工程项目管理标准化作用机理研究
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摘要
随着工程项目绩效改善和理论创新的需要，工程项目管理标准化研究的重要性日益凸显。但是，目前对于工程项目管理标准化的实质性研究还很少，“工程项目管理标准化是否影响工程项目绩效？”“工程项目管理标准化如何影响工程项目绩效？”“如何提高企业工程项目管理标准化水平？”等工程项目管理标准化研究的根本问题并未得到回答。本文围绕上述三个问题，通过问卷调查进行了实证研究，尝试对上述问题进行回答，以期为进一步研究工程项目管理标准化问题提供重要基础。本文开展的主要工作包括：
第一，将研究问题进行了概念化，通过深度访谈、专家打分识别了工程项目管理标准化的关键因素和影响因素；并基于文献分析，对关键因素和影响因素进行了变量设计，使得这些因素可以通过可观测变量来表示，从而形成了研究假设模型，并进一步开发了问卷量表。
第二，基于问卷调查结果，在对问卷的信效度进行检验的基础上，采用层次回归分析，研究了工程项目管理标准化影响因素与过程绩效、合作绩效、知识积累以及工程项目绩效之间的作用机制，并对假设进行验证。
第三，基于问卷调查结果，在对问卷的信效度进行检验的基础上，采用结构方程模型研究了影响因素与工程项目管理标准化之间的作用以及影响因素之间的相互关系；并以影响因素为基础，构建了工程项目管理标准化成熟度模型。
通过问卷调查和统计分析，本文得出主要的结论包括：
第一，工程项目管理标准化包括了管理术语标准化等八个关键因素，工程项目管理标准化与工程项目绩效正相关，这种相关性与项目类型是否一致无关。
第二，工程项目管理标准化关键因素通过过程绩效、合作绩效和知识积累等中间变量对项目绩效产生影响。这种作用机制受到项目类型一致性的影响：项目类型一致与否，影响到工程项目管理标准化关键因素的作用方式。
第三，工程项目管理标准化影响因素可以分为五类：领导类、人员类、政策和计划类、伙伴和资源类以及过程类，其作用方式和相互关系满足EFQM模型。
第四，提出了工程项目管理标准化的5级成熟度模型。基于影响因素，采用AHP方法确定了工程项目管理标准化影响因素的权重，最终确定了成熟度评价体系；提出了工程项目管理标准化成熟度的定量和定性升级方法。为企业提升标准化管理等级提供了重要的指导。
With the performance improvement and theoretical innovation in constructionproject, the importance of Construction Project Management Standardization (CPMS)research is increasingly prominent. However, little substantive study of the CPMS hasbeen done. Such fundamental problem of CPMS research has not been answered as:Does the CPMS affect project performance? How does the CPMS affect theperformance of the projects? How to improve the level of CPMS in enterprises? Thispaper has focused on these three issues and tried to answer the questions by carryingout an empirical research through a questionnaire survey, in order to provide animportant theory basis for further study on the CPMS. The main content of this paperincludes:
Firstly, a conceptualization research has been conducted. The key factors andinfluencing factors of CPMS were identified by means of Depth Interviews andExperts’ Marking Methods. Based on the analysis of literature, some variables weredesigned to present the key factors and influencing factors. Thus, a hypothesizedresearch model was given and some questionnaires tables were further developed.
Secondly, based on the data of convey, tests on the reliability and validity of thequestionnaire were conducted. After that, stepwise regression analysis was adopted tostudy the mechanism of action between the key factors of CPMS and processperformance, cooperation performance, accumulation of knowledge and projectperformance, in order to verify the hypothesis model.
Thirdly, Based on survey results of the questionnaire and the test of its reliabilityand validity, Structural Equation Model was used to study the affect between theinfluencing factors and the CPMS as well as their interactive relation. Basing on theinfluencing factors, the CPMS maturity model was further constructed.
After the questionnaire survey and statistical analysis, the main results of thepaper were developed, including:
Firstly, eight critical factors of CPMS were identified such as ManagementTerminology Standardization. CPMS and the performance of project have a positivecorrelation which was not influenced by the type of construction projects.
Secondly, the key factors of CPMS have positive effects on project performanceby such intermediate variable as: process performance, cooperation and knowledgeaccumulation. This kind of mechanism of action is affected by the type of construction projects. Whether the project type is consistent or not has a great impacton the mode of action of the key factors in the CPMS.
Thirdly, the influencing factors of CPMS were classified into five types:Leadership, People, Strategy&Policy, Partnership&Resources and Process. Theirmode of action and the relationship between them were proved to meet the EFQMModel.
