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满意优化原理及其在机械工程领域中的应用研究
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摘要
“令人满意准则”在它产生之初,就闪烁着耀眼的、充满着人类智慧和人性需求的光芒。在短暂的发展历程中,它那么精彩,那么具有创造性,而又那么富有人情味,以至它不同于一般的科学理论,它不仅吸引着众多不同层次、不同领域科研工作人员的精心奋斗,而且对那些社会工作者,对那些企业和人民大众何尝不是一种心灵呼唤的宠儿。然而,这个宠儿毕竟年少,和“优化”这位科学殿堂里的长者相比又是那么的微小,那么不完善、不系统。在国家自然科学基金(高技术新概念新构思探索)(59685003)“机械结构系统综合性能映射建模及优化设计方法研究”、教育部优秀青年教师资助计划(1766)“基于令人满意准则的机械结构系统混合软计算研究”、四川省跨世纪杰出青年学科带头人培养基金“机械结构系统智能优化原理方法研究”和机械传动国家重点实验室开放课题基金“机械传动模糊可靠性分析与满意优化设计研究”的资助下,作者有幸接触这个新的研究方向,被它的风采所吸引,也尝试做了一些微薄的努力。
     三年来,作者在黄洪钟教授和周仲荣教授的悉心指导和关怀下,克服了诸多的困难,终于完成了本博士论文。本文凝聚了两位导师的大量心血和作者的大量艰辛。
     本文概述了目前最新的最优化技术,分析了最优化理论的一些局限性,综述了满意度研究的发展现状,建立和完善了满意度原理的理论体系,深入系统地研究了多目标满意优化问题,并对机械设计中的几个实际问题进行了分析。主要包括以下内容:
     (1)第1章绪论部分,概述了最新的最优化理论与方法,分析了传统优化理论存在的局限性,重申了在许多实际工程应用和社会生活领域中人们往往追求“满意”而不是“最优”,对于许多问题“满意度原理”比“最优化理论”更有效。
     (2)第2章的2.1~2.2节,对满意度研究进行了综述,详尽地对令人满意准则的产生以及满意度理论的发展和研究现状进行了分析和归纳,阐述了进行满意度原理系统研究的必要性和重要性。
     (3)第2章的2.3节以及第3章,在定义满意标准、满意度等概念的基础上,论述了满意度原理的研究范畴、研究对象,研究了满意度、满意解及其集合的表示、运算和相互关系,然后通过分析满意度原理的特点、意义以及
    
