混凝土重力坝整体抗震安全性研究
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摘要
随着我国水利水电事业的蓬勃发展和混凝土重力坝技术的迅速提高,在水力资源丰富的西南和西北地区正在设计修建众多高碾压混凝土重力坝,而这些地区正是高烈度地震频发地区。在这种高烈度地震作用下,重力坝的抗震安全直接关系到下游广大地区工农业生产和人民生命财产的安全,具有特别重大的现实意义。本文以西南某水电站为例,采用三维有限元静动力分析方法,对高地震烈度下高碾压混凝土重力坝的动力特性及其抗震安全性进行了深入的研究和探讨。主要做了以下几个方面的研究工作。
1.阅读国内外相关文献,综述了混凝土重力坝的发展情况,介绍了混凝土重力坝的设计理论以及抗震研究方法。
2.简单介绍了地震动力方程,重力坝的有限元动力分析技术以及重力坝的抗震特性,为论文计算分析提供理论依据。
3.利用大型通用有限元软件ANSYS构建了金沙江梨园水电站碾压混凝土重力坝的整体有缝三维有限元模型,计算不同工况下重力坝的应力应变,得到重力坝静力计算应力应变的一般规律。
4.对梨园重力坝各坝段进行模态分析,分别计入库水和不计入库水的作用,分析大坝的各坝段的自振频率,自振周期以及结构各阶振型,对大坝自身动力特性进行深入分析。
5.采用振型分解反应谱法对重力坝各坝段进行动力计算,依据规范考虑了顺河向以及竖向地震的激励作用,对计算结果进行分析对比了各坝段的动力响应,为坝体的抗震设计提供了参考,评价了大坝的抗震安全性。
6.采用时程动力法对整体分缝重力坝进行动力计算,分析了坝体位移及应力随着地震荷载时间历程的变化情况,同时就应力位移变化趋势与反应谱法动力响应分析做出了对比。
本论文的工作紧密结合工程实际,以具体工程为研究背景,其研究成果对设计及类似工程具有较大的参考和借鉴价值。同时,高地震烈度下混凝土重力坝的动态反应是非常复杂的问题,其动力分析中一些问题的处理还有待不断的深入研究。
With the rapid development of water conservation and RCC dam technology, some high RCC gravity dams will be constructed in southwest and northwest regions where exist not only plentiful water resources but also frequent earthquake. It is endanger the industrial and agricultural production, the safety of people’s life and property in the large regions of downstream under the high intensity seismic action, so more research on anti-seismic safety is very significant. Based on an hydro-power station in southwest region, this paper use the method of static and dynamic 3D finite element analysis in order to study deeply the dynamical characteristics and anti-seismic safety of high RCC gravity dam in high earthquake intensity. The main works of this paper are as follows:
1.According to reading the domestic and international literatures, summarized the development actuality of concrete gravity dam, introduced the design theory of the concrete gravity dam and the main method in seismic study.
2.To provide the theory for this paper, introduced the dynamical equation of seismic,the method of finite element analysis in gravity dam and the anti-seismic characteristics of gravity dam.
3.By using finite element software ANSYS, based on the Liyuan hydro-power station in Jinshajing, the holistic 3D finite element simulation model of the RCC gravity dam with transverse joint was built, to calculate the stress and displacement of structure under several different working conditions, and gain the distribution laws of the statics calculation of gravity dam.
4.Through modal analysis of all monolith in two conditons:counting the reservior water’s effect or not, the self-vibration frequency, self-vibration period and the structure’s all mode shapes were calculated, the dynamical characteristics was deeply analysised.
5.Considering the effect of seismic in both two directions according to the criterion, all monolith were calculated by using spectrum method, the dynamical respond of all monolith by the results were compared, to provide some reference for the gravity dam’s anti-seismic design, and appraise the safety of gravity dam’s anti-seismic.
6.Calculated the model by transient analysis method, the changes of the displacement and stress in the process of seismical loads were analysised, also the results of transient analysis method were compared with the results of seismic respond action by using spectrum method.
