大亚湾大辣甲南人工鱼礁区的生态效应分析
|
摘要
为了修复大亚湾海域的生态环境和增殖渔业资源,2002年12月-2004年8月,广东省海洋与渔业局在大亚湾大辣甲岛南面6.8km~2海域内,分两期投放了1829个钢筋混凝土礁体,总空方为60178m~3。本文根据投礁前(2002年11月)和投礁后(2004年7月、2005年8月、2006年11月)对大辣甲南人工鱼礁海域综合调查的结果,首次将生态系统健康评价和生态系统服务功能价值评估的理论和方法应用于人工鱼礁的综合效应分析。结果表明:
1)投礁后,礁区内海水的COD、DIN和PO_4~(3-)-P含量均比投礁前高,COD比投礁前增加了73-149%,DIN比投礁前增加了172-224%,PO_4~(3-)-比投礁前增加了14-129%,悬浮物含量降低。采样站点各项指标均达到第一类海水水质标准,表明投放人工鱼礁可以调节海水水质。N/P比上升幅度明显(投礁前为16.29,投礁后介于39.63-116.17之间),且显著大于Redfield比,浮游植物生长受P限制突出。水体的富营养化趋势仍在继续,但由于受到磷限制,总体上还处于潜在性富营养化阶段。
2)礁区表层沉积物为粘土质粉砂和砂质粉砂。投礁后,礁区内表层沉积物的pH值和Hg含量降低,有机质、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd的含量都有一定程度增加,并高于对照点。2004年7月,有一站位的铅含量超过第一类沉积物质量标准(超标0.78倍);2006年11月,有机质(超标率50%)和一个站位的铅(超标0.52倍)含量略超过第一类沉积物质量标准。Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Hg的潜在生态危害程度极轻微。
3)浮游植物种类和密度组成均以硅藻为主。投礁后,礁区内浮游植物的细胞密度逐年递增,但增幅不大(441.05×10~4-711.1×10~4 cell/m~3),礁区内浮游植物的细胞密度与同期对照点差异不大。优势种全为硅藻,优势种组成变化明显,群落结构年际变化大。礁区内的叶绿素a含量以投礁前最高,初级生产力以2004年7月最高,表层略高于底层。
4)投礁后,礁区内浮游动物的种类和生物量逐年递增,密度明显高于投礁前,礁区内浮游动物的密度和生物量高于同期对照点,浮游动物优势种更替频繁,群落结构不稳定。2005年8月,礁区内浮游动物的密度(1260.2 ind./m~3)超过了大亚湾海域浮游动物密度的历史较高水平(1013.4 ind./m~3),但生物量较低(154.2 mg/m~3),低于历史较高水平(472.8 mg/m~3),浮游动物小型化现象严重。
5)投礁后,礁区内鱼类浮游生物的种类和数量均比投礁前多,且多于同期对照点,2006年11月鲷科鱼类鱼卵占60.89%,人工鱼礁对仔稚鱼的庇护效果明显。
6)底栖动物的主要类群为软体动物、甲壳动物和环节动物,以热带、亚热带暖水种和近岸广布种为主。投礁2-3年后,礁区内底栖生物的栖息密度和生物量比投礁前有了大幅增加,并高于同期对照点,人工鱼礁对底栖动物的增殖效果较明显。
7)投礁后,礁区内虾拖网渔获种类比投礁前增加了64-91%,资源密度比投礁前增加了12.13-21.22倍;流刺网渔获种类比投礁前增加了13.33-46.67%,渔获率比投礁前增加了36.96-70.80倍。礁区内的渔获种类、资源密度和渔获率均高于同期对照点。主要优势种的资源密度和渔获率明显增加,人工鱼礁资源养护效果明显。
8)大亚湾大辣甲南人工鱼礁生态系统健康状况保持良好,随着投礁时间的推移,人工鱼礁生态系统的健康状况有望得到进一步改善。
9)大亚湾大辣甲南人工鱼礁生态系统服务功能总价值为2.03亿元,单位面积服务价值为99.69万元/km~2-a。投资回收期为2年。30年寿命期内产生的净效益为1.90亿元,投入产出比为1:15.6。
In order to rehabilitate the ecological environment and increase fisheries resources of Day Bay, Guangdong Ocean and Fisheries Administration has deployed 1829 reinforced steel-concrete hollow reefs in Daya Bay during the period of December 2002-August 2004. All modular reefs were cast in two batches within an area of 6.8 km~2 in the southern part of Dalajia Island, with a total volume of 60178m~3.
Four comprehensive surveys in the reef area were made including one cruise prior to casting reef (November 2002) and other three cruises post-cast in July 2004, August 2005 and November 2006. The ecological effects of artificial reefs were analyzed ecosystem-based using ecosystem health evaluation and ecosystem services valuation, through characterization of shifts in nutrients and the main biota of the area. The results showed that:
1) Following deployment of the artificial reefs, concentration of COD, DIN, andPO_4~(3-) -P in the reef area were higher than those pre-deployment of reef, COD, DIN andactive phosphate increased by 73-149%, 172-224% and 14-129% respectively. Suspended solids concentrations were reduced. These indicators for all sites reach the first category water quality standards of China. Hence, artificial reefs appear to improve water quality. The N:P ratio before reef placement approximated Redfield (16.29) indicating no P limitation, while N/P ratio significantly increased and substantially greater than the Redfield ratio after reef placement (ranged from 39.63 to 116.17) suggesting P-limitation. Consequently, growth of phytoplankton was limited prominently by phosphorous. With these increases, potential eutrophic conditions still prevailed.
2) Surface sediments of reef areas were principally clay-silt and sandy-silt. Following reef deployment, pH and Hg content in surface sediments of the reef area decreased, while contents of organic matter, Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd increased to some degree, withmeans appearing higher than those of control site. In July 2004, lead content of a station was a little more than the first category sediment quality standards of China (levels exceeded standards by 78 percent). In November 2006, organic matter content of three stations and Lead content of one station (exceeded standards by 0.52-fold) were slightly more than China's first category sediment quality standards. Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd and Hg in surface sediment were so minimal that potential ecological risks of these elements were low.
3) The species and density of phytoplankton in the reef area were mainly diatoms as all dominant species belonged to Bacillariophyta. Seasonal changes in dominant species were obvious. Additionally, an inter-annual variation in phytoplankton community structure was evident. After reef deployment, densities of phytoplankton slightly increased year after year (ranged from 441.05×10~4 cell/m~3 to 711.1×10~4cell/m~3). There was little difference in phytoplankton densities between reef areas and control site during the survey period. The maximum concentration of chlorophyll a in the reef area was noted prior to artificial reef casts. However, maximum primary productivity after reef deployment occurred in July 2004, with slightly higher in the surface layer than that of bottom layer.
