移动网络用户调度与协作无线资源管理研究
摘要
无线网络，特别是无线局域网给生活带来了极大的方便，提供了无处不在的、高带宽的网络服务。但无线网络信道所特有的特征，使得无线网络连接具有不稳定性，很大程度上影响了服务质量。无线网络指的是采用无线传输媒介，并结合最新的计算机网络技术和无线通信技术的信息交换网络。无线网络是有线网络的延伸，使用无线技术来发送和接收数据，减少用户的连线需求。本文基于无线网络的信道模型，对无线网络的智能调度策略进行研究，全文主要内容概括如下：
研究了多输入多输出（Multiple Input Multiple Output，MIMO）系统下行广播信道的容量域性能，考察了基站端和用户端获取信道状态信息的各种方法，介绍了开环系统和闭环系统的在工作原理上的差异。由于DPC（Dirty Paper Coding，DPC）编码具有非常高的运算复杂度，无法实现，所以其仅在理论分析时可用。基于DPC编码研究了MIMO下行广播信道中的预编码技术，由此引出了与之相配合的多用户调度策略。
研究了在MIMO多用户下行广播信道采用多用户特征模式传输（MultiuserEigenmode Transmission，MET）的传输方案。MET在线性预编码系统中有着较好的性能表现，可以达到逼近DPC编码的效果。MET可以利用空间复用技术，将无线信道处理为多个并行子空间，实现同时向多个用户发送其各自的数据流，从而使系统的容量性能提高。由于可获得的并行子空间的数目受到基站发送天线和用户接收天线数的限制，在同一时刻，MET策略只能为有限的用户提供数据传输服务，所以在基站端需要进行多用户调度。穷举搜索算法的实现复杂度很高，本文利用递归思想给出了一种基于LQ分解的用户选择算法，降低了用户选择的复杂性。仿真表明，与基于穷举方法的BD-MET算法相比，改进的MET算法复杂度显著下降，而容量性能损失很小。
分析了MET策略中用户调度的公平性问题，将本文提出的改进的MET算法与比例公平调度算法（Propotional Fair Scheduling，PFS）相结合可提高系统公平性，针对一部分信道质量一直较差的用户场景给出了一种自适应PFS算法来改善其服务质量（Quality of Service，QoS）。仿真表明，本文提出的自适应PFS算法能够为信道质量较差用户提供较好的公平性，并且能够保证系统容量损失较小。
针对协作通信机制在数据链路层的应用，给出了一种系统模型，分析了该模型的处理过程，并提出了协作通信机制下的一种带宽分配策略。最后将协作通信机制应用在超三代移动通信系统（Beyond Third Generation in mobile communicationsystem，简称B3G）中。讨论了B3G现有的无线资源管理（Radio Resource Manager，RRM）策略在使用协作通信时需要进行改进的几个方面。主要的改进工作包括多用户访问模块和动态资源分配模块。仿真表明，本文提出的协作通信机制下的RRM策略能够提高链路的和容量性能和系统的频谱利用率，同时各业务的QoS要求也能得到保证。
最后，对全文进行了总结，并对今后的相关研究工作进行了展望。
With the development of wireless networks, network service can be providedeverywhere, which is convenient for people’s life. Especially wireless local area networksare widely used here and there. But there are many special characteristics for wirelessnetwork, which lend to the linking unstable, and the quality of service is influenced. Basedon the newest computer network technology and wireless communication trchnology,computer networks with wireless transferring media are called wireless local areanetworks. Wireless local area networks are extension of Local Area Network. The sendingand receiving process are implemented through wireless technology, then the connectingdemand decreased. This thesis, based on channel model of wireless networks, intelligentscheduling strategy of wireless network is studied. The main contents of this dissertationare outlined as follows:
The system performamce of multiuser downlink MIMO（Multiple Input MultipleOutput） channel is studied. How to acquire information in sending and receiving processis studed, too. The obvious difference between open loop and close loop system is given.The high complexity of DPC coding approach has theoretical meaning. The precodingtechnology of downlink MIMO channel is addressed. The according multiuser schedulingis obtained.
The MET is explored in multiuser downlink MIMO channel. The performance of theMET in linear precoding systems is the best and is almost the same as that of using dirtypaper coding system. The MET can simultaneously transmit several spatial multiplexingeigenmodes to multiple users which significantly enhance the system performamce.However, the maximum number of users that can be served simultaneously is limited dueto the constraints on the number of base station’s transmit antennas and the number ofuser’s receive antennas. The high complexity of the previously developed enumerativesearch algorithm impedes its application in practice. A recursive user selection algorithmwith low complexity is proposed in this chapter. Simulation results show that the proposed BD-MET algorithm based on the previously developed enumerative. The performance ofthe modified MET algorithm is better, but its complexity is not high.
The fairness of the MET system is analyzed and is improved by using thecombination of the low complexity scheduling algorithm and the PFS algorithm and alsothe adaptive PFS algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed adaptive PFSalgorithm provides a good system fairness performance while the high efficiency of thesysem is maintained.
A novel radio resource management strategy based on cooperative communication isanalyzed via the two-state Markov model, which can allocate the idle resource via relaynodes to the subscribers who are out of service with effective radio resource utilization.The cooperative communication process of link layer is analyzed. Based on thecooperative communication, bandwith allocating scheduling is proposed. At last, thecooperative communication idea is applied in B3G systems. How to impove the existingwireless resource management scheduling from multi-address connecting and packetscheduling is discussed. A simulation example is given to test the verification of theresults. The supporting conditions for all kinds of operations of radio resourcemanagement based on cooperative communication are established. Under the ideal nodemodel, the radio recource allocation strategy of LTE nodes which utilize the cooperativescheme is given to improve the efficiency and fairness. Compared with the noncooperativesystem, the novel strategy improves the bandwith allocation efficiency and the throughputof the chain. Meanwhile it is capable of providing delay assurance for varied services withguaranteed QoS requirements.