    第11页 西南交通大孝搏士研究生学位论文
    满意度原理与最优化理论、计算智能等学科的关系,揭示了满意度原理的本
    质,完善了满意度原理的理论体系。
     ()第4章对满意问题进行了讨论和实例分析,指出满意度原理可应用
    到被处理问题的诸多环节。一方面它可作为独立的理论出现,它所处理的满
    意问题覆盖了几大类问题,给出了满意问题一般性的分析方法和求解过程;
    另一方面满意度原理也适于作为一种准则,通过引入到优化等学科领域的理
    论研究和求解过程中而发挥其作用。并就几个应用领域,针对一些具体情况
    进行了分析,介绍了满意度原理在这些领域的应用方向;提出了基于目标函
    数的、按照解的搜索代价的、依据解空间搜索比例的、利用模糊逻辑的以及
    基于神经网络的满意度函数的建立方法。
     * 第5章系统地研究了满意优化问题。概述了多目标优化方法,给出
    了满意优化问题的应用范畴,对多目标满意优化问题的求解过程进行了分析。
    对于第1类多目标满意优化问题,通过从目标函数或相关信息中构造满意度
    函数,把原问题转化为以求最大满意度为目标的新问题,给出了问题求解的
    一般步骤。对于满意度函数表示较难的第二类多目标满意优化问题,给出了
    通过BP网络来获取满意度的方法,在采取遗传算法实现解的搜索的同时,
    应用此BP网络对获取的解进行满意度评价和选择。
     的)第6、7章讨论了满意优化的应用。第6章基于第一类多目标满意优
    化,对一个代数函数优化、蜗杆传动多目标满意优化、路网车流径路优化等
    实例进行了实际的分析计算。第7章对装载机工作装置的设计方法进行了讨
    论,分析了其设计要求,建立了设计模型,然后基于第二类多目标满意优化
    方法,利用问题中隐含的解的质量衡量标准,参照一些成型的装载机工作装
    置的设计方案,给出了更加合理可行的装载机工作装置的满意优化设计方法。
     * 最后,结论部分对论文工作进行了总结,对满意度的研究进行了展
    望。
     综上所述,本文对满意度进行了一些研究工作,在满意度理论研究方面
    取得了部分进展,为解决某些传统最优化理论不能解决的问题,提供了一种
    新的求解思路和方法,具有一定的理论意义。通过把多目标满意优化引入到
    机械设计中,给出了更加合理有效的装载机工作装置等机械产品的满意优化
    设计方法,对求解实际问题具有一定的指导意义。-
While the appearance of "satisficing criterion", it flashes the dazzling light, which filled with the wisdom of the mankind and the demand of the humanity. In the brief course of its development, it is so wonderful, so creative, and full of the milk of human kindness, that it is differ to the normal science theory, it not only attracts the researchers' hard struggle in different lever, different domain, but also is the pet of the social worker and the company and the people. But compared with the superior of the "optimization" in the science palace the pet is so young, so little and so faulty, and so non-system. At the support of the National Natural Science Fund (high technique, new concept, new design research)(59685003) "Study of the integrated performance modeling and optimal design method of the mechanical structure system", the support plan of the Ministry of Education for the young excellent teacher (1766) "Study of the mixed soft computation of the mechanical structure based satisficing criterion", Sichuan century excellent young subject leader fund "Study of the theory and method of the intelligent optimization of mechanical structure", and the open project fund of the mechanical transmission state key lab "Fuzzy reliability analysis and satisfactory optimization study of mechanical transmission", the author has the opportunity to touch this new subject and is attracted by it, then make an attempt at it.
    In the last three years, at the direction and care of my teachers, Prof. Huang Hongzhong and Prof. Zhou Zhongrong, I have overcome many difficult and finished the dissertation. The dissertation is full of their great expense and my much hardship.
    The dissertation summarizes the new technique of the optimization, analyzes the limitation of the optimization, reviews the study of satisfactory theory, builds and completes the structure of satisfactory theory, studies satisfactory multi-objective optimization deeply and systematically, and does some useful analyses to several practice problem in mechanical design. The main content is as follows:
    (1) In chapter 1, the new technique of the optimization theory and method is summed up, the limitation of tradition optimization is analyzed, and it is
    
    
    
    reaffirmed that in most engineering application and social life man seek the "satisfactory" but not "optimal" and "satisfactory degree theory" is more efficient than "optimization theory".
    (2) In the section 2.1 and 2.2 of the chapter 2, the study of satisfactory degree is summarized, the generation, development and present research of the satisfactory is analyzed and summed up at large, and it is discussed that the importance and necessity to study the satisfactory degree theory systematically.
    (3) In the section 2.3 of the chapter 2 and chapter 3, based on the definition of the satisfactory standard and satisfactory degree etc, the study domain, study object are discussed. The presentation, the calculation, the relation of the satisfactory degree and satisfactory solution and their sets are studied. Then by analyzing of the character, the meaning, the relation between satisfactory degree theory and optimization and computing intelligence its essence is shown and the theory system of satisfactory degree is completed.
    (4) In chapter 4, the satisfactory problem is discussed and examples are analyzed. It is pointed out that the satisfactory degree theory can be used in many parts in the problem solving. One side, It can be an independent theory, which problem dealt with covers many kind problems, and the analyzed and solving process is given; the other side, as a criterion, by importing into optimization and other subject domain and it exerts its effect. The application for some practice instances in some domains is introduced. The satisfactory degree function based on the objective function, by the cost of the solution search, by the proportion of the search process in the solution space, using the fuzzy logic and based on the neural network are put forward.
    (5) In chapter 5, the satisfactory opt
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