All work of this paper is combined with the practical project and the research conclusion provide the practical reference to the design and similar projects. At the same time, dynamic response of the high RCC gravity dam is very complex in high earthquake intensity, the problems for further research are pointed out in dynamic analysis.
1.阅读国内外相关文献,综述了混凝土重力坝的发展情况,介绍了混凝土重力坝的设计理论以及抗震研究方法。
2.简单介绍了地震动力方程,重力坝的有限元动力分析技术以及重力坝的抗震特性,为论文计算分析提供理论依据。
3.利用大型通用有限元软件ANSYS构建了金沙江梨园水电站碾压混凝土重力坝的整体有缝三维有限元模型,计算不同工况下重力坝的应力应变,得到重力坝静力计算应力应变的一般规律。
4.对梨园重力坝各坝段进行模态分析,分别计入库水和不计入库水的作用,分析大坝的各坝段的自振频率,自振周期以及结构各阶振型,对大坝自身动力特性进行深入分析。
5.采用振型分解反应谱法对重力坝各坝段进行动力计算,依据规范考虑了顺河向以及竖向地震的激励作用,对计算结果进行分析对比了各坝段的动力响应,为坝体的抗震设计提供了参考,评价了大坝的抗震安全性。
6.采用时程动力法对整体分缝重力坝进行动力计算,分析了坝体位移及应力随着地震荷载时间历程的变化情况,同时就应力位移变化趋势与反应谱法动力响应分析做出了对比。
本论文的工作紧密结合工程实际,以具体工程为研究背景,其研究成果对设计及类似工程具有较大的参考和借鉴价值。同时,高地震烈度下混凝土重力坝的动态反应是非常复杂的问题,其动力分析中一些问题的处理还有待不断的深入研究。
With the rapid development of water conservation and RCC dam technology, some high RCC gravity dams will be constructed in southwest and northwest regions where exist not only plentiful water resources but also frequent earthquake. It is endanger the industrial and agricultural production, the safety of people’s life and property in the large regions of downstream under the high intensity seismic action, so more research on anti-seismic safety is very significant. Based on an hydro-power station in southwest region, this paper use the method of static and dynamic 3D finite element analysis in order to study deeply the dynamical characteristics and anti-seismic safety of high RCC gravity dam in high earthquake intensity. The main works of this paper are as follows:
1.According to reading the domestic and international literatures, summarized the development actuality of concrete gravity dam, introduced the design theory of the concrete gravity dam and the main method in seismic study.
2.To provide the theory for this paper, introduced the dynamical equation of seismic,the method of finite element analysis in gravity dam and the anti-seismic characteristics of gravity dam.
3.By using finite element software ANSYS, based on the Liyuan hydro-power station in Jinshajing, the holistic 3D finite element simulation model of the RCC gravity dam with transverse joint was built, to calculate the stress and displacement of structure under several different working conditions, and gain the distribution laws of the statics calculation of gravity dam.
4.Through modal analysis of all monolith in two conditons:counting the reservior water’s effect or not, the self-vibration frequency, self-vibration period and the structure’s all mode shapes were calculated, the dynamical characteristics was deeply analysised.
5.Considering the effect of seismic in both two directions according to the criterion, all monolith were calculated by using spectrum method, the dynamical respond of all monolith by the results were compared, to provide some reference for the gravity dam’s anti-seismic design, and appraise the safety of gravity dam’s anti-seismic.
6.Calculated the model by transient analysis method, the changes of the displacement and stress in the process of seismical loads were analysised, also the results of transient analysis method were compared with the results of seismic respond action by using spectrum method.
All work of this paper is combined with the practical project and the research conclusion provide the practical reference to the design and similar projects. At the same time, dynamic response of the high RCC gravity dam is very complex in high earthquake intensity, the problems for further research are pointed out in dynamic analysis.
