中等职业学校园林绿化专业图案课的教学研究
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摘要
随着市场经济的发展,社会分工越来越趋向专业化,因此,中等职业教育应坚持以就业为导向,确立“学生为主体,能力为本位”的教学理念,把提高学生的就业和创业能力作为教学改革的重点,深化人才培养模式改革、教育教学管理改革、课程改革、实践教学手段方式改革,加强学生的社会实践和专业实践,让学生接触社会、了解行业、认知职业、择机创业,专业教育与就业培训相结合,及时提供就业岗位所要求的理论知识和实践技能。对于我们中等职业学校园林绿化专业来说,人才培养的目标就是要培养具有一定理论基础的高素质应用型人才,即活跃在一线的高级技师和专业管理人员。那么如何在图案课上实现园林人才培养目标,在教育中如何有效开展教学?提高教学的实效性?是本文探讨的主题。本文针对中等职业学校园林绿化专业所面临的实际情况,通过问卷调查的形式,对园林图案课教学中存在的问题进行了深入调研,并认真的分析了存在这些问题的原因。在此基础上提出了科学制定园林图案课教学目标,不断丰富、完善教学内容,改进教学方法、教学手段,加强实践教学,采用多种评价方式,提高教师素质等进行了有益的探究。并展示了实践探索的成果。
As the development of market economy, social division is becoming increasingly specialized, therefore, the secondary vocational education should insist on taking employment as the guidance and establishing the teaching idea of“student is the main body and ability is the standard”. The emphasis of educational reform should be laid on the improvement of employment and initiative capacity. Deepen the reform of personnel training pattern, educational teaching management, and curriculum and practice teaching methods; strengthen the students’social and specialized practice. Let the student contact the society, understand the profession, cognize the occupation, seize on the chance of initiative. We need to integrate professional education with employment training and provide theoretical knowledge and practice skill, which is need in employment post. As far as gardening is concerned, the purpose of raising talent person is to raise high quality application men with certain theory bases, that is to say those senior technicians and specialized administrators who are vigorously engaged in it. The subject we are going to discuss is how to achieve the goal of cultivating gardening talent in design class, how to develop the teaching effectively in education and improve the teaching efficiently? Reality been confronted with by the special field the main body of a book is afforested specifically for secondary vocational schools gardens, have problem has carried out the cause going deep into these problems having surveyed, and analysing seriously existence on gardens by the form that the questionnaire inquires into, in pattern class teaching. Have suggested that science works out the gardens pattern class teaching target here on the basis, unceasingly rich , perfect content of courses, improves teaching method , the teaching means , reinforces practice teaching , adopt various valuation way, improve teacher quality waiting to have carried out the beneficial exploration. And have shown the achievement that practice probes.
As the development of market economy, social division is becoming increasingly specialized, therefore, the secondary vocational education should insist on taking employment as the guidance and establishing the teaching idea of“student is the main body and ability is the standard”. The emphasis of educational reform should be laid on the improvement of employment and initiative capacity. Deepen the reform of personnel training pattern, educational teaching management, and curriculum and practice teaching methods; strengthen the students’social and specialized practice. Let the student contact the society, understand the profession, cognize the occupation, seize on the chance of initiative. We need to integrate professional education with employment training and provide theoretical knowledge and practice skill, which is need in employment post. As far as gardening is concerned, the purpose of raising talent person is to raise high quality application men with certain theory bases, that is to say those senior technicians and specialized administrators who are vigorously engaged in it. The subject we are going to discuss is how to achieve the goal of cultivating gardening talent in design class, how to develop the teaching effectively in education and improve the teaching efficiently? Reality been confronted with by the special field the main body of a book is afforested specifically for secondary vocational schools gardens, have problem has carried out the cause going deep into these problems having surveyed, and analysing seriously existence on gardens by the form that the questionnaire inquires into, in pattern class teaching. Have suggested that science works out the gardens pattern class teaching target here on the basis, unceasingly rich , perfect content of courses, improves teaching method , the teaching means , reinforces practice teaching , adopt various valuation way, improve teacher quality waiting to have carried out the beneficial exploration. And have shown the achievement that practice probes.