4) The post-deployment period was also typified by an increased in species and biomass of zooplankton in the reef area year by year. Densities of zooplankton were significantly higher than before the reefs were deployed, and densities and biomass of zooplankton were higher in the reef area than noted at the control site. The dominant species of zooplankton were quite variable, with no consistent community structure pattern for the zooplankton. In August 2005, the density of zooplankton in the reef area (1260.2 ind/m~3) exceeded a relatively high historical level (1013.4 ind/m~3 in 2004), but biomass (154.2 mg/m~3) was lower than historical levels (472.8 mg/m~3 in 2004). This shift reflected a switch to dominance of small-sized zooplankton.
5) Following reef deployment, species and quantities of ichthyoplankton in the reef area exceeded those noted prior to deployment. Further, there were more species and numbers of ichthyoplankton in the reef area than in the control site during the same period. Fish eggs of family Sparidae, the main taxon accounted for 60.9% of the total fish eggs found in November 2006. We concluded that artificial reefs have an apparent protective performance on fish eggs and larval and juvenile fish.
6) The main groups of benthic invertebrates in the reef area were molluscs, crustaceans and annelids, most of which belong to tropical and subtropical warm water species and inshore widely distributed species. 2-3 years after reef deployment, the biomass and densities of macrobenthos in the reef area had substantially increased compared to pre-deployment levels, and levels at the reef areas were higher than observed at the control site. Hence, proliferation performances of artificial reefs on zoobenthos are obvious.
7) Nekton species increased by 64-91% and densities increased by 12.13-21.22 fold in the reef area surveyed by trawl net. Nekton species increased by 13.33-46.67% and catch rates increased by 36.96-70.80 fold in the reef area investigated by gill-net. Species, resource densities and catch rates within reef area were higher than those of the control site. The densities and catch rates of the dominant species markedly increased. Hence, artificial reefs played an important role in resource conservation.
8) The southern Dalajia Island artificial reef ecosystem remained healthy throughout the survey period. With increasing time, it is anticipated that ecosystem health, through the parameters described above, will be further improved.
9) The southern Dalajia Island artificial reef ecosystem services are valued at 203 million yuan RMB, the services value per unit area was estimated at 996,900 yuan RMB km~(-2).a~(-1). The initial investment of 13 million yuan RMB should be recovered in 2 years. Net benefit for a 30-year life span is 190 million yuan RMB, a ratio of input to output is 1:15.6.
1)投礁后,礁区内海水的COD、DIN和PO_4~(3-)-P含量均比投礁前高,COD比投礁前增加了73-149%,DIN比投礁前增加了172-224%,PO_4~(3-)-比投礁前增加了14-129%,悬浮物含量降低。采样站点各项指标均达到第一类海水水质标准,表明投放人工鱼礁可以调节海水水质。N/P比上升幅度明显(投礁前为16.29,投礁后介于39.63-116.17之间),且显著大于Redfield比,浮游植物生长受P限制突出。水体的富营养化趋势仍在继续,但由于受到磷限制,总体上还处于潜在性富营养化阶段。
2)礁区表层沉积物为粘土质粉砂和砂质粉砂。投礁后,礁区内表层沉积物的pH值和Hg含量降低,有机质、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd的含量都有一定程度增加,并高于对照点。2004年7月,有一站位的铅含量超过第一类沉积物质量标准(超标0.78倍);2006年11月,有机质(超标率50%)和一个站位的铅(超标0.52倍)含量略超过第一类沉积物质量标准。Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Hg的潜在生态危害程度极轻微。
3)浮游植物种类和密度组成均以硅藻为主。投礁后,礁区内浮游植物的细胞密度逐年递增,但增幅不大(441.05×10~4-711.1×10~4 cell/m~3),礁区内浮游植物的细胞密度与同期对照点差异不大。优势种全为硅藻,优势种组成变化明显,群落结构年际变化大。礁区内的叶绿素a含量以投礁前最高,初级生产力以2004年7月最高,表层略高于底层。
4)投礁后,礁区内浮游动物的种类和生物量逐年递增,密度明显高于投礁前,礁区内浮游动物的密度和生物量高于同期对照点,浮游动物优势种更替频繁,群落结构不稳定。2005年8月,礁区内浮游动物的密度(1260.2 ind./m~3)超过了大亚湾海域浮游动物密度的历史较高水平(1013.4 ind./m~3),但生物量较低(154.2 mg/m~3),低于历史较高水平(472.8 mg/m~3),浮游动物小型化现象严重。
5)投礁后,礁区内鱼类浮游生物的种类和数量均比投礁前多,且多于同期对照点,2006年11月鲷科鱼类鱼卵占60.89%,人工鱼礁对仔稚鱼的庇护效果明显。
6)底栖动物的主要类群为软体动物、甲壳动物和环节动物,以热带、亚热带暖水种和近岸广布种为主。投礁2-3年后,礁区内底栖生物的栖息密度和生物量比投礁前有了大幅增加,并高于同期对照点,人工鱼礁对底栖动物的增殖效果较明显。
7)投礁后,礁区内虾拖网渔获种类比投礁前增加了64-91%,资源密度比投礁前增加了12.13-21.22倍;流刺网渔获种类比投礁前增加了13.33-46.67%,渔获率比投礁前增加了36.96-70.80倍。礁区内的渔获种类、资源密度和渔获率均高于同期对照点。主要优势种的资源密度和渔获率明显增加,人工鱼礁资源养护效果明显。
8)大亚湾大辣甲南人工鱼礁生态系统健康状况保持良好,随着投礁时间的推移,人工鱼礁生态系统的健康状况有望得到进一步改善。
9)大亚湾大辣甲南人工鱼礁生态系统服务功能总价值为2.03亿元,单位面积服务价值为99.69万元/km~2-a。投资回收期为2年。30年寿命期内产生的净效益为1.90亿元,投入产出比为1:15.6。
In order to rehabilitate the ecological environment and increase fisheries resources of Day Bay, Guangdong Ocean and Fisheries Administration has deployed 1829 reinforced steel-concrete hollow reefs in Daya Bay during the period of December 2002-August 2004. All modular reefs were cast in two batches within an area of 6.8 km~2 in the southern part of Dalajia Island, with a total volume of 60178m~3.
