森林火灾指挥扑救决策支持系统研究
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摘要
森林是自然界功能最完善的资源库、基因库、蓄水库和能源库,对维持陆地生态环境,维持生态平衡起着重要的作用,同时森林作为人类发展必不可少的重要自然资源提供者,对社会经济的可持续发展具有极其重要的意义。森林火灾作为林业灾害中对社会、环境及经济发展影响范围最广和破坏性最大的一种自然灾害,给国家和人民的生命财产带来了巨大的损失,对地球的生态系统和人类的生存环境产生了重要的影响。如何安全快速地扑灭森林火灾,把森林火灾所带来的损失减少到最低程度,是森林防火工作人员在新世纪所面临的重要课题之一。
指挥是扑救森林火灾的领导行为,是指挥员以及指挥部为达到灭火意图对所属扑火队伍实施科学指导和调度的过程。近年来,随着人工智能、模拟仿真、虚拟现实技术的日渐成熟,以计算机为代表的信息技术在森林火灾监测、森林火灾信息管理、火灾预测预报等各个方面已得到广泛的应用,与此同时,森林火灾指挥扑救工作的信息化自动化工作也引起了人们的密切关注,成为森林防火工作发展的重点之一。
广州市在2002年开始计划建设全市范围内的森林防火信息系统,本论文所研究的内容是该项目建设内容的核心部分。该系统所使用的GIS平台为美国ESRI公司提供的ArcGIS8.3,数据库为建立在Solaris操作系统中的ORACLE,采用面向对象的设计方法,以VC++6.0、VB为开发具,结合广州市卫星影像数据、数字化地形图与专题图件,研究期间,调查、收集了大量的属性数据与空间数据,进行了近三年的研究开发工作,目前项目已开发完成并得到了用户和有关专家的肯定。
论文综述了国内外森林火灾指挥扑救方法与策略的研究现状与发展趋势,以系统科学、林火科学和信息学理论为指导,深入调查研究了广州市社会经济、自然地理与森林防火现状,运用地理信息系统、遥感技术、全球定位系统、计算机技术、无线通信技术、虚拟仿真技术和数学方法,对广州市森林火灾指挥扑救进行了以下几个方面的研究。
(1) 通过气象卫星地面接收站所提供的卫星云图,实现对所研究地区的火点监测,并根据所发现火点的相关特征,在系统中生成滤除虚假火点的条件,将真实火点的空间信息提取出来。
(2) 完成了矢量地图上林火蔓延的迷宫算法研究,在系统中实现了使用多种林火蔓延模型计算林火蔓延边界的功能。
In nature, forest is resource-base, gene-base and power-base which take on the most perfect function. It is very important to maintain terrene environment and ecologic balance. Forest, as the provider of natural resource which is necessary to mankind development, take on significance to social sustainable development. Forest firing is most destructively and natural disaster in forestry disaster, which seriously effect society, environment and economy and bring to large loss to national property. In new century, one of the important task of the forest firing personnel is how to quickly and safely extinguish forest firing and to furthest reduce loss of forest firing.Direct, as the leading behavior of forest firing prevention, is the scientific direction and dispatch of forest firing prevention staff, which director and headquarters can realize extinguish of forest fire by. In recent years, with the mature of artificial intelligence, simulation, virtual reality technology, the information technology has applied in various facet such as forest firing monitoring ,forest firing information manager, forecast of forest fire hazard, etc. At the same time, the informatization and automatization of forest firing prevention direct, which has attract peoples' great attention, become one of the keystone of fire prevention.The city of GuangZhou began to plane to set up forest fire prevention system which covered the whole city in 2002, which kerneled portion is what the paper study. The GIS platform which is used in the project is ArcGIS8. 3 provided by ESRI in USA, and the Database used in it is ORACLE which take Solaris as operation system. Using VC6.0, VB6.0 as tools, integrating GuangZhou' s satellite image data and numberalization relief map, collecting abundant property data and space data, study for nearly three years. So far, the project is complete and be applauded by related expert and client.The paper overview the present researching status and development trend of method and strategy of forest fire prevention direct. In the guide of the theory of system science, forest fire science and information science, it deeply investigated social economics, natural geography and actual forest
指挥是扑救森林火灾的领导行为,是指挥员以及指挥部为达到灭火意图对所属扑火队伍实施科学指导和调度的过程。近年来,随着人工智能、模拟仿真、虚拟现实技术的日渐成熟,以计算机为代表的信息技术在森林火灾监测、森林火灾信息管理、火灾预测预报等各个方面已得到广泛的应用,与此同时,森林火灾指挥扑救工作的信息化自动化工作也引起了人们的密切关注,成为森林防火工作发展的重点之一。
广州市在2002年开始计划建设全市范围内的森林防火信息系统,本论文所研究的内容是该项目建设内容的核心部分。该系统所使用的GIS平台为美国ESRI公司提供的ArcGIS8.3,数据库为建立在Solaris操作系统中的ORACLE,采用面向对象的设计方法,以VC++6.0、VB为开发具,结合广州市卫星影像数据、数字化地形图与专题图件,研究期间,调查、收集了大量的属性数据与空间数据,进行了近三年的研究开发工作,目前项目已开发完成并得到了用户和有关专家的肯定。
论文综述了国内外森林火灾指挥扑救方法与策略的研究现状与发展趋势,以系统科学、林火科学和信息学理论为指导,深入调查研究了广州市社会经济、自然地理与森林防火现状,运用地理信息系统、遥感技术、全球定位系统、计算机技术、无线通信技术、虚拟仿真技术和数学方法,对广州市森林火灾指挥扑救进行了以下几个方面的研究。
(1) 通过气象卫星地面接收站所提供的卫星云图,实现对所研究地区的火点监测,并根据所发现火点的相关特征,在系统中生成滤除虚假火点的条件,将真实火点的空间信息提取出来。
(2) 完成了矢量地图上林火蔓延的迷宫算法研究,在系统中实现了使用多种林火蔓延模型计算林火蔓延边界的功能。
In nature, forest is resource-base, gene-base and power-base which take on the most perfect function. It is very important to maintain terrene environment and ecologic balance. Forest, as the provider of natural resource which is necessary to mankind development, take on significance to social sustainable development. Forest firing is most destructively and natural disaster in forestry disaster, which seriously effect society, environment and economy and bring to large loss to national property. In new century, one of the important task of the forest firing personnel is how to quickly and safely extinguish forest firing and to furthest reduce loss of forest firing.Direct, as the leading behavior of forest firing prevention, is the scientific direction and dispatch of forest firing prevention staff, which director and headquarters can realize extinguish of forest fire by. In recent years, with the mature of artificial intelligence, simulation, virtual reality technology, the information technology has applied in various facet such as forest firing monitoring ,forest firing information manager, forecast of forest fire hazard, etc. At the same time, the informatization and automatization of forest firing prevention direct, which has attract peoples' great attention, become one of the keystone of fire prevention.The city of GuangZhou began to plane to set up forest fire prevention system which covered the whole city in 2002, which kerneled portion is what the paper study. The GIS platform which is used in the project is ArcGIS8. 3 provided by ESRI in USA, and the Database used in it is ORACLE which take Solaris as operation system. Using VC6.0, VB6.0 as tools, integrating GuangZhou' s satellite image data and numberalization relief map, collecting abundant property data and space data, study for nearly three years. So far, the project is complete and be applauded by related expert and client.The paper overview the present researching status and development trend of method and strategy of forest fire prevention direct. In the guide of the theory of system science, forest fire science and information science, it deeply investigated social economics, natural geography and actual forest
引文
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