引文
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[18]周武忠.城市园林艺术[M]东南大学出版社,2000。
[19]吴宏.生态园林是现代城市园林绿化的发展方向[J].中外建筑,2004, (4): 83-85.
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[21]孔新描.工艺美术[M];山东:山东美术出版社,2000;
[22]余乐孝.实用美术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1991.
[23]何洁 詹凯.图形设计[M].吉林:吉林美术出版社,1996.
[24]陈池瑜.中国现代美术学史[M].黑龙江美术出版社,2000 年版。
[25]陈瑞林.中国现代艺术设计史[M].湖南科学技术出版社,2002 年版
[26]魏诗国.图案[M].四川:四川教育出版社,1988.
[27]詹和平.后现代主义设计[M].南京:江苏美术出版社,2001.
[28]常锐伦著.美术学科教育学[M].首都师范大学出版社,2000 年,9 月版
[29]尹少淳著.美术教育:理想与现实中的徜徉[M].高等教育出版社,2005 年 3 月版
[30]高文著 钟启泉主编.教学模式论[M].上海教育出版社,2002 年版
[31]张家祥 钱景舫著.职业技术教育学[M].华东师范大学出版社,2001年版
[32]张云勇著.创新教育中国教育范式的转型[M].山东教育出版社,2004 年版心理学类;
[33]黄强 张树桂 杨广兴著.职业培训心理学[M].天津职业技术师范学院,1987 年版
[34]常锐伦著.美术学科教育学[M].首都师范大学出版社,2000 年 9 月出版
[35]胡守海.艺术设计专业教学改革初探[J].职业技术教育,2000 年第 2 期
[36]张继有.国外高职教育模式的分析与借鉴[J].1984 年第 1 期。
[37]孔耘.整体化知识教育— 高师中国画教学的重要探索[J].中国美术教育.
[38]胡知凡主编.艺术课程与教学论[M].浙江教育出版社,杭州,2003 年 9 月第 1 版
[39]徐英俊著.教学设计 [M].教育科学出版社,北京,2001 年 9 月第 1 版,第 136 页
[40]陈君.设计实践在教学中的作用[J]饰,2005(3)
[41]李秉德.教育科学研究方法[M].人民教育出版社,2001
[42] 胡德海.教育学原理[M],甘肃教育出版社,2001
[43] 张华.课程与教学论[M],上海教育出版社,2000
[44] 赵跃庆.开发和建设中的问题[J],中国美术教育,2003(6)
[1]Adrian Clarke. Gray Urban Center, Green heat[J].Landscape architecture.2006(2)89-95
[2]Da Cunha, Dilip, Ecological design [J]. Landscape and Urban Planning. l997(37):269-271
[3]Schroeder, H. W. Estimating park tree densities to maximize landscape esthetics. Journal of Environmental Management, 1986, 23:325-333
[4] Forman, R. T. T., 1995. Some general principles of landscape and regional ecology. Landscape Ecology, Vol10 (3):133-142.
[5]Miller, E. and Pardal, S. 1992. The Classic McHarg, An Interview. Landscape Architecture CESUR U.T.L.
[2]赵茂生.装饰图案「M」.杭州:中国美术学院出版社.1999.
[3] 过元炯.园林艺术[M].北京:中国农业出版社, 1996.
[4]雷圭元.图案作法初探[M].上海:上海人民美术出版社.1979.
[5]陈楠.图案设计教学[M].江西:江西美术出版社.2004.
[6]回顾.美术设计解误法:图案构成设计[M].沈阳:辽宁美术出版社,2400
[7]雷圭元.怎样学图案[J]装饰,1958 年第 2 期[1]
[8]郑军.实用装饰图案[M].北京:金盾出版社,1997.