Four comprehensive surveys in the reef area were made including one cruise prior to casting reef (November 2002) and other three cruises post-cast in July 2004, August 2005 and November 2006. The ecological effects of artificial reefs were analyzed ecosystem-based using ecosystem health evaluation and ecosystem services valuation, through characterization of shifts in nutrients and the main biota of the area. The results showed that:
1) Following deployment of the artificial reefs, concentration of COD, DIN, andPO_4~(3-) -P in the reef area were higher than those pre-deployment of reef, COD, DIN andactive phosphate increased by 73-149%, 172-224% and 14-129% respectively. Suspended solids concentrations were reduced. These indicators for all sites reach the first category water quality standards of China. Hence, artificial reefs appear to improve water quality. The N:P ratio before reef placement approximated Redfield (16.29) indicating no P limitation, while N/P ratio significantly increased and substantially greater than the Redfield ratio after reef placement (ranged from 39.63 to 116.17) suggesting P-limitation. Consequently, growth of phytoplankton was limited prominently by phosphorous. With these increases, potential eutrophic conditions still prevailed.
2) Surface sediments of reef areas were principally clay-silt and sandy-silt. Following reef deployment, pH and Hg content in surface sediments of the reef area decreased, while contents of organic matter, Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd increased to some degree, withmeans appearing higher than those of control site. In July 2004, lead content of a station was a little more than the first category sediment quality standards of China (levels exceeded standards by 78 percent). In November 2006, organic matter content of three stations and Lead content of one station (exceeded standards by 0.52-fold) were slightly more than China's first category sediment quality standards. Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd and Hg in surface sediment were so minimal that potential ecological risks of these elements were low.
3) The species and density of phytoplankton in the reef area were mainly diatoms as all dominant species belonged to Bacillariophyta. Seasonal changes in dominant species were obvious. Additionally, an inter-annual variation in phytoplankton community structure was evident. After reef deployment, densities of phytoplankton slightly increased year after year (ranged from 441.05×10~4 cell/m~3 to 711.1×10~4cell/m~3). There was little difference in phytoplankton densities between reef areas and control site during the survey period. The maximum concentration of chlorophyll a in the reef area was noted prior to artificial reef casts. However, maximum primary productivity after reef deployment occurred in July 2004, with slightly higher in the surface layer than that of bottom layer.
4) The post-deployment period was also typified by an increased in species and biomass of zooplankton in the reef area year by year. Densities of zooplankton were significantly higher than before the reefs were deployed, and densities and biomass of zooplankton were higher in the reef area than noted at the control site. The dominant species of zooplankton were quite variable, with no consistent community structure pattern for the zooplankton. In August 2005, the density of zooplankton in the reef area (1260.2 ind/m~3) exceeded a relatively high historical level (1013.4 ind/m~3 in 2004), but biomass (154.2 mg/m~3) was lower than historical levels (472.8 mg/m~3 in 2004). This shift reflected a switch to dominance of small-sized zooplankton.
5) Following reef deployment, species and quantities of ichthyoplankton in the reef area exceeded those noted prior to deployment. Further, there were more species and numbers of ichthyoplankton in the reef area than in the control site during the same period. Fish eggs of family Sparidae, the main taxon accounted for 60.9% of the total fish eggs found in November 2006. We concluded that artificial reefs have an apparent protective performance on fish eggs and larval and juvenile fish.
6) The main groups of benthic invertebrates in the reef area were molluscs, crustaceans and annelids, most of which belong to tropical and subtropical warm water species and inshore widely distributed species. 2-3 years after reef deployment, the biomass and densities of macrobenthos in the reef area had substantially increased compared to pre-deployment levels, and levels at the reef areas were higher than observed at the control site. Hence, proliferation performances of artificial reefs on zoobenthos are obvious.
7) Nekton species increased by 64-91% and densities increased by 12.13-21.22 fold in the reef area surveyed by trawl net. Nekton species increased by 13.33-46.67% and catch rates increased by 36.96-70.80 fold in the reef area investigated by gill-net. Species, resource densities and catch rates within reef area were higher than those of the control site. The densities and catch rates of the dominant species markedly increased. Hence, artificial reefs played an important role in resource conservation.
8) The southern Dalajia Island artificial reef ecosystem remained healthy throughout the survey period. With increasing time, it is anticipated that ecosystem health, through the parameters described above, will be further improved.
9) The southern Dalajia Island artificial reef ecosystem services are valued at 203 million yuan RMB, the services value per unit area was estimated at 996,900 yuan RMB km~(-2).a~(-1). The initial investment of 13 million yuan RMB should be recovered in 2 years. Net benefit for a 30-year life span is 190 million yuan RMB, a ratio of input to output is 1:15.6.
引文
[1]Abelson A,Denny M.Settlement of marine organisms in flow [J].Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics,1997,28:317-339.
[2]Aebischer N J,Coulson J C,Colebrook J M.Parallel long-term trends across four marine trophic levels and weather[J].Nature,1990,347:753-755.
[3]Aleksandrov B G,Minicheva G G,Strikalenko T V.Ecological Aspects of Artificial Reef Construction Using Scrap Tires [J].Russian Journal of Marine Biology,2002,28 (2):120～126.
[4]Alldredge A L,Elias M,Gotschalk C C.Effects of Drilling Muds and Mud Additives on the Primary Production of Natural Assemblages of Marine Phytoplankton [J].Marine Environmental Research,1986,19:157～176.
[5]Ambrose R F.Mitigating the effects of a coastal power plant on a kelp forest community:rationale and requirements for an artificial reef [J].Bulletin of Marine Science,1994,55 (2/3):694～708.
[6]Ambrose R F,Anderson T W.Influence of an artificial reef on the surrounding infaunal community [J].Marine Biology,1990,107:41～52.
[7]Ambrose R F,Swarbrick S L.Comparison of fish assemblages on artificial and natural reefs of the coast of southern California [J].Bulletin of Marine Science,1989,44:718～733.
[8]Anderson T W,De Martini E E,Roberts D A.The relationship between habitat structures,body size and distribution of fishes at a temperate artificial reef [J].Bulletin of Marine Science,1989,44:681～697.
[9]Anderson M J,Underwood A J.Effects of substratum on the recruitment and development of an intertidal estuarine fouling assemblage [J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,1994,184:217～236.
[10]Antsulevich A E.Artificial reefs project for improvement of water quality and environmental enhancement of Neva Bay (St.Petersburg County Region)[J].Bulletin of Marine Science,1994,55 (2):1191～1194.
[11]Ardizzone G D,Gravina M F,Belluscio A.Temporal development of epibenthic communities on artificial reefs in the central Mediterranean Sea [J]. Bulletin of Marine Science, 1989,44 : 592-608.
[12]Arena P T, Jordan L K B, Spieler R E. Fish assemblages on sunken vessels and natural reefs in southeast Florida, USA [J]. Hydrobiologia, 2007, 580 : 157-171.
[13]Bacchiocchi F, Airoldi L. Distribution and dynamics of epibiota on hard structures for coastal protection [J]. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2003, 56 : 1157-1166.
