山区小城镇旅游业可持续发展研究——以河北省太行山区为例
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摘要
自1841年托马斯·库克开创旅游之先河以来，旅游业得到巨大的发展，特别是从20世纪60年代开始，旅游业已经成为世界上发展势头最为强劲并且持久不衰的产业，在世界经济中扮演着越来越重要的角色。旅游业日益显著的经济功能，对地方经济发展的关联带动作用已经被世界上许多经济亟待振兴和发展的国家所认识，许多国家已将旅游业作为经济发展的先行产业优先发展。随着旅游业的深入发展，旅游人数的不断增加，旅游设施的不断扩建，旅游资源的不断开发，使得人与环境的矛盾日益突出。旅游可持续发展的研究开始成为重要的研究课题。本文就河北省太行山区小城镇旅游业的发展，分析了旅游业可持续发展的障碍、存在问题并提出旅游业可持续发展的战略。
作为一个特殊的地域单元，与平原相比，山区存在十分突出的问题。人口密度低，人烟稀少，居住分散；经济基础薄弱，基本以自给自足为主；生态环境脆弱；产业结构不合理，二、三产业发展缓慢。这些问题的存在，严重制约着山区经济、社会、环境的协调发展。但是，争奇竞秀的自然风光和古老悠久的历史文化，造就了河北省太行山区丰富奇特的旅游资源，加上区位与交通条件好，客源市场广阔，一些山区小城镇纷纷推出自己的旅游产品，希望借旅游为龙头，给发展带来一个飞跃。旅游业正在成为山区小城镇的一个新的经济增长点。
根据太行山区小城镇旅游开发方式的不同，结合旅游资源的特点，将其旅游开展的主导产品分为风景名胜区型、旅游古镇型、城郊乡村旅游基地型、革命纪念圣地型、康体健身度假型等5类。
结合国内山区旅游发展的实例，旅游业的持续发展对带动山区小城镇基础设施的完善、经济的繁荣、社会的进步以及生态环境的优化等方面有着重要的作用，即旅游业的持续发展可以带动山区小城镇经济、社
会、生态环境的协调发展，实现山区小城镇的持续发展。
分析了山区小城镇当前旅游发展存在的问题，旅游硬件建设滞后、
旅游资源开发一般化、趋同化、旅游管理体制不顺，软件建设缺乏、山
区小城镇经济落后、生态环境脆弱等因素，严重制约了山区小城镇旅游
业的持续发展。以旅游的持续发展来促进山区小城镇的持续发展，结合
存在问题，提出旅游持续发展的对策措施。本文以三坡镇、温塘镇以及
西陵镇为例，进行了个案研究。
如何以旅游业的可持续发展来带动山区小城镇的经济、社会、生态
的协调发展，以至带动整个山区的持续发展，是研究的创新点的集中体
现。旅游资源丰富的山区小城镇如何实现旅游业的可持续发展以及如何
以旅游业的持续发展来促进山区小城镇的持续发展是本项研究的核心
目的。这对河北省及国内山区小城镇的可持续发展有重大的现实指导意
义。
From Thomas -Cook in 1841 started the beginning of the modern travel, tourist industry has gotten enormous development. Especially since the sixties of the 20th century, tourist industry has already become the strongly and lasting industry in the world, and is playing more and more important role in the international economy.
The remarkable day by day economic functions and the related induced effect on local economic development of tourist industry have already been known by a lot of economies country urgently waiting to be revitalized and develop in the world. Countries have priority to develop in tourist industry. With deep development, constant increase of the number of people of travel, constant enlargement of the tourist facility with tourist industry , the contradictions of people and environment are outstanding day by day. The research of sustainable development of the travel begins to become the important research subject. This text do small cities and towns of mountain area the developments of tourist industry on Hebei province, analyze the obstacle of sustainable development of tourist industry, existing problem and put forward the strategy of sustainable development of tourist industry.
As a special region unit, compared with plain, the very outstanding problem exists in the mountain area. The density of population is low, meagerly-populated, live and disperse ; The economic base is weak, rely mainly on the fact that self-sufficient basically; The ecological environment is fragile; Unreasonable industrial structure, The secondary industry and the third developing of the industry are slow. The existence of these questions is restricting mountain area economy, coordinated development of society, environment seriously. However, the beautiful natural scene and ancient and long historical culture does the mountain area of Hebei province the peculiar tourist resources. The position and traffic condition are good, traveler's market is wide. So some mountain towns put out own traveling products one after another, hoping to take advantage of traveling for the tap and bringing a leap to development. Now new growth engines are becoming the mountain towns in tourist industry.
