基于流体力学及熵原理的集装箱港区交通流研究
摘要
由于集装箱在运输过程中的优势以及适箱货物的不断增多,集装箱港口在各国经济发展中占有越来越重要的地位,因此,集装箱吞吐量已经成为衡量一个港口竞争能力最为重要的指标。然而,目前在集装箱港口中普遍存在交通压力过大、港区堵塞严重的问题,导致这一现象的原因主要是港区集疏运规划不当,进而造成船只排队等待、货物不能及时集输港等一系列影响港口吞吐量增长的不利后果。另一方面,国内外知名的集装箱港口大多位于经济发达的沿海地区,这些地区寸土寸金,土地资源极其宝贵,如何在合理利用土地资源的基础上使港区交通流顺畅,保证港口的通过能力,已经成为一个亟待解决的问题。
目前,国内外对于港口交通流方面的研究尚处于初步发展阶段,具体体现在两个方面:(一)研究内容相对孤立。目前的研究将港区各系统作为单独的研究对象,虽然在各方面取得了不同的研究成果,但忽视了其内在联系;(二)研究手段相对单一。大多数研究是从管理科学角度展开,这些研究首先假设其不变的流动方式,然后在此基础上进行管理方法上的优化,上述研究方法忽视了集装箱交通流本身所具有的自然流动属性,因而不能完全反映出集装箱最佳的流动状态。
本文研究内容及手段与以往相关研究具有较大差别。将集装箱港区堆场-道路作为整体系统进行研究,认为堆场与道路布置之间存在内在联系,堆场与道路系统的协调性对于集装箱港区的畅通与否至关重要。而这一点正是目前研究领域的空白,在我国港口工程技术规范中尚未有明确的条文规定。
本研究选用类热力学熵及流体力学原理对集装箱堆场-道路系统进行关联性分析,这是本课题的创新点之一。注意到港区道路中集装箱交通流与流体的相似性,本文提出了采用经典流体力学原理模拟、研究集装箱在道路中运动规律的想法,首先建立了港口集装箱交通流与流体力学概念体系的比照关系,进而运用流体力学中质量守恒、动量定理等原理,针对港区道路中的集装箱车流进行分析,并对不同流态进行判别,最终导出港内道路保持最大通行能力的最优长度表达式。在推导过程中采用了稠密车流线性化密度分布假设,并在此基础上利用几何原理解决了时空积分的困难。
本文引入熵原理对堆场系统的有序度进行了描述,选用Lotka-Volterra模型揭示堆场堆存率与闸口数量之间的非线性关系,并对此模型进行了稳定性分析,最终得到堆存率控制阈值。
本文通过闸口将集装箱港区的堆场与道路相连接,不仅符合实际港区的布置现状,而且将堆场与道路各项指标相关联,找到港区陆域布置的计算方法。同时,本研究运用国内大型集装箱港的数据进行了验证,得到较为满意的结果。
本文的结论为集装箱港区堆场-道路布置提供了理论上计算依据,对港口规划及生产运营具有指导意义和参考价值。
With its more advantages in the transportation process and the ever-increase on the goods suitable for container, the container port occupies an important position in the economic development of different countries around the world. Therefore, container throughput has been the most prime criteria evaluating the competitive competence of a harbor. However, there are, at present, some universal problems concerning about the ports of container, such as over-loaded traffic flow, the heavy port blocking, both of which mainly resulted from the inappropriate planning about collecting and distributing system of port area involved, many vessels waiting in line, as well as the problem of transportation of goods that affects the increasing of the throughput of a port. On the other hand, lots of well-known container harbors home or abroad locate mostly along the developed coastal areas where an inch of land is worth an inch of gold, the land resources are more than precious. Hence, it is of urgent question about how to make the port traffic going smoothly, guaranteeing the port capacity on the basis of rational utilization of land resources.
Up to now, the study on traffic flow lie in its primary stages, which are accordingly divided into two aspects as follows: 1. Relative isolation of research content. Although various of results achieved from different perspectives, the current researchers still limit their study in a single way regardless of its inner connections. 2. Unvaried study method. Many scholars expanded the subject from the view of management science, according to which, the flow mode was firstly assumed to be stable, and the optimization of this method will be going next. This kind of method, despised of the natural flow attributes for traffic flow, thus can not completely give the way to the perfect state of containers.
This paper differs from the former researches in terms of content and method related. Putting into study the yard and road system of containers as a whole will be the prominent feature, especially the blank of this field, because it takes for granted that there is an interior relationship between yard and arrangement of container port area and the importance of coordinativity between the both above as well, which so far has not yet found any records in the engineering and technology regulations.
This thesis, with its marked innovation of this subject, tends to apply the principles of entropy and hydrodynamics to the relevant analysis on the yard-road system. It firstly puts forward the relevant relationship between traffic flow and conceptual system of hydrodynamics in terms of the theory of classical hydrodynamics stimulation and study; secondly, employed by the law of conservation and momentum theory, it further carries out an analysis on the flow and the discrimination from varied fluid, which consequently leads to the optimal length expression that maintains the maximum capacity on the port road. This paper also adopts the dense traffic flow density distribution assumption, which paves the way for the problem of space integral through the application of geometric principle.
This thesis, on one hand, introduces the entropy theory to the description of the order degree of yard system, on the other hand, uncovers the non-linearity relationship between the piling rate and the quantities of gates in the container yards by use of the model from Lotka-Volterra to get eventually the threshold value of the piling rate.