[14]Bailey K M, Yen J. Predation by a carnivorous marine copepod, Euchaeta elongate Esterly, on eggs and larvae of the Pacific hake, Merlucetus productus [J]. Journal of Plankton Research, 1983, 5 : 71-82.
[15]Baine M. Artificial reefs: a review of their design, application, management and performance [J]. Ocean & Coastal Management, 2001, 44 :241-259.
[16]Baine M, Side J. Habitat modification and manipulation as a management tool [J]. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 2003, 13 :187-199.
[17]Balod M, Purina I, Bechemin C, et al. Effects of nutrient enrichment on the growth rates and community structure of summer phytoplankton from the Gulf of Riga, Baltic Sea [J]. Journal of Plankton Research, 1998, 20 (12): 2251-2271.
[18]Barber J S, Chosid D M, Glenn R P, et al. A systematic model for artificial reef site selection [J]. New Zealand Journal of Marine & Freshwater Research, 2009, 43 : 283-297.
[19]Barnthouse L W. Impacts of power-plant cooling systems on estuarine fish populations: the Hudson River after 25 years [J]. Environmental Science & Policy, 2000, 3 : S341-S348.
[20]Batten S D, Allen R J S, Wotton C O M. The Effects of the Sea Empress Oil Spill on the Plankton of the Southern Irish Sea [J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 1998, 36 (10): 764-774.
[21]Beaumont N J, Austen M C, Atkins J P, et al. Identification, definition and quantification of goods and services provided by marine biodiversity: Implications for the ecosystem approach [J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2007, 54 : 253-265.
[22]Beets J, Hixon M A. Distribution, persistence and growth of Groupers (Pisces:serranidae)on artificial and natural patch reefs in the Virgin Islands [J].Bulletin of Marine Science,1994,55 (2/3):470～483.
[23]Blaxter J H S.The enhancement of marine fish stocks [J].Advance in Marine Biology,2000,38:1～54.
[24]Boaventura D,Moura A,Francisco L,et al.Macrobenthic colonisation of artificial reefs on the southern coast of Portugal (Ancao,Algarve)[J].Hydrobiologia,2006,555:335～343.
[25]Boesch D F.Measuring the health of the Chesapeake Bay:toward integration and prediction [J].Environmental Research (Section A),2000,82:134～142.
[26]Bohnsack J A.,Sutherland D L.Artificial reef research:a review with recommendations for future priorities [J].Bulletin of Marine Science,1985,37:11～39.
[27]Bohnsack J A.Are high densities of fishes at artificial reefs the result of habitat limitation or behavioural preference [J]? Bulletin of Marine Science,1989,44:631-645.
[28]Bohnsack J A,Harper D E,McClellan D B,et al.Effects of reef size on colonization and assemblage structure of fishes at artificial reefs of southeastern Florida,U.S.A [J].Bulletin of Marine Science,1994,55:796～823.
[29]Bombace G.Artificial Reefs in the Mediterranean Sea [J].Bulletin of Marine Science,1989,44(2),1023～1032.
[30]Bortone S A,Van Orman D.Factors controlling optimal biological productivity on artificial reefs [J].Bulletin of Marine Science,1985,37:396～402.
[31]Branden K L,Pollard D A,Reimers H A.A review of recent artificial reef developments in Australia [J].Bulletin of Marine Science,1994,55 (2/3):982～994.
[32]Bray R N,Miller A C.Planktivorous fishes:their potential as nutrient importers to artificial reefs [J].Bulletin of Marine Science,1985,37 (1):396～402.
[33]Brewer G D,Kleppel G S,Dempsey M.Apparent predation on ichthyoplankton by zooplankton and fishes in nearshore waters of Southern California [J].Marine Biology,1984,80 (1):17～28
[34]Brock R E.Beyond fisheries enhancement:artificial reefs and ecotourism [J].Bulletin of Marine Science,1994,55:1181～1188.
[35]Brotto D S,Araujo F G.Habitat selection by fish in an artificial reef in Ilha Grande Bay,Brazil [J].Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology,2001,44 (3):319～324.
[36]Burchmore J J,Pollard D A,Bell J D,et al.An ecological comparison of artificial and natural rocky reef fish communities in Botany Bay,New South Wales,Australia [J].Bulletin of Marine Science,1985,37:70～85.
[37]Cadee G C,Hegeman J.Primary production in the wadden sea [J].Netherlands Journal of Sea Research,1974,3 (2):240～259.
[38]Campos J A,Gamboa C.An artificial tile-reef in a tropical marine system:a management tool [J].Bulletin of Marine Science,1989,44 (2):757～766.
[39]Caperon J,Meyer J.Nitrogen-limited growth of marine phytoplankton I.Changes in population characteristics with steady-state growth rate [J].Deep-sea Research,1972,19:601～618.
[40]Carter J W,Jessee W N,Foster M S,et al.Management of artificial reefs designed to support natural communities [J].Bulletin of Marine Science,1985,37:114～128.
[41]Caselle J E,Love M S,Fusaro C,et al.Trash or habitat? Fish assemblages on offshore oilfield seafloor debris in the Santa Barbara Channel,California [J].ICES Journal of Marine Science,2002,59:S258～S265.
[42]Chalker-Scott L.Survival and sex ratios of the intertidal copepod,Tigriopus californicus,following ultraviolet-B (290-320nm)radiation exposure [J].Marine Biology,1995,123:799～804.
[43]Chang K H.Review of artificial reefs in Taiwan:emphasizing site selection and effectiveness [J].Bulletin of Marine Science,1985,37:143～150.
[44]Chittaro P M.Species-area relationships for coral reef fish assemblages of St.Croix,U.S.Virgin Islands [J].Marine Ecology Progress Series,2002,233:253～261.
[45]Chou L M.Artificial reefs of southeast Asia-Do they enhance or degrade the marine environment [J]? Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,1997,44: 45～52.
[46]Chua C Y Y,Chou L M.The use of artificial reefs in enhancing fish communities in Singapore [J].Hydrobiologia,1994,285:177-187.
[47]Clark S,Edwards A J.Use of artificial reef structures to rehabilitate reef flats degraded by coral mining in the Maldives [J].Bulletin of Marine Science,1994,55(2/3):724～744.
[48]Clarke K R,Warwick R M.Change in marine communities:an approach to statistical analysis and interpretation:2nd ed [M].Primper-E:Plymouth.2001.
[49]Clynick B G,Chapman M G,Underwood A J.Fish assemblages associated with urban structures and natural reefs in Sydney,Australia [J].Austral Ecology,2008,33:140～150.
[50]Coen L D,Luckenbach M W.Developing success criteria and goals for evaluating oyster reef restoration:ecological function or resource exploitation [J]? Ecological engineering,2000,15:323～343.