Fourth, a five-level maturity mode of CPMS was put forward. Based on theidentified influencing factors, AHP method was used to determine the importance ofaffecting factors in CPMS, and the maturity evaluation system was finally formed.Then, the upgrading method in quantitative and qualitative ways of CPMS maturitywas put forward. This conclusion provided important guidance for enterprises topromote the level of CPMS.
第一，将研究问题进行了概念化，通过深度访谈、专家打分识别了工程项目管理标准化的关键因素和影响因素；并基于文献分析，对关键因素和影响因素进行了变量设计，使得这些因素可以通过可观测变量来表示，从而形成了研究假设模型，并进一步开发了问卷量表。
第二，基于问卷调查结果，在对问卷的信效度进行检验的基础上，采用层次回归分析，研究了工程项目管理标准化影响因素与过程绩效、合作绩效、知识积累以及工程项目绩效之间的作用机制，并对假设进行验证。
第三，基于问卷调查结果，在对问卷的信效度进行检验的基础上，采用结构方程模型研究了影响因素与工程项目管理标准化之间的作用以及影响因素之间的相互关系；并以影响因素为基础，构建了工程项目管理标准化成熟度模型。
通过问卷调查和统计分析，本文得出主要的结论包括：
第一，工程项目管理标准化包括了管理术语标准化等八个关键因素，工程项目管理标准化与工程项目绩效正相关，这种相关性与项目类型是否一致无关。
第二，工程项目管理标准化关键因素通过过程绩效、合作绩效和知识积累等中间变量对项目绩效产生影响。这种作用机制受到项目类型一致性的影响：项目类型一致与否，影响到工程项目管理标准化关键因素的作用方式。
第三，工程项目管理标准化影响因素可以分为五类：领导类、人员类、政策和计划类、伙伴和资源类以及过程类，其作用方式和相互关系满足EFQM模型。
第四，提出了工程项目管理标准化的5级成熟度模型。基于影响因素，采用AHP方法确定了工程项目管理标准化影响因素的权重，最终确定了成熟度评价体系；提出了工程项目管理标准化成熟度的定量和定性升级方法。为企业提升标准化管理等级提供了重要的指导。
With the performance improvement and theoretical innovation in constructionproject, the importance of Construction Project Management Standardization (CPMS)research is increasingly prominent. However, little substantive study of the CPMS hasbeen done. Such fundamental problem of CPMS research has not been answered as:Does the CPMS affect project performance? How does the CPMS affect theperformance of the projects? How to improve the level of CPMS in enterprises? Thispaper has focused on these three issues and tried to answer the questions by carryingout an empirical research through a questionnaire survey, in order to provide animportant theory basis for further study on the CPMS. The main content of this paperincludes:
Firstly, a conceptualization research has been conducted. The key factors andinfluencing factors of CPMS were identified by means of Depth Interviews andExperts’ Marking Methods. Based on the analysis of literature, some variables weredesigned to present the key factors and influencing factors. Thus, a hypothesizedresearch model was given and some questionnaires tables were further developed.
Secondly, based on the data of convey, tests on the reliability and validity of thequestionnaire were conducted. After that, stepwise regression analysis was adopted tostudy the mechanism of action between the key factors of CPMS and processperformance, cooperation performance, accumulation of knowledge and projectperformance, in order to verify the hypothesis model.
Thirdly, Based on survey results of the questionnaire and the test of its reliabilityand validity, Structural Equation Model was used to study the affect between theinfluencing factors and the CPMS as well as their interactive relation. Basing on theinfluencing factors, the CPMS maturity model was further constructed.
After the questionnaire survey and statistical analysis, the main results of thepaper were developed, including:
Firstly, eight critical factors of CPMS were identified such as ManagementTerminology Standardization. CPMS and the performance of project have a positivecorrelation which was not influenced by the type of construction projects.
Secondly, the key factors of CPMS have positive effects on project performanceby such intermediate variable as: process performance, cooperation and knowledgeaccumulation. This kind of mechanism of action is affected by the type of construction projects. Whether the project type is consistent or not has a great impacton the mode of action of the key factors in the CPMS.
Thirdly, the influencing factors of CPMS were classified into five types:Leadership, People, Strategy&Policy, Partnership&Resources and Process. Theirmode of action and the relationship between them were proved to meet the EFQMModel.
Fourth, a five-level maturity mode of CPMS was put forward. Based on theidentified influencing factors, AHP method was used to determine the importance ofaffecting factors in CPMS, and the maturity evaluation system was finally formed.Then, the upgrading method in quantitative and qualitative ways of CPMS maturitywas put forward. This conclusion provided important guidance for enterprises topromote the level of CPMS.
引文
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