层状硅酸盐纳米改性沥青及其混合料动态力学性能研究
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摘要
随着我国公路建设的飞速发展,内蒙、西藏、青海等西部地区广泛采用了具有优良路用性能和舒适行车性能的沥青路面。西部地区紫外光辐射强烈、日照时间长、昼夜温差大,使得沥青路面更易因老化而产生疲劳破坏。本文结合交通部西部交通建设科技项目“层状硅酸盐改性沥青及其混合料路用性能研究与应用”,在分析研究现有的聚合物/层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料的制备方法及效果的基础上,提出采用层状硅酸盐无机材料进行沥青改性,并对改性沥青及其混合料的动态力学性能进行了系统研究。
采用熔融插层方法,制备了具有插层结构的有机化蒙脱土纳米改性沥青,并对其路用性能进行了研究。结果表明,有机蒙脱土片层分散在沥青中起到阻隔的作用,阻碍了沥青分子链的热运动,显著改善沥青的温度敏感性、耐老化性能及抗疲劳性能；有机蒙脱土对沥青胶浆的疲劳性能的改善作用在高应力时比低应力更加明显。
采用单轴压缩、四点弯曲、间接拉伸、直接拉伸实验,对有机蒙脱土改性沥青混凝土动态力学性能进行系统研究,建立了相应的疲劳方程。结果表明,有机化蒙脱土纳米改性沥青显著改善了沥青混凝土的抗压强度、抗弯曲疲劳特性与动、静态回弹模量,低温和常温下四点弯曲疲劳性能与直接拉伸强度和破坏拉伸应变等动态力学性能。沥青混凝土的累积耗散能与疲劳寿命成正比,低温时在消耗相同能量时的疲劳寿命比常温时高。不同的疲劳评价方法可以从不同角度反映沥青混凝土的疲劳寿命。对于同种沥青混凝土,四点弯曲疲劳实验所得的疲劳寿命最高,直接拉伸疲劳实验次之,间接拉伸疲劳寿命最短。
上述研究工作对于提高沥青材料的环境适应性、解决寒冷地区沥青路面的动态疲劳破坏,具有重要的理论意义和实际应用价值。论文所取得的研究成果为层状硅酸盐纳米改性沥青路面的设计提供了技术支持和理论依据,对于促进交通材料的发展、推动我国公路建设有重要意义
With the rapid development of road construction in China, asphalt pavement which has good service performance has been widely used in the western China including Inner Mongolia, Tibet and Qinghai etc. The western region is under the environmental conditions of more ultraviolet radiation, longer sunshine time and higher diurnal temperature, which will accelerate the aging of bitumen and consequently cause the fatigue damage of asphalt pavement. Funded by the Western Communication Construction Project of Communication Ministry of China, this research reviewed the preparation and effect of polymer/layered silicate nanocomposites at home and aboard. And the layered silicate modified bitumen was put forward; meanwhile, the dynamic mechanic performances of bitumen and asphalt mixture were researched.
Layered silicate modified bitumen was prepared via melting intercalated method, and the performances were studied. The results show that most of the silicate layers were randomly dispersed in the bitumen with nano-lamellar structure, which hinders the thermal motion of bitumen molecule and correspondingly improves the properties of bitumen such as temperature-sensitivity, anti-aging and fatigue resistance. Moreover, the improvement effect of silicate on fatigue of bitumen is better at higher stress than at lower stress ratio.
The dynamic mechanical performances of layered silicate modified asphalt mixtures were studied using the Axis Compression Test, Beam Bending Test, Indirect Tensile Test and Direct Test. And the corresponding fatigue equations were established. The results show that the addition of layered silicate modified bitumen can improve the dynamic mechanical performances, including compressive strength, anti-bending fatigue characteristic, dynamic and static state rebound modulus, four-point bending fatigue property and direct tensile strength and damage tension strain at low or room temperature. Cumulated dissipated energy of asphalt concrete is proportional to the fatigue life, which is longer at the lower temperature than at the room temperature while the consumed energy is the same. The fatigue life of asphalt concrete could be appraised from different sides through different fatigue evaluation methods. For the same asphalt concrete, the fatigue life from the four point bending fatigue experiment is the highest, the one from the direct tension test is the lower and the one from the indirect tension test is the lowest.