[51]Coll J,Moranta J,Renones O,et al.Influence of substrate and deployment time on fish assemblages on an artificial reef at Formentera Island (Balearic Islands,western Mediterranean)[J].Hydrobiologia,1998,385:139～152.
[52]Collins K J,Jensen A C,Mallinson J J,et al.Environmental impact assessment of a scrap tyre artificial reef [J].ICES Journal of Marine Science,2002,59:S243～S249.
[53]Connell S D,Jones G P.The influence of habitat complexity on postrecruitment processes in a temperate reef fish population [J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,1991,151:271～294.
[54]Costanza R,Arge R D,Groot R D,et al.The value of the world's ecosystem services and natural capital [J].Nature,1997,387:253～260.
[55]Cottingham K.L.Nutrients and zooplankton as multiple stressors of phytoplankton communities:Evidence from size structure [J].Liminology and Oceanography,1999,44:810～827.
[56]Daily G C,et al.Nature's service:societal dependence on natural ecosystem[M].Washington DC:island press.1997.
[57]Damkaer D M,Dey D B.UV damage and photoreactivation potentials of the larval shrimp,Pandalus platyceros,and adult euphausiids,Thysanoessa raschii [J].Oecologia,1983,60:169～175.
[58]D'Anna G,Badalamenti F,Gristina M,et al.Influence of artificial reefs on coastal nekton assemblages of the Gulf of Castellammare (Northwest Sicily)[J].Bulletin of Marine Science,1994,55:662～665.
[59]Davies R W D,Cripps S J,Nickson A,et al.Defining and estimating global marine fisheries bycatch[J].Marine Policy,2009,33:661-672.
[60]Davis N,Van Blaricom G R,Dayton P K.Man-made structures on marine sediments:effects on adjacent benthic communities [J].Marine Biology,1982,70:295～303.
[61]Dean L.Undersea oases made by man:artificial reefs create new fishing grounds [J].Oceans,1983,26:27～29.
[62]De Groot R S,Wilson M A,Boumans R M.A typology for the classification,description and valuation of ecosystem functions,goods and services [J].Ecological Economics,2002,41 (3):393～408.
[63]Dortch Q,Packard T T.Differences in biomass structure between oligotrophic and eutrophic marine ecosystems[J].Deep-Sea Research,1989,36(2A):223～240.
[64]Du J Z,Mu H D,Song H Q,et al.100 years of Sediment History of Heavy Metals in Daya Bay,China[J].Water Air Soil Pollution,2008,190:343-351.
[65]Duarte C M.Marine biodiversity and ecosystem services:an elusive link [J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,2000,250:117～131.
[66]Duzbasilar F O,Lok A,Ulas A,et al.Recent developments on artificial reef applications in Turkey:hydraulic experiments [J].Bulletin of Marine Science,2006,78:195～202.
[67]Eggleston D B,Lipcius R N,Miller D L,et al.Shelter scaling regulates survival of juvenile Caribbean spiny lobster,Panulirus argus [J].Marine Ecology Progress Series,1990,682:79～88.
[68]Falcao M,Santos M N,Vicente M,et al.Biogeochemical processes and nutrient cycling within an artificial reef off Southern Portugal [J].Marine Environmental Research,2007,63:429～444.
[69]FAO.The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture[R].Fisheries Department,Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations,Rome.2000.
[70]FAO Fisheries Department.The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture (SOFIA)2006[R].FAO,2007.
[71]Fitzhardinge R C,Bailey-Brock J H.Colonization of artificial reef materials by corals and other sessile organisms [J].Bulletin of Marine Science,1989,44:567～569.
[72]Fowler A J,Jensen A C,Collins K J,et al.Age structure and diel activity of pouting on the Poole Bay artificial reef [J].Journal of Fish Biology,1999,54:944～954.
[73]Frease R A,Windsor J G.Behaviour of selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons associated with stabilized oil and coal ash artificial reef [J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,1991,22:15～19.
[74]Freitas C E C,Petrere M.Influence of artificial reefs on fish assemblage of the Barra Bonita Reservoir (Sao Paulo,Brazil)[J].Lakes & Reservoirs:Research and Management 2001,6:273～278.
[75]Friedlander A,Beets J,Tobias W.Effects of fish aggregating device design and location on fishing success in the U.S.Virgin islands [J].Bulletin of Marine Science,1994,55:645～650.
[76]Fujita T,Kitagawa D,Okuyama Y,et al.Comparison of fish assemblages among an artificial reef,a natural reef and a sandy-mud bottom site on the shelf off Iwate,northern Japan [J].Environmental Biology of Fishes,1996,46:351-364.
[77]Gao Q F,Shin P K S,Xu W Z,et al.Amelioration of marine farming impact on the benthic environment using artificial reefs as biofilters [J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2008,57:652～661.
[78]Garcia S M,Newton C H.Responsible fisheries——overview of FAO policy developments (1945～1994)[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,1994,29:528～536.
[79]Garcia-Rubies A,Macpherson E.Substrate use and temporal pattern of recruitment in juvenile fishes of the Mediterranean littoral [J].Marine Biology,1995,124:35～42.
[80]Gelin A,Gravez V,Edgar G J.Assessment of Jessica oil spill impacts on intertidal invertebrate communities [J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2003,46:1377～1384.
[81]Gladfelter W B,Ogden J C,Gladfelter E H.Similarity and diversity among coral reef fish communities:a comparison between tropical western Atlantic (Virgin Islands)and tropical central Pacific (Marshall Islands)patch reefs[J].Ecology,1980,61:1156-1168.
[82]Godoy E A S,Almeida T C M,Zalmon I R.Fish assemblages and environmental variables on an artificial reef north of Rio de Janeiro,Brazil [J].ICES Journal of Marine Science,2002,59:138～143.
[83]Golan D,Diamant A.Fish colonization of an artificial reef in the Gulf of Elat,northern Red Sea [J].Environmental Biology of Fishes,1999,54:275～282.
[84]Gomez-Buckley M,Haroun R.Artificial reefs in the Spanish Coastal zone [J].Bulletin of Marine Science,1994,55 (2-3):1021-1028.
[85]Gordon W R.A role for comprehensive planning,geographical information system (GIS)technologies and program evaluation in aquatic habitat development [J].Bulletin of Marine Science,1994,55:995～1013.
[86]Gorham J C,Alevizon W S.Habitat complexity and the abundance of juvenile fishes residing on small-scale artificial reefs [J].Bulletin of Marine Science,1989,44:662～665.
[87]Gray J S.Animal-sediment relationships [J].Oceanography and Marine Biology:An Annual Review,1974,12:223～261.