Finally, a summary has been done for all discussions in the dissertation. Future worksthat related to this work are also presented.
研究了多输入多输出（Multiple Input Multiple Output，MIMO）系统下行广播信道的容量域性能，考察了基站端和用户端获取信道状态信息的各种方法，介绍了开环系统和闭环系统的在工作原理上的差异。由于DPC（Dirty Paper Coding，DPC）编码具有非常高的运算复杂度，无法实现，所以其仅在理论分析时可用。基于DPC编码研究了MIMO下行广播信道中的预编码技术，由此引出了与之相配合的多用户调度策略。
研究了在MIMO多用户下行广播信道采用多用户特征模式传输（MultiuserEigenmode Transmission，MET）的传输方案。MET在线性预编码系统中有着较好的性能表现，可以达到逼近DPC编码的效果。MET可以利用空间复用技术，将无线信道处理为多个并行子空间，实现同时向多个用户发送其各自的数据流，从而使系统的容量性能提高。由于可获得的并行子空间的数目受到基站发送天线和用户接收天线数的限制，在同一时刻，MET策略只能为有限的用户提供数据传输服务，所以在基站端需要进行多用户调度。穷举搜索算法的实现复杂度很高，本文利用递归思想给出了一种基于LQ分解的用户选择算法，降低了用户选择的复杂性。仿真表明，与基于穷举方法的BD-MET算法相比，改进的MET算法复杂度显著下降，而容量性能损失很小。
分析了MET策略中用户调度的公平性问题，将本文提出的改进的MET算法与比例公平调度算法（Propotional Fair Scheduling，PFS）相结合可提高系统公平性，针对一部分信道质量一直较差的用户场景给出了一种自适应PFS算法来改善其服务质量（Quality of Service，QoS）。仿真表明，本文提出的自适应PFS算法能够为信道质量较差用户提供较好的公平性，并且能够保证系统容量损失较小。
针对协作通信机制在数据链路层的应用，给出了一种系统模型，分析了该模型的处理过程，并提出了协作通信机制下的一种带宽分配策略。最后将协作通信机制应用在超三代移动通信系统（Beyond Third Generation in mobile communicationsystem，简称B3G）中。讨论了B3G现有的无线资源管理（Radio Resource Manager，RRM）策略在使用协作通信时需要进行改进的几个方面。主要的改进工作包括多用户访问模块和动态资源分配模块。仿真表明，本文提出的协作通信机制下的RRM策略能够提高链路的和容量性能和系统的频谱利用率，同时各业务的QoS要求也能得到保证。
最后，对全文进行了总结，并对今后的相关研究工作进行了展望。
With the development of wireless networks, network service can be providedeverywhere, which is convenient for people’s life. Especially wireless local area networksare widely used here and there. But there are many special characteristics for wirelessnetwork, which lend to the linking unstable, and the quality of service is influenced. Basedon the newest computer network technology and wireless communication trchnology,computer networks with wireless transferring media are called wireless local areanetworks. Wireless local area networks are extension of Local Area Network. The sendingand receiving process are implemented through wireless technology, then the connectingdemand decreased. This thesis, based on channel model of wireless networks, intelligentscheduling strategy of wireless network is studied. The main contents of this dissertationare outlined as follows:
The system performamce of multiuser downlink MIMO（Multiple Input MultipleOutput） channel is studied. How to acquire information in sending and receiving processis studed, too. The obvious difference between open loop and close loop system is given.The high complexity of DPC coding approach has theoretical meaning. The precodingtechnology of downlink MIMO channel is addressed. The according multiuser schedulingis obtained.
The MET is explored in multiuser downlink MIMO channel. The performance of theMET in linear precoding systems is the best and is almost the same as that of using dirtypaper coding system. The MET can simultaneously transmit several spatial multiplexingeigenmodes to multiple users which significantly enhance the system performamce.However, the maximum number of users that can be served simultaneously is limited dueto the constraints on the number of base station’s transmit antennas and the number ofuser’s receive antennas. The high complexity of the previously developed enumerativesearch algorithm impedes its application in practice. A recursive user selection algorithmwith low complexity is proposed in this chapter. Simulation results show that the proposed BD-MET algorithm based on the previously developed enumerative. The performance ofthe modified MET algorithm is better, but its complexity is not high.
The fairness of the MET system is analyzed and is improved by using thecombination of the low complexity scheduling algorithm and the PFS algorithm and alsothe adaptive PFS algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed adaptive PFSalgorithm provides a good system fairness performance while the high efficiency of thesysem is maintained.
A novel radio resource management strategy based on cooperative communication isanalyzed via the two-state Markov model, which can allocate the idle resource via relaynodes to the subscribers who are out of service with effective radio resource utilization.The cooperative communication process of link layer is analyzed. Based on thecooperative communication, bandwith allocating scheduling is proposed. At last, thecooperative communication idea is applied in B3G systems. How to impove the existingwireless resource management scheduling from multi-address connecting and packetscheduling is discussed. A simulation example is given to test the verification of theresults. The supporting conditions for all kinds of operations of radio resourcemanagement based on cooperative communication are established. Under the ideal nodemodel, the radio recource allocation strategy of LTE nodes which utilize the cooperativescheme is given to improve the efficiency and fairness. Compared with the noncooperativesystem, the novel strategy improves the bandwith allocation efficiency and the throughputof the chain. Meanwhile it is capable of providing delay assurance for varied services withguaranteed QoS requirements.
Finally, a summary has been done for all discussions in the dissertation. Future worksthat related to this work are also presented.
引文
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