代化研究,2008,29(6)：726-729.
[212]李淑芹和胡玖坤.畜禽粪便污染及治理技术.可再生能源,2003(01)：21-23
[213]李远.我国规模化畜禽养殖业存在的环境问题与防治对策.上海环境科学,2002(10)：597-599.
[214]李远和王晓霞.我国农业面源污染环境管理：公共政策展望.环境保护,2005(11)： 23-26.
[215]林斌,洪燕真和戴永务等.规模化养猪场沼气工程发展的财政政策研究.福建农业学报,2009(05)：478-483.
[216]林伯强.中国电力发展：提高电价和限电的经济影响.经济研究,2006(05)：115-126.
[217]刘东,马林和王方浩等.中国猪粪尿N产生量及其分布的研究.农业环境科学学报,2007(04)：1591-1595.
[218]刘洪涛,陈同斌和郑国砥等.有机肥与化肥的生产能耗、投入成本和环境效益比较分析——以污泥堆肥生产有机肥为例.生态环境学报,2010(04)1000-1003.
[219]刘巧芹,潘瑜春和张清军等.基于GIS的北京市城郊农村土地利用格局分析.农业现代化研究,2009(04)：457-460.
[220]刘荣章,曾玉荣和翁志辉等.我国生物质能源开发技术与策略.中国农业科技导报,2006,8(4)：40-45.
[221]刘晓利,许俊香和王方浩等.我国畜禽粪便中氮素养分资源及其分布状况.河北农业大学学报,2005(05)：27-32.
[222]刘秀梅,罗奇祥和冯兆滨等.我国商品有机肥的现状与发展趋势调研报告.江西农业学报,2007(04)：49-52.
[223]陆景陵.作物营养与施肥.北京：农业出版社,1982：34-67.
[224]吕凯,石英尧和高振魁.猪粪的成分及其利用的研究.安徽农业科学,2001(03)：373-374.
[225]曼昆.经济学原理.梁小民,梁砾译.北京：北京大学出版社,2009：18-64.
[226]孟伟,张远和郑丙辉.水环境质量基准、标准与流域水污染物总量控制策略环境科学研究,2006,19(3)：1-6.
[227]农业技术经济手册编委会.农业技术经济手册.北京：农业出版社,1984：687-1114.
[228]潘金敏和刘兆球.生态营养与养殖业环境污染.饲料研究,2004(10)：25-27.
[229]沈根祥,钱晓雍和梁丹涛等.基于氮磷养分管理的畜禽场粪便匹配农田面积.农业工程学报,2006(S2)：268-271.
[230]平狄克和鲁宾费尔德.微观经济学.王世磊译.中国人民大学出版社,2006,235-257.
[231]沈根祥,汪雅谷和袁大伟.上海市郊农田畜禽粪便负荷量及其警报与分级.上海农业学报,1994,10(S1)：6-11
[232]沈满洪和何灵巧.外部性的分类及外部性理论的演化.浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版),2002,32(01)：152-160.
[233]沈玉英.畜禽粪便污染及加快资源化利用探讨.土壤,2004(02)：164-167.
[234]史光华和孙振钧.畜牧业可持续发展战略的理论思考.家畜生态,2004,5(2)： 1-4.
[235]苏杨.我国集约化畜禽养殖场污染治理障碍分析及对策.中国畜牧杂志,2006,42(14)：31-34.
[236]孙永明,李国学和张夫道等.中国农业废弃物资源化现状与发展战略.农业工程学报,2005(08)：169-173.
[237]孙永明,袁振宏和孙振钧.中国生物质能源与生物质利用现状与展望.可再生能源,2006(02)：78-82.
[238]孙振钧.有机农业及其发展.农业工程技术(农产品加工业),2009(02)：35-38
[239]孙振钧.中国生物质产业及发展取向.农业工程学报,2004(05)：1-5.
[240]孙振钧和孙永明.我国农业废弃物资源化与农村生物质能源利用的现状与发展[J].中国农业科技导报,2006(01)：6-13.
[241]孙振钧,袁振宏和张夫道等.农业废弃物资源化与农村生物质资源战略研究报告[R].国家中长期科学和技术发展战略研究,2004.
[242]田宗祥.减少规模化养猪场粪污对环境的影响及调控措施.国外畜牧学(猪与禽),2009(03)：79-82.
[243]万本太.中国生态环境质量评价研究.北京：中国环境科学出版社,2004：35.111.
[244]汪海波和辛贤.中国农村沼气消费及影响因素.中国农村经济,2007(11)：60-65.
[245]王方浩,马文奇和窦争霞等.中国畜禽粪便产生量估算及环境效应.中国环境科学,2006(05)：614-617.
[246]王激清,马文奇和江荣风等.中国农田生态系统氮素平衡模型的建立及其应用.农业工程学报,2007(08)：210-215.
[247]王凯军和贾立敏.升流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)反应器的设备化研究.给水排水,2001(04)：85-90.
[248]王凯军,金冬霞和赵淑霞等.畜禽养殖污染防治技术与政策.北京：化学工业出版社,2004：7-69.
[249]王林云.现代中国养猪.北京：金盾出版社,2007：551-729.
[250]王倩.畜禽养殖业固体废弃物资源化及.农用可行性研究,博士学位论文,山东师范大学,2007.