[88]Gray J S,Clarke K R,Warwick R M,et al.Detection of initial effects of pollution on marine benthos:an example from the Ekofisk and Eldfisk oilfields,North Sea [J].Marine Ecology Progress Series,1990,66:285～299.
[89]Grove R S.Artificial reefs as a resource management option for siting coastal power stations in Southern California [J].Marine Fisheries Review,1982,44:24～27.
[90]Hakanson L.An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control:a sedimentological approach [J].Water Research,1980,14 (8):975～1001.
[91]Hallagraeff G M.A review of harmful algal blooms and their apparent global increase [J].Phycologia,1993,32:79～99.
[92]Han Q Y,Huang X P,Shi P,et al.Seagrass Bed Ecosystem Service Valuation—A Case Research on Hepu Seagrass Bed in Guangxi Province [J].Marine Science Bulletin,2008,10 (1):87～96.
[93]Hays G C,Richardson A J,Robinson C.Climate change and marine plankton [J].Trends in Ecology and Evolution,2005,20 (6):337～344.
[94]He P M,Xu S N,Zhang H Y,et al.Bioremediation efficiency in the removal of dissolved inorganic nutrients by the red seaweed,Porphyra yezoensis,cultivated in the open sea [J].Water Research,2008,42:1281～1289.
[95]Herrera R,Espino F,Garrido M,et al.Observations on fish colonization and predation on two artificial reefs in the Canary Islands [J].ICES Journal of Marine Science,2002,59:69～73.
[96]Holme N A,Mcintyre A D.Methods for the study of marine benthos [M].Oxford:Blackwell Science Publication,1984.
[97]Holmer M,Marba N,Terrados J,et al.Impacts of milkfish (Chanos chanos)aquaculture on carbon and nutrient fluxes in the Bolinao area,Philippines [J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2002,44:685～696.
[98]Holmlund C M,Hammer M.Ecosystem services generated by fish populations [J].Ecological Economics,1999,29:253～268.
[99]Horwood J,et al.Planktonic determination of variability and sustainability of fisheries [J].Journal of Plankton Research,2000,22:1419～1422.
[100]Jan R Q,Liu Y H,Chen C Y,et al.Effects of pile size of artificial reefs on the standing stocks of fishes [J].Fisheries Research,2003,63:327～337.
[101]Jeffrey S W,Humphrey G F.New spectrophotometric equations for determining chlorophylls a,b,c1 and c2 in higher plants,algae and natural phytoplankton [J].Biochemistry Physiology Pflanzen,1975,167:191 ～ 194.
[102]Jensen A C.European Artificial Reef Research[C].Proceedings of the first EARRN conference, March 1996 Ancona, Italy. Southampton Oceanography Centre, Southampton. 1997.
[103]Jensen A. Artificial reefs of Europe: perspective and future [J]. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 2002, 59 : S3-S13.
[104]Jordan L K B, Gilliam D S, Spieler R E. Reef fish assemblage structure affected by small-scale spacing and size variations of artificial patch reefs [J]. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 2005, 326 : 170-186.
[105]Justic D, Rabalais N N, Turner R E. Stoichiometric nutrient balance and origin of coastal eutrophication [J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 1995, 30(1): 41-46.
[106]Kaiser M J. The Louisiana artificial reef program [J]. Marine Policy, 2006, 30:605-623.
[107]Karanas J J, Worrest R C, Van Dyke H. Impact of UVB radiation on the fecundity of the copepod Acartia clausii [J]. Marine Biology, 1981, 65 : 125-133.
[108]Kennish R, Wilson K D P, Lo J, et al. Selecting sites for large-scale deployment of artificial reefs in Hong Kong: constraint mapping and prioritization techniques [J]. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 2002, 59 : S164-S170.
[109]Kim C G, Lee J W, Park J S. Artificial reef designs for Korean coastal waters [J]. Bulletin of Marine Science, 1994, 55: 858-886.
[110]Kingston P F. Long-term Environmental Impact of Oil Spills [J]. Spill Science & Technology Bulletin, 2002, 7(1-2): 53-61.
[111]Kouwenberg H M, Browman H I, Runge J A, et al. Biological weighting of ultraviolet (280-400nm) induced mortality in marine zooplankton and fish. Ⅱ. Calanus finmarchicus (Copepoda) eggs [J]. Marine Biology, 1999,134 : 285-293.
[112]Lam K K Y. Hydrography, nutrients and phytoplankton, with special reference to an hypoxic event at an experimental artificial reef at HoiHa Wan, Hongkong [J]. Asian Marine Biology, 1999, 16 : 35-64.
[113]Lam K K Y. Algal and sessile invertebrate recruitment onto an experimental artificial PFA-concrete reef in Hongkong [J]. Asian Marine Biology, 2000, 17 : 55-76.
[114]Lan C H, Chen C C, Hsui C Y. An approach to design spatial configuration of artificial reef ecosystem [J]. Ecological Engineering, 2004, 22 : 217-226.
[115]Lan C H,Hsui C Y.The deployment of artificial reef ecosystem:modelling,simulation and application [J].Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory,2006,14:663-675.
[116]Lancaster J E,Pawson M G,Pickett G D,et al.The Impact of the‘Sea Empress’Oil Spill on Seabass Recruitment [J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,1998,30 (9):677～688.
[117]Lee J W,Kang Y S.Variations of fish community and fish density on artificial reefs [J].Bulletin of Korean Fishries Society,1994,27 (5):535～548.
[118]Leitao F,Santos M N,Erzini K,et al.Fish assemblages and rapid colonization after enlargement of an artificial reef off the Algarve coast (Southern Portugal)[J].Marine Ecology,2008,1～14.
[119]Leitao F,Santos M N,Monteiro C C.Contribution of artificial reefs to the diet of the white sea bream (Diplodus sargus)[J].ICES Journal of Marine Science,2007,64:473～478.
[120]Lillelund K,Lasker R.Laboratory studies of predation by marine copepods on fish larvae [J].Fish Bulletin,1971,69 (3):655～667.
[121]Loh T L,Tanzil J T I,Chou L M.Preliminary study of community development and scleractinian recruitment on fibreglass artificial reef units in the sedimented waters of Singapore [J].Aquatic Conservation:Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems,2006,16:61～76.
[122]L(o|¨)k A,Gül B,Ulas A,et al.Diel Variations on the Fish Assemblages at Artificial Reefs in Two Different Environments of the Aegean Sea (Western Coast of Turkey)[J].Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,2008,8:79～85.
[123]Long E R,Macdonald D D,Smith S L,et al.Incidence of adverse biological effects within ranges of chemical concentrations in marine and estuarine sediments [J].Environmental Management,1995,19(1):81～97.
[124]Malakoff D.Extinction on the high seas [J].Science,1997,277:487～488.