The difference of the tourism development of mountain towns, combining the characteristic of the tourist resources, it is divided into 5 kinds: type of district of scenic spot, Travel ancient town types, revolution commemorate
travel of rural area base type, the keeping fit physically type of health body .
Combining the instance of domestic mountain area travel development, there is important function in the lasting development of tourist industry to economic prosperity , progress of the society and optimization of the ecological environment, etc. The other word is the lasting development of tourist industry can promote the lasting development of the mountain towns.
Have analyzed the question existing in travel development at present of mountain towns, travel build lag behind, travel development of resources vague generalization, convergent take, suitable management system travels by hardware, Software build lack, mountain town's factor backward in economy, fragile ecological environment. The existence of these questions has seriously restricted the lasting development of the tourist industry of mountain towns.
Promoting the lasting development of the mountain towns for the lasting development that travels , the counter-measure is proposed to realize the sustainable development of the travel.
The text takes three slope towns, warm pool towns and west imperial tomb towns as examples, has carried on case study.
How to promote the lasting developments of towns is the key purposes of research mountain area with the lasting developments of tourist industry. There is great realistic directive significance to sustainable development of Hebei province and domestic mountain towns.
作为一个特殊的地域单元，与平原相比，山区存在十分突出的问题。人口密度低，人烟稀少，居住分散；经济基础薄弱，基本以自给自足为主；生态环境脆弱；产业结构不合理，二、三产业发展缓慢。这些问题的存在，严重制约着山区经济、社会、环境的协调发展。但是，争奇竞秀的自然风光和古老悠久的历史文化，造就了河北省太行山区丰富奇特的旅游资源，加上区位与交通条件好，客源市场广阔，一些山区小城镇纷纷推出自己的旅游产品，希望借旅游为龙头，给发展带来一个飞跃。旅游业正在成为山区小城镇的一个新的经济增长点。
根据太行山区小城镇旅游开发方式的不同，结合旅游资源的特点，将其旅游开展的主导产品分为风景名胜区型、旅游古镇型、城郊乡村旅游基地型、革命纪念圣地型、康体健身度假型等5类。
结合国内山区旅游发展的实例，旅游业的持续发展对带动山区小城镇基础设施的完善、经济的繁荣、社会的进步以及生态环境的优化等方面有着重要的作用，即旅游业的持续发展可以带动山区小城镇经济、社
会、生态环境的协调发展，实现山区小城镇的持续发展。
分析了山区小城镇当前旅游发展存在的问题，旅游硬件建设滞后、
旅游资源开发一般化、趋同化、旅游管理体制不顺，软件建设缺乏、山
区小城镇经济落后、生态环境脆弱等因素，严重制约了山区小城镇旅游
业的持续发展。以旅游的持续发展来促进山区小城镇的持续发展，结合
存在问题，提出旅游持续发展的对策措施。本文以三坡镇、温塘镇以及
西陵镇为例，进行了个案研究。
如何以旅游业的可持续发展来带动山区小城镇的经济、社会、生态
的协调发展，以至带动整个山区的持续发展，是研究的创新点的集中体
现。旅游资源丰富的山区小城镇如何实现旅游业的可持续发展以及如何
以旅游业的持续发展来促进山区小城镇的持续发展是本项研究的核心
目的。这对河北省及国内山区小城镇的可持续发展有重大的现实指导意
义。
From Thomas -Cook in 1841 started the beginning of the modern travel, tourist industry has gotten enormous development. Especially since the sixties of the 20th century, tourist industry has already become the strongly and lasting industry in the world, and is playing more and more important role in the international economy.
The remarkable day by day economic functions and the related induced effect on local economic development of tourist industry have already been known by a lot of economies country urgently waiting to be revitalized and develop in the world. Countries have priority to develop in tourist industry. With deep development, constant increase of the number of people of travel, constant enlargement of the tourist facility with tourist industry , the contradictions of people and environment are outstanding day by day. The research of sustainable development of the travel begins to become the important research subject. This text do small cities and towns of mountain area the developments of tourist industry on Hebei province, analyze the obstacle of sustainable development of tourist industry, existing problem and put forward the strategy of sustainable development of tourist industry.
