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北疆地区全球红葡萄的生态适应性与果实品质相关因素的分析研究
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摘要
本试验以目前广泛栽培的葡萄品种全球红为试材,实验地选择在新疆昌吉园艺场6-7年生棚架葡萄园和乌鲁木齐地区头屯河园艺场5年生篱架葡萄园,采用田间调查、处理和室内试验相结合的实验方法。研究了全球红葡萄在北疆地区的生态适应性以及与果实品质相关的各项因子,并对当前葡萄生产中广泛应用中的几项优质栽培技术进行了研究。实验结果如下:
    1.全球红葡萄的平均萌芽率65.4﹪、成枝率66.2﹪、座果率27﹪,认为在北疆部分地区表现为基本适应。
    2. 各个时期不同部位的环剥都会使果实单粒重显著增加;但可溶固形物含量最高值仅为14.3﹪;与其它时期环剥相比,果实膨大期环剥结果母枝和结果枝,效果较为理想。
    3.套袋使果粒大小均匀、果皮细腻、果粉增多、果面整洁美观;但可溶固形物含量下降,比对照低2.364﹪。
    4.以吡效隆处理果实,能使浆果增大2.22g,但与未处理果实相比其可溶固形物含量下降1.7﹪。
    5.本实验对北疆部分地区的全球红葡萄栽培状况调查和分析研究认为:目前生产园普遍存在负载严重过量的问题:在目前管理水平不高、土壤肥力差、生育期不足的情况下,植株叶果比不应低于4000cm2/kg,即每株留果不宜多于30穗,株产量在20kg范围以内,每666.67 m2的产量应控制在2000kg以内才能保证果实的品质。
    6.棚架栽培的植株在果实单粒重、可溶固型物含量、可滴定酸含量、固酸比方面均优于篱架栽培。
This experiment choose two different garden plots with different cultivation style,trellis about 6-7 years in Xinjiang Changji and hedge about 4-5 years in Urumqi Toutunhe ,adopted the methods of combining field investigation and handling with the indoor experiments.In order to probe reasonable cultivation management technique ,this experiment studied on the adaptability of Red Globe in the north of Xinjiang regions and several high-quality growing technique applied in cultivation widely, the results were as follows:
    1.The adaptability of Red Globe was basicly in the north of Xinjiang regions .Its rate of buds developed was 65.4﹪, branches developed was 66.2﹪and the rate of fruit developed was 27﹪.
    2.The girdling could increase the weight per berry but made its quality lowering in each period and different parts .
    3. Fruit bag could make the fruit volume larger, peel better and the yield increasing, but quality showed a trend of descent in different level.
    4.The handle of enlargement in berries could make the berry expand significantly in weight and volume,but its quality had a descently trend compared with the fruit quality without handled.
    5. According to the result of investagation and reseach in cultivation condition of Red Globe in the north of Xinjiang regions,The experiment showed the leaf area of plant was significantly relative with its yield and fruit quality.It was considered reasonable leaf area/yield should be controlled arounding 4000 cm2/ kg.
    6. The cultivation style of trellis had more advantage than that of hedge in weight per berry,TSS and TA.
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