[125]Malloy K D,Holman M A,Mitchell D,et al.Solar UVB induced DNA damage and photoenzymatic DNA repair in Antarctic zooplankton [J].Proceedings of the Natural Academy of Science USA,1997,94:1258～1263.
[126]Martin J H, Fitzwater S E. Iron deficiency limits phytoplankton growth in the north-east pacific subarctic [J]. Nature, 1988, 331 : 341-343.
[127]Martinez M L, Intralawan A, V(?)zquez G, et al. The coasts of our world: Ecological, economic and social importance [J]. Ecological Economics, 2007, 63: 254-272.
[128]Matthews D. Rigs as reefs: creating oases in an undersea desert [J]. Lamp, 1994, 76:27-30.
[129]McLachlan A, Cockcroft A C, Malan D E. Benthic faunal response to a high energy gradient [J]. Marine Ecology Progresss Series, 1984, 16 : 51-63.
[130]Metz S, Trefry J H. Trace metal considerations in experimental oil ash reefs [J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 1988, 19 : 633-636.
[131]Miao Z Q, Xie Y H. Effects of water-depth on hydrodynamic force of artificial reef [J]. Journal of Hydrodynamics (Series B), 2007, 19 (3): 372-377.
[132]Moberg F, Ronnback P. Ecosystem services of the tropical seascape: interactions, substitutions and restoration [J]. Ocean & Coastal Management, 2003, 46 : 27-46.
[133]Moreno I, Roca I, Ren(?)ones O, et al. Artificial reef program in Balearic waters (western Mediterranean) 1994[J]. Bulletin of Marine Science, 1994, 55(2/3) : 667-671.
[134]Morrisey D J, Howitt L, Underwood A J. Spatial variation in soft-sediment benthos [J]. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 1992, 81 : 197-204.
[135]Moschella P S, Abbiati M, Aberg P, et al. Low-crested coastal defence structures as artificial habitats for marine life: using ecological criteria in design [J]. Coastal Engineering, 2005, 52 : 1053-1071.
[136]Moura A, Boaventura D, Curdia J, et al. Effect of depth and reef structure on early macrobenthic communities of the Algarve artificial reefs (southern Portugal) [J]. Hydrobiologia, 2007, 580 : 173-180.
[137]Muller G. Index of geoaccumulation in sediments of the Rhine River [J]. Geojournal, 1969, 2 : 108-118.
[138]Myatt D O, Myatt E N, Figley W K. New Jersey Tire Reef Stability Study [J].Buletin of Marine Science,1989,44 (2):807～817.
[139]Nelson W G,Navratil P M,Savercool D M,et al.Short-term effects of stabilized oil ash reefs on the marine benthos [J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,1988,19:623～627.
[140]Ogawa S,Takeuchi R,Hattori H.An estimate for the optimum size of artificial reefs [J].Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Fisheries Oceanography,1977,30:39-45.
[141]Omar RMNR,Kean C E,Wagiman S,et al.Design and construction of artificial reefs in Malaysia [J].Bulletin of Marine Science,1994,55 (2/3):1050～1061.
[142]Parsons M L,Walsh W J,Settlemier C J,et al.A multivariate assessment of the coral ecosystem health of two embayments on the lee of the island of Hawaii [J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2008,56:1138～1149.
[143]Partridge B L,Pitcher T J.The sensory basis of fish schools:relative roles of lateral line and vision [J].Journal of Comparative Physiology,1980,135:315～325.
[144]Paul N A,Nys R.Promise and pitfalls of locally abundant seaweeds as biofilters for integrated aquaculture [J].Aquaculture,2008,281:49～55.
[145]Pearson T H,Rosenberg R.Macrobenthic succession in relation to organic enrichment and pollution of the marine environment [J].Oceanography and Marine Biology:An Annual Review,1978,16:229～311.
[146]Pendleton L H.Creating underwater value:the economic value of artificial reefs for recreational diving[R].The San Diego Oceans Foundation.2004.
[147]Perkol-Finkel S,Benayahu Y.Recruitment of benthic organisms onto a planned artificial reef:shifts in community structure one decade post-deployment [J].Marine Environmental Research,2005,59:79～99.
[148]Picken G B.The environmental implications of decommissioning North Sea oil and gas platforms [J].Marine Environment Management,1994,1 (18):73～76.
[149]Pickering H.Artificial reefs of bulk waste materials:a scientific and legal review of the suitability of using the cement stabilised by-products of coal-fired power stations [J]. Marine Policy, 1996,20 (6): 483-497.
[150]Pickering H, Whitmarsh D, Jensen A C. Artificial reefs as a tool to aid rehabilitation of coastal ecosystems: Investigating the potential [J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 1998, 37 : 505-514.
[151]Pielou E C. An introduction to mathematical ecology[M]. New York: Wiley-interscience, 1969, 1-286.
[152]Pitcher T J, Buchary E A, Hutton T. Forecasting the benefits of no-take human-made reefs using spatial ecosystem simulation [J]. ICES Journal of Marine Sciene,2002,59:S17-S26.
[153]Pollard D A. Artificial habitats for fisheries enhancement in the Australian region [J]. Marine Fisheries Review, 1989, 1 (4): 11-28.
[154]Poornima E H, Rajadurai M, Rao T S, et al. Impact of thermal discharge from a tropical coastal power plant on phytoplankton [J]. Journal of Thermal Biology, 2005, 30:307-316.
[155]Pope D L, Moslow T F, Wagner J B. Geological and technological assessment of artificial reef sites, Louisiana Outer Continental Shelf [J]. Ocean & Coastal Management, 1993, 20 : 121-145.
[156]Pratt J R. Artificial habitats and ecosystem restoration: managing for the future [J]. Bulletin of Marine Science, 1994, 55 : 268-275.
[157]Prins T C, Escaravage V, Smaal A C, et al. Functional and structural changes in the pelagic system induced by bivalve grazing in marine mesocosms [J].Water Science and Technology, 1995,32 (4): 183-185.
[158]Qian P Y, Rittschof D, Sreedhar B. Macrofouling in unidirectional flow: miniature pipes as experimental models for studying the interaction of flow and surface characteristics on the attachment of barnacle, bryozoan and polychaete larvae [J]. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 2000,207 :109-121.
[159]Ramos J, Santos M N, Whitmarsh D, et al. Stakeholder perceptions regarding the environmental and socio-economic impacts of the Algarve artificial reefs [J]. Hydrobiologia, 2007, 580 : 181-191.
[160]Randall J E.An analysis of the fish populations of artificial and natural reefs in the Virgin Islands [J].Carribean Journal of Science,1963,3:31～47.