The way that connecting both the yard and the road in container port area through the gate can not only correspond with the current arrangement of the area but associate with every index related to yard and road, hence, discovering the calculation method for the arrangement of the container port area is very useful and important. At the same time, the gratifying results were gained through large amount of data testified in container ports of Qingdao.
Lastly, the conclusion of this paper supplies the yard-road system in container port areas with the theoretical-based calculation as well as the guiding significances or the reference to the planning and operation of port in the future.
目前,国内外对于港口交通流方面的研究尚处于初步发展阶段,具体体现在两个方面:(一)研究内容相对孤立。目前的研究将港区各系统作为单独的研究对象,虽然在各方面取得了不同的研究成果,但忽视了其内在联系;(二)研究手段相对单一。大多数研究是从管理科学角度展开,这些研究首先假设其不变的流动方式,然后在此基础上进行管理方法上的优化,上述研究方法忽视了集装箱交通流本身所具有的自然流动属性,因而不能完全反映出集装箱最佳的流动状态。
本文研究内容及手段与以往相关研究具有较大差别。将集装箱港区堆场-道路作为整体系统进行研究,认为堆场与道路布置之间存在内在联系,堆场与道路系统的协调性对于集装箱港区的畅通与否至关重要。而这一点正是目前研究领域的空白,在我国港口工程技术规范中尚未有明确的条文规定。
本研究选用类热力学熵及流体力学原理对集装箱堆场-道路系统进行关联性分析,这是本课题的创新点之一。注意到港区道路中集装箱交通流与流体的相似性,本文提出了采用经典流体力学原理模拟、研究集装箱在道路中运动规律的想法,首先建立了港口集装箱交通流与流体力学概念体系的比照关系,进而运用流体力学中质量守恒、动量定理等原理,针对港区道路中的集装箱车流进行分析,并对不同流态进行判别,最终导出港内道路保持最大通行能力的最优长度表达式。在推导过程中采用了稠密车流线性化密度分布假设,并在此基础上利用几何原理解决了时空积分的困难。
本文引入熵原理对堆场系统的有序度进行了描述,选用Lotka-Volterra模型揭示堆场堆存率与闸口数量之间的非线性关系,并对此模型进行了稳定性分析,最终得到堆存率控制阈值。
本文通过闸口将集装箱港区的堆场与道路相连接,不仅符合实际港区的布置现状,而且将堆场与道路各项指标相关联,找到港区陆域布置的计算方法。同时,本研究运用国内大型集装箱港的数据进行了验证,得到较为满意的结果。
本文的结论为集装箱港区堆场-道路布置提供了理论上计算依据,对港口规划及生产运营具有指导意义和参考价值。
With its more advantages in the transportation process and the ever-increase on the goods suitable for container, the container port occupies an important position in the economic development of different countries around the world. Therefore, container throughput has been the most prime criteria evaluating the competitive competence of a harbor. However, there are, at present, some universal problems concerning about the ports of container, such as over-loaded traffic flow, the heavy port blocking, both of which mainly resulted from the inappropriate planning about collecting and distributing system of port area involved, many vessels waiting in line, as well as the problem of transportation of goods that affects the increasing of the throughput of a port. On the other hand, lots of well-known container harbors home or abroad locate mostly along the developed coastal areas where an inch of land is worth an inch of gold, the land resources are more than precious. Hence, it is of urgent question about how to make the port traffic going smoothly, guaranteeing the port capacity on the basis of rational utilization of land resources.
Up to now, the study on traffic flow lie in its primary stages, which are accordingly divided into two aspects as follows: 1. Relative isolation of research content. Although various of results achieved from different perspectives, the current researchers still limit their study in a single way regardless of its inner connections. 2. Unvaried study method. Many scholars expanded the subject from the view of management science, according to which, the flow mode was firstly assumed to be stable, and the optimization of this method will be going next. This kind of method, despised of the natural flow attributes for traffic flow, thus can not completely give the way to the perfect state of containers.
This paper differs from the former researches in terms of content and method related. Putting into study the yard and road system of containers as a whole will be the prominent feature, especially the blank of this field, because it takes for granted that there is an interior relationship between yard and arrangement of container port area and the importance of coordinativity between the both above as well, which so far has not yet found any records in the engineering and technology regulations.
This thesis, with its marked innovation of this subject, tends to apply the principles of entropy and hydrodynamics to the relevant analysis on the yard-road system. It firstly puts forward the relevant relationship between traffic flow and conceptual system of hydrodynamics in terms of the theory of classical hydrodynamics stimulation and study; secondly, employed by the law of conservation and momentum theory, it further carries out an analysis on the flow and the discrimination from varied fluid, which consequently leads to the optimal length expression that maintains the maximum capacity on the port road. This paper also adopts the dense traffic flow density distribution assumption, which paves the way for the problem of space integral through the application of geometric principle.
This thesis, on one hand, introduces the entropy theory to the description of the order degree of yard system, on the other hand, uncovers the non-linearity relationship between the piling rate and the quantities of gates in the container yards by use of the model from Lotka-Volterra to get eventually the threshold value of the piling rate.
The way that connecting both the yard and the road in container port area through the gate can not only correspond with the current arrangement of the area but associate with every index related to yard and road, hence, discovering the calculation method for the arrangement of the container port area is very useful and important. At the same time, the gratifying results were gained through large amount of data testified in container ports of Qingdao.
Lastly, the conclusion of this paper supplies the yard-road system in container port areas with the theoretical-based calculation as well as the guiding significances or the reference to the planning and operation of port in the future.
引文
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