引文
[1]潘家铮,重力坝设计,北京:水利水电出版社,1987.18
[2]Hatami, Kianoosh, Effect of reservoir bottom on earthquake response of concrete dams, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 1997.16(7-8):407~415
[3]潘家铮,中国大坝50年,北京:中国水利水电出版社,2000.1~102
[4]王金国,水工建筑物的破坏及防治措施:[硕士学位论文],成都,四川大学,2002
[5]倪汉根,金崇磐,大坝抗震特性与抗震计算,大连:大连理工大学,1994.323~410
[6]王良琛,混凝土坝地震动力分析,北京:地震出版社,1981.35~46
[7]Krinitzsky Ellis L, Hynes Mary E, The Bhuj India Earthquake:lessons learned for earthquake safety of dams on alluvium, Engineering Geology, 2002.66(3~4):163~196
[8]Tani, S.Behavior of large fill dams during earthquake and earthquake damage, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 2000.20(1~4):223~229
[9]祈庆和,水工建筑物,北京:中国水利水电出版社,1981.58
[10]中华人民共和国电力行业标准,混凝土重力坝设计规范(DL5108-1999),北京:中国电力出版社,2000
[11]沈长松,现代坝工技术及其发展趋势(一),水利水电科技发展,1999.10:16~19
[12]丰定国,工程结构抗震,北京:地震出版社,2002
[13]李桂青等,抗震结构计算理论和方法,北京:地震出版社,1985.223~259
[14]龙驭球,有限元法概论(上册),第二版,北京:高等教育出版社,1991
[15]朱伯芳,有限单元法原理与应用,北京:中国水利水电出版社,1998
[16]王良琛,混凝土坝地震动力分析,北京:地震出版社,1981
[17]何蕴龙,陆述远,段亚辉,重力坝地震动力响应分析,世界地震工程,1998(9):32~36
[18]劭敏等,有限单元法基本原理和数值方法,北京:清华大学出版社,2002
[19]顾淦臣,土石坝地震工程,南京:河海大学出版社,1989.10
[20]汝乃华,重力坝,北京:水利电力出版社,1983.14~68
[21]徐芝纶,弹性力学(第二版),北京,高等教育出版社,1982
[22]中华人民共和国电力行业标准,水工建筑物抗震设计规范,DL5073-2000,北京:中国电力出版社,2000
[23]廖振鹏,黄孔亮,杨柏坡等,暂态波透射边界,1984,26(6):50~56
[24]Lysmer J, Kulemeyer R L, Finite Dynamic Model for Infinite Media, Journal of Engineering Mechanics ASCE, 1969,95:859~877
[25]Deeks A J, Randolph M F, Axisymmetric Time-domain Transmitting Boundaries, Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 1994, 120(1):25~42
[26]李瓒,陈兴华,郑建波,王光纶,混凝土拱坝设计,北京:中国电力出版社,2000.3
[27]Seed H B et al, Rockmation Accelerograms for High Magnitude Earthquake, UCB/EERC-69/07, University of California, Berkeley, April 1969
[28]魏琏,王广军,地震作用,北京:地震出版社,1991
[29]万文智,窦兴旺,关于地震动输入机理的分析与探讨,大坝观测与土工测试,2000.12
[30]Clough R et al.Dynamic Interaction Effects in Arch Dam, UCB/EERC-85/11, University of California, Berkeley, April 1985
[31]罔本舜一,抗震工程学,北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1978
[32]龚思礼等,建筑抗震设计,北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1994
[33]胡聿贤,地震工程学,北京:地震出版社,1988
[34]Nagao T, Mukai H.Nishikawa D, Case Studies on Performance Based Seismic Design Using Capacity Spectrum Method, 12WCEE, CD-ROM, paper No.0694
[35]中华人民共和国电力行业标准,水工建筑物荷载设计规范(DL5077-1997),北京:中国电力出版社,1998
[36]R.W.克拉夫,J.彭津,结构动力学,王光远译(第1版),北京:科学出版社,1981
[37]徐植信,胡再龙,结构地震反应分析,北京:高等教育出版社,1993
