Ethernet、多路CAN网关的设计与实现
摘要
典型的现场总线控制系统(FCS，Fieldbus Control System)由现场设备、现场总线系统、计算机接口以及通信设备组成。现场总线(Field bus)负责现场设备通信，它能满足过程自动化、制造加工自动化、楼宇自动化、家庭自动化等领域的自动化控制需求。因此现场总线在工业总线领域变得非常的重要和活跃。最早的现场总线国际标准是CAN(Controller Aera Network)。虽然CAN总线在现场控制领域有诸多优势，但是它不能直接接入Ethernet网络。因此控制信息只能在现场网络中传递，这一点不利于工厂自动化和系统自动化的发展。如果能将CAN总线与Ethernet有机的结合起来，无疑将给现场控制、生产调控、企业管理等诸多方面带来巨大便利。
因此本论文设计了一个Ethernet和多路CAN总线的网关来实现CAN总线与以太网的通信。论文深入的剖析了CAN总线及Ethernet的通信协议，并对CAN总线与Ethernet的接口技术以及两个网络的信息交换技术进行了研究。该网关以LPC2294作为核心处理器，DM9000以太网控制器作为以太网主控芯片构建了Ethernet和多路CAN的网关的硬件电路。并选用μC／OS-Ⅱ为嵌入式操作系统，选用开源轻量级TCP／IP协议栈LWIP实现了系统管理和以太网通信。
本文成功实现了“Ethernet、多路CAN网关”。探讨了以LPC2294为核心处理器的Ethernet-CAN网关的总体设计、软硬件设计。介绍了μC／OS-Ⅱ在ARM7上的移植，LWIP在ARM7和μC／OS-Ⅱ上的移植，以及以太网控制器和CAN控制器驱动的驱动程序的编写等。
Field-bus Control System is often consisted by filed devices, filed bus, computer interfaces, and communication devices. The communication between devices in filed is done by the filed bus, which can be used in process automation, make automation, building automation, family automation and so. So Filed-bus becomes very important and active. In the filed-buses, the first one certificated by the international organization for standardization is the CAN (CAN: Control Area Network) bus. Although the CAN bus has done excellently, it can directly connected to Ethernet. So the information can only follow in the local network, can not be shared by the remote user. It doesn't contribute to the development of factory automation. If CAN bus can work together with the Ethernet well, the field control, the produce adjustment, the enterprise management and so on can get more convenient.
Because of the above reasons, the paper designs a gateway of Ethernet and multiple CAN bus. It studies the protocol of CAN bus and Ethernet, interface technology of them, and communication technology between them. The LPC2294 used as the core processor of the gateway, DM9000 as the Ethernet controller, mcp2510 as CAN controller are the main devices in the gateway. The embedded OSμC/OS-Ⅱ, LWIP are used to implementation the system management and Ethernet communication.
The Ethernet and multiple CAN bus gateway is designed successfully. The macro design, software and hardware design are talked in this paper, event how to port the LWIP to ARM7 andμC/OS-Ⅱand the driver of CAN controllers and DM9000 are introduced, too.
因此本论文设计了一个Ethernet和多路CAN总线的网关来实现CAN总线与以太网的通信。论文深入的剖析了CAN总线及Ethernet的通信协议，并对CAN总线与Ethernet的接口技术以及两个网络的信息交换技术进行了研究。该网关以LPC2294作为核心处理器，DM9000以太网控制器作为以太网主控芯片构建了Ethernet和多路CAN的网关的硬件电路。并选用μC／OS-Ⅱ为嵌入式操作系统，选用开源轻量级TCP／IP协议栈LWIP实现了系统管理和以太网通信。
本文成功实现了“Ethernet、多路CAN网关”。探讨了以LPC2294为核心处理器的Ethernet-CAN网关的总体设计、软硬件设计。介绍了μC／OS-Ⅱ在ARM7上的移植，LWIP在ARM7和μC／OS-Ⅱ上的移植，以及以太网控制器和CAN控制器驱动的驱动程序的编写等。
Field-bus Control System is often consisted by filed devices, filed bus, computer interfaces, and communication devices. The communication between devices in filed is done by the filed bus, which can be used in process automation, make automation, building automation, family automation and so. So Filed-bus becomes very important and active. In the filed-buses, the first one certificated by the international organization for standardization is the CAN (CAN: Control Area Network) bus. Although the CAN bus has done excellently, it can directly connected to Ethernet. So the information can only follow in the local network, can not be shared by the remote user. It doesn't contribute to the development of factory automation. If CAN bus can work together with the Ethernet well, the field control, the produce adjustment, the enterprise management and so on can get more convenient.
Because of the above reasons, the paper designs a gateway of Ethernet and multiple CAN bus. It studies the protocol of CAN bus and Ethernet, interface technology of them, and communication technology between them. The LPC2294 used as the core processor of the gateway, DM9000 as the Ethernet controller, mcp2510 as CAN controller are the main devices in the gateway. The embedded OSμC/OS-Ⅱ, LWIP are used to implementation the system management and Ethernet communication.