[9]颜鸿蜀、王珠珍主编.图案[M],北京,高等教育出版社,2002 年版。
[10]马菁.谈设计专业的图案教学[J].开封教育学院学报,2001.(3)
[11]吴山主编.中国工艺美术大辞典[M].江苏美术出版社,1999 年版。
[12]顾方松.装饰杂志[M]北京:人民出版社,1985;
[13]章采烈.中国园林艺术通论[M],上海,上海科学技术出版社,2004 年版
[14]周业生.园林设计基础[M],北京,高等教育出版社,2005 年版
[15]瞿辉.论园林中的植物造景[J].中国园林,1997,6(4):23-25.
[16]吴宏.生态园林是现代城市园林绿化的发展方向[J].中外建筑.2004(4):83-85
[17]朱钧珍.中国园林植物景观艺术[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2003.
[18]周武忠.城市园林艺术[M]东南大学出版社,2000。
[19]吴宏.生态园林是现代城市园林绿化的发展方向[J].中外建筑,2004, (4): 83-85.
[20]保彬.实用美术[M];北京:人民出版社,1983;
[21]孔新描.工艺美术[M];山东:山东美术出版社,2000;
[22]余乐孝.实用美术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1991.
[23]何洁 詹凯.图形设计[M].吉林:吉林美术出版社,1996.
[24]陈池瑜.中国现代美术学史[M].黑龙江美术出版社,2000 年版。
[25]陈瑞林.中国现代艺术设计史[M].湖南科学技术出版社,2002 年版
[26]魏诗国.图案[M].四川:四川教育出版社,1988.
[27]詹和平.后现代主义设计[M].南京:江苏美术出版社,2001.
[28]常锐伦著.美术学科教育学[M].首都师范大学出版社,2000 年,9 月版
[29]尹少淳著.美术教育:理想与现实中的徜徉[M].高等教育出版社,2005 年 3 月版
[30]高文著 钟启泉主编.教学模式论[M].上海教育出版社,2002 年版
[31]张家祥 钱景舫著.职业技术教育学[M].华东师范大学出版社,2001年版
[32]张云勇著.创新教育中国教育范式的转型[M].山东教育出版社,2004 年版心理学类;
[33]黄强 张树桂 杨广兴著.职业培训心理学[M].天津职业技术师范学院,1987 年版
[34]常锐伦著.美术学科教育学[M].首都师范大学出版社,2000 年 9 月出版
[35]胡守海.艺术设计专业教学改革初探[J].职业技术教育,2000 年第 2 期
[36]张继有.国外高职教育模式的分析与借鉴[J].1984 年第 1 期。
[37]孔耘.整体化知识教育— 高师中国画教学的重要探索[J].中国美术教育.
[38]胡知凡主编.艺术课程与教学论[M].浙江教育出版社,杭州,2003 年 9 月第 1 版
[39]徐英俊著.教学设计 [M].教育科学出版社,北京,2001 年 9 月第 1 版,第 136 页
[40]陈君.设计实践在教学中的作用[J]饰,2005(3)
[41]李秉德.教育科学研究方法[M].人民教育出版社,2001
[42] 胡德海.教育学原理[M],甘肃教育出版社,2001
[43] 张华.课程与教学论[M],上海教育出版社,2000
[44] 赵跃庆.开发和建设中的问题[J],中国美术教育,2003(6)
[1]Adrian Clarke. Gray Urban Center, Green heat[J].Landscape architecture.2006(2)89-95
[2]Da Cunha, Dilip, Ecological design [J]. Landscape and Urban Planning. l997(37):269-271
[3]Schroeder, H. W. Estimating park tree densities to maximize landscape esthetics. Journal of Environmental Management, 1986, 23:325-333
[4] Forman, R. T. T., 1995. Some general principles of landscape and regional ecology. Landscape Ecology, Vol10 (3):133-142.
[5]Miller, E. and Pardal, S. 1992. The Classic McHarg, An Interview. Landscape Architecture CESUR U.T.L.