[38]Wilson, EL, A Computer Program for Dynamic Stress Analysis of Underground Structures, SESM Report No 68-1, Division of Structural Engineering and Structural Mechanics, University of California, Berkeley, 1968
[39]Newmark, NM, A Method of Computation for Structural Dynamics, Journal of Engineering Mechnics, ASCE, 1959, 85(EM3), 67
[40]陈雯,李昕,周晶,混凝土重力坝整体动力特性研究,世界地震工程,2006.4:63~69
[41]邹小红,于跃等,基于ANSYS的碾压混凝土重力坝静动力分析,云南水力发电,2007.6:52~56
[42]林皋,混凝土大坝抗震安全评价的发展趋向,防灾减灾工程学报,2006.1
[43]Miura F, Okinaka H.Dynamic analysis method for 3D soil-structure interaction system with the viscous boundary based on the principle of virtual work, Proc, of JSCE, 1989:395~404
[44]陈厚群,坝址地震动输入机制探讨,水利学报,2006.12:1417~1423
[45]潘家铮,建筑物的抗滑稳定和滑坡分析,北京:水利出版社,1980
[46]潘家铮,关于拦河坝的抗滑稳定安全度问题,岩土力学,1984.3
[47]林皋,朱彤,林蓓,结构动力模型试验的相似技巧,大连理工大学学报vol.40.1(1-8)
[48]朱诗赘,坝工技术史,北京:水利电力出版社,1995
[49]左启东,王世夏,林益才,水工建筑物,南京:河海大学出版社,1995
[50]杜平安,甘娥忠,有限元法原理、建模及应用,北京:国防工业出版社,2004:21~78
[51]Yuan.J.X. Indentification of the Mechine Tool Structural Parameters by Dynamic Data System(DDS) and Finite Element Method.[Ph.D.Thesis], USA: University of Wisconsin-Madison,1983
[52]张鸿庆,王鸣,有限元的数学理论,北京:科学出版社,1991.134~267
[53]王亚勇,设计反应谱和地震作用(荷载)计算,北京:地震出版社,1995:91~104
[54]陈兴华等,脆性材料结构模型试验,北京:水利电力出版社,1984
[2]Hatami, Kianoosh, Effect of reservoir bottom on earthquake response of concrete dams, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 1997.16(7-8):407~415
[3]潘家铮,中国大坝50年,北京:中国水利水电出版社,2000.1~102
[4]王金国,水工建筑物的破坏及防治措施:[硕士学位论文],成都,四川大学,2002
[5]倪汉根,金崇磐,大坝抗震特性与抗震计算,大连:大连理工大学,1994.323~410
[6]王良琛,混凝土坝地震动力分析,北京:地震出版社,1981.35~46
[7]Krinitzsky Ellis L, Hynes Mary E, The Bhuj India Earthquake:lessons learned for earthquake safety of dams on alluvium, Engineering Geology, 2002.66(3~4):163~196
[8]Tani, S.Behavior of large fill dams during earthquake and earthquake damage, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 2000.20(1~4):223~229
[9]祈庆和,水工建筑物,北京:中国水利水电出版社,1981.58
[10]中华人民共和国电力行业标准,混凝土重力坝设计规范(DL5108-1999),北京:中国电力出版社,2000
[11]沈长松,现代坝工技术及其发展趋势(一),水利水电科技发展,1999.10:16~19
[12]丰定国,工程结构抗震,北京:地震出版社,2002
[13]李桂青等,抗震结构计算理论和方法,北京:地震出版社,1985.223~259
[14]龙驭球,有限元法概论(上册),第二版,北京:高等教育出版社,1991
[15]朱伯芳,有限单元法原理与应用,北京:中国水利水电出版社,1998
[16]王良琛,混凝土坝地震动力分析,北京:地震出版社,1981
[17]何蕴龙,陆述远,段亚辉,重力坝地震动力响应分析,世界地震工程,1998(9):32~36
[18]劭敏等,有限单元法基本原理和数值方法,北京:清华大学出版社,2002
[19]顾淦臣,土石坝地震工程,南京:河海大学出版社,1989.10
[20]汝乃华,重力坝,北京:水利电力出版社,1983.14~68
[21]徐芝纶,弹性力学(第二版),北京,高等教育出版社,1982
[22]中华人民共和国电力行业标准,水工建筑物抗震设计规范,DL5073-2000,北京:中国电力出版社,2000
