延吉市社区朝鲜族与汉族老年人生活质量比较研究
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摘要
目的:通过对本地区朝、汉族老年人生活质量的调查,了解延吉市社区老年人生活质量现状,明确朝、汉族老年人生活质量的差异,以及影响本地区老年人生活质量的影响因素,从而为相关部门及家庭采取积极有效的应对措施,提高老年人生活质量,提供依据和参考。
方法:本研究属于描述性研究中的横断面调查。采用便利抽样的方法,以延吉市社区60岁及60岁以上的朝鲜族、汉族老年人共计706位老年人作为研究对象(其中朝鲜族356人,汉族350人),利用一般情况、SF-36健康状况问卷、健康相关行为问卷及压力问卷施行调查。调查问卷经整理、编码后录入数据,利用SPSS12.0统计软件包进行统计学处理。
结果:
(1)延吉市社区老年人生活质量各维度得分由高到低依次为生理功能、身体疼痛、社会功能、精神健康、活力、总体健康、情感职能、生理职能。
(2)延吉市汉族老年人生活质量在总体健康维度、活力、情感职能及精神健康维度上与朝鲜族老年人差异存在统计学意义。
(3)延吉市朝鲜族老年人在生活质量中健康变化维度上,二者95%置信区间有重叠(分别为0.514±0.031、0.486±0.031)。
(4)在60-70岁年龄组中,朝鲜族老年人生活质量与汉族老年人在身体疼痛、总体健康、活力及情感职能维度上差异具有统计学意义。大于70岁年龄组朝鲜族老年人与汉族老年人在总体健康维度、精神健康维度上差异有统计学意义。
(5)生活质量八个维度与健康相关行为六个维度及压力间,除性生活与生理职能间相关无统计学意义外,其他55对变量间相关性均有统计学意义。其中,健康相关行为各维度与生理功能等呈正相关,压力与生理功能等呈负相关。
(6)压力、慢性病数量、年龄、居住情况及健康相关行为中的心理、睡眠、性生活、休息及营养等10个变量进入生活质量的回归方程(模型F值为69.183,P值为0.000),进入方程的10个变量其R~2为0.513,调整R~2为0.506。
结论:
1.延吉市社区老年人生活质量在生理功能、身体疼痛、社会功能维度得分较高,在情感职能、生理职能维度得分较低。
2.延吉市汉族老年人生活质量在总体健康维度、活力情感职能维度及精神健康等维度上优于朝鲜族老年人,而朝鲜族老年人生活质量在情感职能及精神健康等维度上优于汉族老年人。
3.延吉市社区朝鲜族老年人生活质量中健康变化维度与汉族老年人无差异性。
4.在60-70岁年龄组中,汉族老年人生活质量在身体疼痛、总体健康及活力维度优于朝鲜族老年人,而朝鲜族老年人生活质量在情感职能维度优于汉族老年人。大于70岁年龄组,汉族老年人在总体健康维度上优于朝鲜族老年人,在精神健康维度上,朝鲜族老年人要优于汉族老年人。
5.延吉市社区朝鲜族老年人健康相关行为优于汉族老年人;朝鲜族老年人压力少于汉族老年人。
6.压力、慢性病数量、年龄、居住情况及健康相关行为是影响延吉市社区老年人生活质量的相关因素。
Objective: To evaluate the differences of quality of life between Korean-Chinese and Han-Chinese elderly in Yanji, and to analyze the influencing factors on the quality of life of the elderly in Yanji, Accordingly, suggestions are made for related departments and families to take actives and effective measures, in order to improve the quality of life of the elderly.
Methods:
It is a cross-sectional survey. Totally 706 elderly, 356 Korean-Chinese elderly and 350 Han-Chinese elderly above 60 years old in Yanji were included in the research by convenient sampling. General conditions, SF-36 State of Health Questionnaire, Health-related Behavior Questionnaire and the Pressure Survey Questionnaire were administered to the sample. Data were analyzed using statistical SPSS12.0 statistical package after sorting out and coding.