[251]王松霈.生态经济学为可持续发展提供理论基础.中国人口.资源与环境,2003,13(02)：11-16.
[252]王先甲.最优生产函数的数学规划方法.武汉水利电力大学学报,1993,26(5)：555-561.
[253]王宇波,孟祥海和周海川等.基于循环经济下的集约型畜禽养殖业可持续发展路径设计——以武汉市为例.湖北农业科学,2009(06)：1492-1496.
[254]王宇欣,苏星和唐艳芬等.京郊农村大中型沼气工程发展现状分析与对策研 究.农业工程学报,2008(10)：291-295
[255]吴创之.欧洲生物质能利用的研究现状及探讨.新能源,1999,21(3)：30-35.
[256]吴春明,陈君和蒋保健等.农区畜禽规模化生产初探.中国禽业导刊,2004(13)： 14.
[257]吴燕,张文阳,庞艳.畜禽养殖废物资源化与零废物目标.2009中国环境科学学会学术年会论文集,2009：863-867.
[258]相俊红和胡伟.我国畜禽粪便废弃物资源化利用现状.现代农业装备,2006(02)：59-63.
[259]向云.我国饲料资源研究与利用现状.天津农业科学,1999,5(02)：41-43.
[260]徐小华和吴仁水.基于门限协整的猪粮价格关系研究.农业技术经济,2010(05)： 78-84.
[261]颜丽.沼气发电产业化可行性分析.太阳能,2004(5)：12-15.
[262]颜丽和曾有为.中国沼气发电产业化可行性分析.中国沼气,2005,23(S1)：233-237.
[263]杨国义,陈俊坚和何嘉文等.广东省畜禽粪便污染及综合防治对策.土壤肥料,2005(02)：46-48.
[264]杨磊,刘承和张智勇等.基于RFID可追溯系统的畜产品供应链安全控制研究.中国畜牧杂志,2009(18)：22-25.
[265]杨立彬,李德发和谯仕谚等.模拟五品种生长肥育猪体重和采食量变化规律的研究.中国饲料,2004,11：20-23.
[266]姚丽贤和周修冲.有机肥对环境的影响及预防研究.中国生态农业学报,2005,13(2)：113-115.
[267]于潇萌和刘爱民.促使畜牧业养殖方式变化的因素分析.中国畜牧杂志,2007(10)：51-55.
[268]曾悦,洪华生和王卫平等.基于GIS的畜禽养殖废弃物土地处理适宜性评价研究.农业环境科学学报,2005(03)：595-599.
[269]张承龙.农业废弃物资源化利用技术现状及其前景.中国资源综合利用,2002(02)：14-16.
[270]张翠绵,王占武和李洪涛.固态畜禽废弃物利用现状及发展对策.河北农业科学,2004(02)：100-103.
[271]张帆.环境与资源经济学.上海：上海三联书店,上海人民出版社,1998：1-5.
[272]张维理,冀宏杰和H. Kolbe等.中国农业面源污染形势估计及控制对策Ⅱ.欧美国家农业面源污染状况及控制.中国农业科学,2004(07)：1018-1025.
[273]张维理,武淑霞和冀宏杰等.中国农业面源污染形势估计及控制对策1.21世纪初期中国农业面源污染的形势估计.中国农业科学,2004(07)：1008-1017.
[274]张维理,徐爱国和冀宏杰等.中国农业面源污染形势估计及控制对策Ⅲ.中国农业面源污染控制中存在问题分析.中国农业科学,2004(07)：1026-1033.
[275]张晓军,史殿林和闻世常等.北郎中村沼气工程运行浅析.中国沼气,2007,25(6)：38-42.
[276]张元碧.集约化养猪场的污染问题及治理模式.福建环境,2003(04)：45-48.
[277]章明奎.农业系统中氮磷的最佳管理实践.北京：中国农业出版社,2005：32-139.
[278]赵立欣.大中型沼气工程技术.北京：化学工业出版社,2008：57-72.
[279]夏祖军,张静,古艳山,李飞.“北郎中模式”初现京城——顺义财政支持新农村建设纪实.中国财经报.2006-09-15.
[280]中国可再生能源规模化发展项目办公室.农村能源工程推广应用组织管理.2008. http://www.cresp.org.cn/uploadfiles/73/1120/researchreport.
[281]中国农业科学院土壤肥料研究所.国家重大科技专项：滇池流域面源污染控制技术研究-精准化平衡施肥技术专题研究报告,2003.
[282]中华人民共和国环境保护部.《畜禽养殖业污染防治技术政策(征求意见稿)》编制说明[EB/OL],2009. http://www.zhb.gov.cn/gkml/hbb/bgth/.
[283]周国安.饲料手册.北京：中国农业出版社,2002：109-711.
[284]周启星,罗义和祝凌燕.环境基准值的科学研究与我国环境标准的修订.农业环境科学学报,2007(01)：1-5.
[285]朱兆良.农田中氮肥的损失与对策.土壤与环境,2000,9(1)：1-6.
[286]朱志平,董红敏和尚斌等.规模化猪场固体粪便收集系数与成分测定.农业工程学报,2006,22(S2)：179-182.
[287]左铁镛.科学把握循环经济内涵促进人与自然和谐发展.高等教育研究,2005(04)：3-6.