[23]廖振鹏,黄孔亮,杨柏坡等,暂态波透射边界,1984,26(6):50~56
[24]Lysmer J, Kulemeyer R L, Finite Dynamic Model for Infinite Media, Journal of Engineering Mechanics ASCE, 1969,95:859~877
[25]Deeks A J, Randolph M F, Axisymmetric Time-domain Transmitting Boundaries, Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 1994, 120(1):25~42
[26]李瓒,陈兴华,郑建波,王光纶,混凝土拱坝设计,北京:中国电力出版社,2000.3
[27]Seed H B et al, Rockmation Accelerograms for High Magnitude Earthquake, UCB/EERC-69/07, University of California, Berkeley, April 1969
[28]魏琏,王广军,地震作用,北京:地震出版社,1991
[29]万文智,窦兴旺,关于地震动输入机理的分析与探讨,大坝观测与土工测试,2000.12
[30]Clough R et al.Dynamic Interaction Effects in Arch Dam, UCB/EERC-85/11, University of California, Berkeley, April 1985
[31]罔本舜一,抗震工程学,北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1978
[32]龚思礼等,建筑抗震设计,北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1994
[33]胡聿贤,地震工程学,北京:地震出版社,1988
[34]Nagao T, Mukai H.Nishikawa D, Case Studies on Performance Based Seismic Design Using Capacity Spectrum Method, 12WCEE, CD-ROM, paper No.0694
[35]中华人民共和国电力行业标准,水工建筑物荷载设计规范(DL5077-1997),北京:中国电力出版社,1998
[36]R.W.克拉夫,J.彭津,结构动力学,王光远译(第1版),北京:科学出版社,1981
[37]徐植信,胡再龙,结构地震反应分析,北京:高等教育出版社,1993
[38]Wilson, EL, A Computer Program for Dynamic Stress Analysis of Underground Structures, SESM Report No 68-1, Division of Structural Engineering and Structural Mechanics, University of California, Berkeley, 1968
[39]Newmark, NM, A Method of Computation for Structural Dynamics, Journal of Engineering Mechnics, ASCE, 1959, 85(EM3), 67
[40]陈雯,李昕,周晶,混凝土重力坝整体动力特性研究,世界地震工程,2006.4:63~69
[41]邹小红,于跃等,基于ANSYS的碾压混凝土重力坝静动力分析,云南水力发电,2007.6:52~56
[42]林皋,混凝土大坝抗震安全评价的发展趋向,防灾减灾工程学报,2006.1
[43]Miura F, Okinaka H.Dynamic analysis method for 3D soil-structure interaction system with the viscous boundary based on the principle of virtual work, Proc, of JSCE, 1989:395~404
[44]陈厚群,坝址地震动输入机制探讨,水利学报,2006.12:1417~1423
[45]潘家铮,建筑物的抗滑稳定和滑坡分析,北京:水利出版社,1980
[46]潘家铮,关于拦河坝的抗滑稳定安全度问题,岩土力学,1984.3
[47]林皋,朱彤,林蓓,结构动力模型试验的相似技巧,大连理工大学学报vol.40.1(1-8)
[48]朱诗赘,坝工技术史,北京:水利电力出版社,1995
[49]左启东,王世夏,林益才,水工建筑物,南京:河海大学出版社,1995
[50]杜平安,甘娥忠,有限元法原理、建模及应用,北京:国防工业出版社,2004:21~78
[51]Yuan.J.X. Indentification of the Mechine Tool Structural Parameters by Dynamic Data System(DDS) and Finite Element Method.[Ph.D.Thesis], USA: University of Wisconsin-Madison,1983
[52]张鸿庆,王鸣,有限元的数学理论,北京:科学出版社,1991.134~267
[53]王亚勇,设计反应谱和地震作用(荷载)计算,北京:地震出版社,1995:91~104
[54]陈兴华等,脆性材料结构模型试验,北京:水利电力出版社,1984
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