Results:
(1) The order of the score of quality of life from high were physical functioning, bodily pain, social function, mental health, vitality, general health, emotion and physical.
(2) The general health, vitality, emotion and mental health of Han-Chinese were significantly different from Korean-Chinese.
(3) The 95%CI of the health change for Korean-Chinese elderly and Han-Chinese elderly appeared overlapping (0.514±0.031,0.486±0.031).
(4) The bodily pain, general health, vitality, and emotion for Korean-Chinese elderly were significantly from the Han-Chinese elderly in the 60-70 years old group. And the general health and mental health for the elderly in the above 70-year-old group.
(5) All the dimensions of SF-36, all the six dimensions of Health-related Behavior Questionnaire and the score of Pressure Survey Questionnaire were correlated significantly, except the correlated between sexual life and pressure. The dimensions of SF-36 were positively correlated with the dimensions of Health-related BehaviorQuestionnaire, which were negatively correlated with the score of Pressure SurveyQuestionnaire.
(6) Pressure, the number of the chronic diseases, age, living conditions, and mind,sleeping, sexual life, rest and nutrition of the health-related behaviors all entered theregression equation (F=69.183, P=0.000), R~2 for which was 0.513, and adjusted R~2 was0.506.
Conclusion:
1. The physical functioning, bodily pain and social function for elderly in Yanji were better while the emotion and physical were worse.
2. The general health, vitality, emotion and mental health of Han-Chinese were significantly better than Korean-Chinese elderly while the emotion and mental health of Korean-Chinese were significantly better than Han-Chinese elderly.
3. There was no significant difference of health change between Korean-Chinese and Han-Chinese elderly.
4. The bodily pain, general health, vitality, and emotion for Korean-Chinese elderly were significantly worse than the Han-Chinese elderly in the 60-70 years old group while the general health and mental health better in the above 70-year-old group.
5. The health-related behaviors of Korean-Chinese elderly were superior to the Han-Chinese, and the pressure was less.
6. Pressure, the number of the chronic diseases, age, living conditions, and health-related behaviors were the main influencing factors of the elderly quality of life.
方法:本研究属于描述性研究中的横断面调查。采用便利抽样的方法,以延吉市社区60岁及60岁以上的朝鲜族、汉族老年人共计706位老年人作为研究对象(其中朝鲜族356人,汉族350人),利用一般情况、SF-36健康状况问卷、健康相关行为问卷及压力问卷施行调查。调查问卷经整理、编码后录入数据,利用SPSS12.0统计软件包进行统计学处理。
结果:
(1)延吉市社区老年人生活质量各维度得分由高到低依次为生理功能、身体疼痛、社会功能、精神健康、活力、总体健康、情感职能、生理职能。
(2)延吉市汉族老年人生活质量在总体健康维度、活力、情感职能及精神健康维度上与朝鲜族老年人差异存在统计学意义。
(3)延吉市朝鲜族老年人在生活质量中健康变化维度上,二者95%置信区间有重叠(分别为0.514±0.031、0.486±0.031)。
(4)在60-70岁年龄组中,朝鲜族老年人生活质量与汉族老年人在身体疼痛、总体健康、活力及情感职能维度上差异具有统计学意义。大于70岁年龄组朝鲜族老年人与汉族老年人在总体健康维度、精神健康维度上差异有统计学意义。
(5)生活质量八个维度与健康相关行为六个维度及压力间,除性生活与生理职能间相关无统计学意义外,其他55对变量间相关性均有统计学意义。其中,健康相关行为各维度与生理功能等呈正相关,压力与生理功能等呈负相关。
(6)压力、慢性病数量、年龄、居住情况及健康相关行为中的心理、睡眠、性生活、休息及营养等10个变量进入生活质量的回归方程(模型F值为69.183,P值为0.000),进入方程的10个变量其R~2为0.513,调整R~2为0.506。
结论:
1.延吉市社区老年人生活质量在生理功能、身体疼痛、社会功能维度得分较高,在情感职能、生理职能维度得分较低。
2.延吉市汉族老年人生活质量在总体健康维度、活力情感职能维度及精神健康等维度上优于朝鲜族老年人,而朝鲜族老年人生活质量在情感职能及精神健康等维度上优于汉族老年人。
3.延吉市社区朝鲜族老年人生活质量中健康变化维度与汉族老年人无差异性。
4.在60-70岁年龄组中,汉族老年人生活质量在身体疼痛、总体健康及活力维度优于朝鲜族老年人,而朝鲜族老年人生活质量在情感职能维度优于汉族老年人。大于70岁年龄组,汉族老年人在总体健康维度上优于朝鲜族老年人,在精神健康维度上,朝鲜族老年人要优于汉族老年人。