The research work above is of great both theoretical and practical significance, especially for improving the bitumen properties and solving the fatigue damage of asphalt pavement. The achievement will supply technology guide and theory basis for the application of layered silicate nanometer modified asphalt concrete. And there is a great important to accelerate the development of traffic material and road construction in our country.
采用熔融插层方法,制备了具有插层结构的有机化蒙脱土纳米改性沥青,并对其路用性能进行了研究。结果表明,有机蒙脱土片层分散在沥青中起到阻隔的作用,阻碍了沥青分子链的热运动,显著改善沥青的温度敏感性、耐老化性能及抗疲劳性能；有机蒙脱土对沥青胶浆的疲劳性能的改善作用在高应力时比低应力更加明显。
采用单轴压缩、四点弯曲、间接拉伸、直接拉伸实验,对有机蒙脱土改性沥青混凝土动态力学性能进行系统研究,建立了相应的疲劳方程。结果表明,有机化蒙脱土纳米改性沥青显著改善了沥青混凝土的抗压强度、抗弯曲疲劳特性与动、静态回弹模量,低温和常温下四点弯曲疲劳性能与直接拉伸强度和破坏拉伸应变等动态力学性能。沥青混凝土的累积耗散能与疲劳寿命成正比,低温时在消耗相同能量时的疲劳寿命比常温时高。不同的疲劳评价方法可以从不同角度反映沥青混凝土的疲劳寿命。对于同种沥青混凝土,四点弯曲疲劳实验所得的疲劳寿命最高,直接拉伸疲劳实验次之,间接拉伸疲劳寿命最短。
上述研究工作对于提高沥青材料的环境适应性、解决寒冷地区沥青路面的动态疲劳破坏,具有重要的理论意义和实际应用价值。论文所取得的研究成果为层状硅酸盐纳米改性沥青路面的设计提供了技术支持和理论依据,对于促进交通材料的发展、推动我国公路建设有重要意义
With the rapid development of road construction in China, asphalt pavement which has good service performance has been widely used in the western China including Inner Mongolia, Tibet and Qinghai etc. The western region is under the environmental conditions of more ultraviolet radiation, longer sunshine time and higher diurnal temperature, which will accelerate the aging of bitumen and consequently cause the fatigue damage of asphalt pavement. Funded by the Western Communication Construction Project of Communication Ministry of China, this research reviewed the preparation and effect of polymer/layered silicate nanocomposites at home and aboard. And the layered silicate modified bitumen was put forward; meanwhile, the dynamic mechanic performances of bitumen and asphalt mixture were researched.
Layered silicate modified bitumen was prepared via melting intercalated method, and the performances were studied. The results show that most of the silicate layers were randomly dispersed in the bitumen with nano-lamellar structure, which hinders the thermal motion of bitumen molecule and correspondingly improves the properties of bitumen such as temperature-sensitivity, anti-aging and fatigue resistance. Moreover, the improvement effect of silicate on fatigue of bitumen is better at higher stress than at lower stress ratio.
The dynamic mechanical performances of layered silicate modified asphalt mixtures were studied using the Axis Compression Test, Beam Bending Test, Indirect Tensile Test and Direct Test. And the corresponding fatigue equations were established. The results show that the addition of layered silicate modified bitumen can improve the dynamic mechanical performances, including compressive strength, anti-bending fatigue characteristic, dynamic and static state rebound modulus, four-point bending fatigue property and direct tensile strength and damage tension strain at low or room temperature. Cumulated dissipated energy of asphalt concrete is proportional to the fatigue life, which is longer at the lower temperature than at the room temperature while the consumed energy is the same. The fatigue life of asphalt concrete could be appraised from different sides through different fatigue evaluation methods. For the same asphalt concrete, the fatigue life from the four point bending fatigue experiment is the highest, the one from the direct tension test is the lower and the one from the indirect tension test is the lowest.
The research work above is of great both theoretical and practical significance, especially for improving the bitumen properties and solving the fatigue damage of asphalt pavement. The achievement will supply technology guide and theory basis for the application of layered silicate nanometer modified asphalt concrete. And there is a great important to accelerate the development of traffic material and road construction in our country.
引文
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