The Ethernet and multiple CAN bus gateway is designed successfully. The macro design, software and hardware design are talked in this paper, event how to port the LWIP to ARM7 andμC/OS-Ⅱand the driver of CAN controllers and DM9000 are introduced, too.
引文
[1] 邬宽明．CAN总线原理和应用系统设计[M]．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，1996．11
[2] 夏继强，邢春香，耿春明，满庆丰．工业现场总线技术的新进展[J]．北京航空航天大学学报，2004，30，4．
[3] Jean J．Labrosse．嵌入式实时操作系统μ C／OS-Ⅱ[M]．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2004，6
[4] W．Richard Stevens．TCP-IP详解卷1：协议[M]．北京：机械工业出版社，2000，4
[5] Swedish Institute of Computer Sience, Design and Implementation of the lwIP TCP/IP Stack. 2001, February 20.
[6] http://www.sics.se/~adam/lwip/download.html
[7] www.nxp.com/acrobat_download/datasheets/LPC2292_2294_4.pdf
[8] 王敬利，刘德忠．现场总线控制技术在数据采集与监控中的应用[J]．机械与电子，2007，2．
[9] 崔志强，杨忠彪．DCS系统在火力发电控制方面的应用[J]．沈阳工程学院学报：自然科学版，2007，1(3)．
[10] CAN总线的发展史www.zlgmcu.com/download/downs.asp
[11] LPC2294 Data Sheet, Philips Semiconductors, Feb, 2004
[12] DM9000 Data Sheet, DAVICOM, June, 2002
[13] mcp2510 Data Sheet, Microchip Technology Inc, 2005
[14] W. RICHARD STEVENS, TCP/IP ILLUSTRATED, VOLUME 1: THE PROTOCOLS[M]. ADDISON-WESLEY 2004, 5.
[15] D. Heffernan, A. Bohannon. Real-time design in a distributed control network application layer environment. IEEE Proceedings online no. 20010631, 2001.
[16] Jun-ichiro-itojun Hagino IPv6 Network Programming[M]. Elsevier Digital Press
[17] STEVE FURBER, AEdSYSTEM-ON-CHIP ARCHITECTURE, SECOND EDITION[M], PEARSON EDUCATION, 2003.
[18] K. Tindell, A. Burns, A. j. Wellings, Calculating controller area network (CAN) message response times. Control Engineering Practice. 1995. 3(8)
[19] L. Almeida. The FTT-CAN Protocol: Why and how. IEEE Transactions on Industrial electronics. 2002, 49(6)
[20] H. Ekiz, A. Kutlu, E. T. Powner. Performance analysis of a CAN/CAN bridge. Processings of International Conference on Network Protocols, 1996
[21] www.zlgmcu.com
[2] 夏继强，邢春香，耿春明，满庆丰．工业现场总线技术的新进展[J]．北京航空航天大学学报，2004，30，4．
[3] Jean J．Labrosse．嵌入式实时操作系统μ C／OS-Ⅱ[M]．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2004，6
[4] W．Richard Stevens．TCP-IP详解卷1：协议[M]．北京：机械工业出版社，2000，4
[5] Swedish Institute of Computer Sience, Design and Implementation of the lwIP TCP/IP Stack. 2001, February 20.
[6] http://www.sics.se/~adam/lwip/download.html
[7] www.nxp.com/acrobat_download/datasheets/LPC2292_2294_4.pdf
[8] 王敬利，刘德忠．现场总线控制技术在数据采集与监控中的应用[J]．机械与电子，2007，2．
[9] 崔志强，杨忠彪．DCS系统在火力发电控制方面的应用[J]．沈阳工程学院学报：自然科学版，2007，1(3)．
[10] CAN总线的发展史www.zlgmcu.com/download/downs.asp
[11] LPC2294 Data Sheet, Philips Semiconductors, Feb, 2004
[12] DM9000 Data Sheet, DAVICOM, June, 2002
[13] mcp2510 Data Sheet, Microchip Technology Inc, 2005
[14] W. RICHARD STEVENS, TCP/IP ILLUSTRATED, VOLUME 1: THE PROTOCOLS[M]. ADDISON-WESLEY 2004, 5.
[15] D. Heffernan, A. Bohannon. Real-time design in a distributed control network application layer environment. IEEE Proceedings online no. 20010631, 2001.
[16] Jun-ichiro-itojun Hagino IPv6 Network Programming[M]. Elsevier Digital Press
[17] STEVE FURBER, AEdSYSTEM-ON-CHIP ARCHITECTURE, SECOND EDITION[M], PEARSON EDUCATION, 2003.
[18] K. Tindell, A. Burns, A. j. Wellings, Calculating controller area network (CAN) message response times. Control Engineering Practice. 1995. 3(8)
[19] L. Almeida. The FTT-CAN Protocol: Why and how. IEEE Transactions on Industrial electronics. 2002, 49(6)
[20] H. Ekiz, A. Kutlu, E. T. Powner. Performance analysis of a CAN/CAN bridge. Processings of International Conference on Network Protocols, 1996
[21] www.zlgmcu.com