As a special region unit, compared with plain, the very outstanding problem exists in the mountain area. The density of population is low, meagerly-populated, live and disperse ; The economic base is weak, rely mainly on the fact that self-sufficient basically; The ecological environment is fragile; Unreasonable industrial structure, The secondary industry and the third developing of the industry are slow. The existence of these questions is restricting mountain area economy, coordinated development of society, environment seriously. However, the beautiful natural scene and ancient and long historical culture does the mountain area of Hebei province the peculiar tourist resources. The position and traffic condition are good, traveler's market is wide. So some mountain towns put out own traveling products one after another, hoping to take advantage of traveling for the tap and bringing a leap to development. Now new growth engines are becoming the mountain towns in tourist industry.
The difference of the tourism development of mountain towns, combining the characteristic of the tourist resources, it is divided into 5 kinds: type of district of scenic spot, Travel ancient town types, revolution commemorate
travel of rural area base type, the keeping fit physically type of health body .
Combining the instance of domestic mountain area travel development, there is important function in the lasting development of tourist industry to economic prosperity , progress of the society and optimization of the ecological environment, etc. The other word is the lasting development of tourist industry can promote the lasting development of the mountain towns.
Have analyzed the question existing in travel development at present of mountain towns, travel build lag behind, travel development of resources vague generalization, convergent take, suitable management system travels by hardware, Software build lack, mountain town's factor backward in economy, fragile ecological environment. The existence of these questions has seriously restricted the lasting development of the tourist industry of mountain towns.
Promoting the lasting development of the mountain towns for the lasting development that travels , the counter-measure is proposed to realize the sustainable development of the travel.
The text takes three slope towns, warm pool towns and west imperial tomb towns as examples, has carried on case study.
How to promote the lasting developments of towns is the key purposes of research mountain area with the lasting developments of tourist industry. There is great realistic directive significance to sustainable development of Hebei province and domestic mountain towns.
引文
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[6] 河北省乡镇经济年鉴2002．中国统计出版社
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[10] 吴必虎．中国城市居民旅游目的地选择的四种规律[J]．城市规划 1997．4
[11] 河北省地理研究所．黄巾起义中央寨旅游开发总体规划．2000．12
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[14] 西柏坡片麻岩区生态农业可持续发展研究课题组．西柏坡片麻岩区生态农业可持续发展研究．2002．9
[15] 李滨等．实现旅游可持续发展的应有理念[J]．学术交流 2001．5
[16] 李建英等．关于旅游消费与经济增长的若干思考[J]．沿海经贸．1999．12
[17] 蔡雄等．旅游扶贫的乘数效应与对策研究[J]．社会科学家．1997．3
[18] 邓爱民等．旅游资源开发与规划[M]．旅游教育出版社．2000．7
[19] 周玲强．旅游业对经济与就业的双拉动效应及制度创新研究[J]．旅游管理．2002．3
[20] 黄翔等．论发展旅游业对全面推进城市化的作用[J]．华中师范大学学报(自然科学报) 2001．2
[21] 彭华等．区域旅游可持续发展条件和动力机制探讨[J]．中国旅游业可持续发展研究．中国科学技术出版社．1999．11
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[23] 闫敏．旅游业与经济发展水平之间的关系[J]．旅游学刊．1999．5
[24] 河北省科学院地理研究所．河北省太行山区小城镇可持续发展途径及示范研究．2001．12
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[26] 张丽华等．关于旅游可持续发展的思考[J]．湖南商学院学报 2001．2
[27] 杨桂华等．生态旅游[M]．高等教育出版社、施普林格出版社。
[28] 崔凤军．论旅游环境承载力[J]．经济地理．1995．1
[29] 刘海澜等．京西胜地“野三坡”．中学地理教学参考．2000．9
[30] 三坡镇2002年统计资料
[31] 世外桃源野三坡 野三坡风景名胜区管委会 2002．8
[32] www. yesanpo. com. cn
[33] 野三坡风景名胜区管委会统计资料．2003
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