5.延吉市社区朝鲜族老年人健康相关行为优于汉族老年人;朝鲜族老年人压力少于汉族老年人。
6.压力、慢性病数量、年龄、居住情况及健康相关行为是影响延吉市社区老年人生活质量的相关因素。
Objective: To evaluate the differences of quality of life between Korean-Chinese and Han-Chinese elderly in Yanji, and to analyze the influencing factors on the quality of life of the elderly in Yanji, Accordingly, suggestions are made for related departments and families to take actives and effective measures, in order to improve the quality of life of the elderly.
Methods:
It is a cross-sectional survey. Totally 706 elderly, 356 Korean-Chinese elderly and 350 Han-Chinese elderly above 60 years old in Yanji were included in the research by convenient sampling. General conditions, SF-36 State of Health Questionnaire, Health-related Behavior Questionnaire and the Pressure Survey Questionnaire were administered to the sample. Data were analyzed using statistical SPSS12.0 statistical package after sorting out and coding.
Results:
(1) The order of the score of quality of life from high were physical functioning, bodily pain, social function, mental health, vitality, general health, emotion and physical.
(2) The general health, vitality, emotion and mental health of Han-Chinese were significantly different from Korean-Chinese.
(3) The 95%CI of the health change for Korean-Chinese elderly and Han-Chinese elderly appeared overlapping (0.514±0.031,0.486±0.031).
(4) The bodily pain, general health, vitality, and emotion for Korean-Chinese elderly were significantly from the Han-Chinese elderly in the 60-70 years old group. And the general health and mental health for the elderly in the above 70-year-old group.
(5) All the dimensions of SF-36, all the six dimensions of Health-related Behavior Questionnaire and the score of Pressure Survey Questionnaire were correlated significantly, except the correlated between sexual life and pressure. The dimensions of SF-36 were positively correlated with the dimensions of Health-related BehaviorQuestionnaire, which were negatively correlated with the score of Pressure SurveyQuestionnaire.
(6) Pressure, the number of the chronic diseases, age, living conditions, and mind,sleeping, sexual life, rest and nutrition of the health-related behaviors all entered theregression equation (F=69.183, P=0.000), R~2 for which was 0.513, and adjusted R~2 was0.506.
Conclusion:
1. The physical functioning, bodily pain and social function for elderly in Yanji were better while the emotion and physical were worse.
2. The general health, vitality, emotion and mental health of Han-Chinese were significantly better than Korean-Chinese elderly while the emotion and mental health of Korean-Chinese were significantly better than Han-Chinese elderly.
3. There was no significant difference of health change between Korean-Chinese and Han-Chinese elderly.
4. The bodily pain, general health, vitality, and emotion for Korean-Chinese elderly were significantly worse than the Han-Chinese elderly in the 60-70 years old group while the general health and mental health better in the above 70-year-old group.
5. The health-related behaviors of Korean-Chinese elderly were superior to the Han-Chinese, and the pressure was less.
6. Pressure, the number of the chronic diseases, age, living conditions, and health-related behaviors were the main influencing factors of the elderly quality of life.
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