[161]Rapport D J.What constitutes ecosystem health [J].Perspectives in Biology and Medicine,1989,33:120～132.
[162]Rapport D J,Bohm G,Buckingham D,et al.Ecosystem health:the concept,the ISEH,and the important tasks ahead [J].Ecosystem Health,1999,5:82～90.
[163]Redfield A C.The biological control of chemical factors in the environment [J].Journal of American Science,1958,46:205～221.
[164]Relini G,Moretti S.Artificial reef and Posidonia bed protection off Loano (western Ligurian Riviera)[J].FAO Fisheries Report,1986,357:104～108.
[165]Relini G,Orsi-Relini L.Artificial reefs in the Ligurian sea (Northwestern Mediterranean):aims and results [J].Bulletin of Marine Science,1989,44:743～751.
[166]Relini G,Relini M,Torchia G,et al.Ten years of censuses of fish fauna on the Loano artificial reef [J].ICES Journal of Marine Science,2002,59:S132～S137.
[167]Relini G,Relini M,Palandri G,et al.History,ecology and trends for artificial reefs of the Ligurian sea,Italy [J].Hydrobiologia,2007,580:193～217.
[168]Relini M,Torchia G,Relini G.Seasonal variation of fish assemblages in the Loano artificial reef (Ligurian Sea North-Western Mediterranean)[J].Bulletin of Marine Science,1994,55:401～417.
[169]Rhee G Y.Effects of N:P atomic ratios and nitrate limitation on algae growth,cell composition and nitrate uptake [J].Liminology and Oceanography,1978,23:10～25.
[170]Rilov G,Benayahu Y.Vertical artificial structures as an alternative habitat for coral reef fishes in disturbed environments [J].Marine Environmental Research,1998,45:431～451.
[171]Rilov G,Benayahu Y.Fish assemblage on natural versus vertical artificial reefs:the rehabilitation perspective [J].Marine Biology,2000,136:931～942.
[172]Rizzo W M.Nutrient exchanges between the water column and a subtidal benthic microalgal community [J].Estuaries,1990,13 (3):219～226.
[173]Robertson D R,Sheldon J M.Competitive interactions and the availability of sleeping sites for a diurnal coral reef fish [J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,1979,40:285～298.
[174]Robinson J E,Newell R C,Seiderer L J,et al.Impacts of aggregate dredging on sediment composition and associated benthic fauna at an offshore dredge site in the southern North Sea [J].Marine Environmental Research,2005,60:51～68.
[175]Rooker J R,Dokken Q R,Pattengill C V,et al.Fish assemblages on artificial and natural reefs in the Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary,USA [J].Coral Reefs,1997,16:83～92.
[176]Rounsefell G A.Ecological effects of offshore construction [J].Journal of Marine Science,1972,2(1):1～119.
[177]Rountree R A.Association of fishes with fish aggregation devices:effect of structure size on fish abundance [J].Buletin of Marine Science,1989,44:960～972.
[178]Rvetto G,Gaudy R,Pagano M.Influence of salinity on the distribution of Acartia tonsa [J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,1999,239 (1):33～45.
[179]Ryther J H.Photosynthesis and fish production in the sea [J].Science,1969,166:72～76.
[180]Saito H,Taguchi S.Influence of UVB radiation on hatching success of marine copepod Paracalanus Parvus [J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,2003,282:135～147.
[181]Sampaolo A,Relini G.Coal ash for artificial habitats in Italy [J].Bulletin of Marine Science,1994,55 (2-3):1277～1294.
[182]Santos M N,Monteiro C C.The Olhao artificial reef system (south Portugal):Fish assemblages and fishing yield [J].Fisheries Research,1997,30:33～41.
[183]Santos M N,Monteiro C C.Comparison of the catch and fishing yield from an artificial reef system and neighbouring areas off Faro (Algarve,south Portugal)[J].Fisheries Research,1998,39:55～65.
[184]Santos M N,Monteiro C C,Gaspar M B.Diurnal variations in the fish assemblage at an artificial reef [J].ICES Journal of Marine Science,2002,59:32～35.
[185]Santos M N,Monteiro C C,Lasserre G.Observations and trends on the intra-annual variation of the fish assemblages on two artificial reefs in Algarve coastal waters (Southern Portugal)[J].Scientia Marina,2005,69 (3):415～426.
[186]Santos M N,Monteiro C C.A fourteen-year overview of the fish assemblages and yield of the two oldest Algarve artificial reefs (southern Portugal)[J].Hydrobiologia,2007,580:225～231.
[187]Schaeffer D J,Cox D K.Establishing ecosystem threshold criteria [A].In:Costanza R,Norton B,Haskell B.Ecosystem health-New goals for environmental management[C].Washington DC:Island press.1992.
[188]Scheffer M,Carpenter S,Young B.Cascading effects of overfishing marine systems [J].Trends in Ecology and Evolution,2005,20 (11):579～581.
[189]Schroeder R E.Effects of patch size and isolation on coral reef fish recruitment [J].Bulletin of Marine Science,1987,41:441-451.
[190]SCOR-UNESCO.Monographs on oceanographic methodology[M].UNESCO,1966,69.
[191]Seaman W.What if everyone thought about reefs [J]? Fisheries,1997,22:4～5.
[192]Seaman W,Buckley R M,Polovina J J.Advances in knowledge and priorities for research,technology and management related to artificial aquatic habitats [J].Bulletin of Marine Science,1989,44:527～532.
[193]Seaman W,Lindberg W J,Gilbert C R,et al.Fish habitat provided by obsolete petroleum platforms off southern Florida [J].Bulletin of Marine Science,1989,44:1014～1022.
[194]Seaman W.Coastal artificial habitats for fishery and environmental management and scientific advancement[A].In:Tsukamoto K,Kawamura T,Takeuchi T,et al.eds.Fisheries for global welfare and environment[C],5~(th)World Fisheries Congress,2008,335～349.
[195]Shannon C E,Wiener W.The mathematical theory of communication[M].Illinios University Press,Urbana,Illinios,1963,1～125.
[196]Sheehy D J.Fisheries development:Japan [J].Water Spectrum,1979, 12(1):1~9.
[197]Sherman R L,Gillian D S,Spieler R E.Artificial reef design:void space,complexity,and attractants [J].Journal of Marine Science,2002,59:196～200.
[198]Shieh C S,Duedall I W.Chemical behavior of stabilized oil ash reef at sea [J].Bulletin of Marine Science,1994,55:1295～1302.
[199]Solonsky A C.Fish colonization and the effect of fishing activities on two artificial reefs in Monterey Bay,California [J].Bulletin of Marine Science,1985,37:336～347.
[200]Souter D.Overexploitation of fisheries—a global problem[N].Global International Waters Assessment Newsletter.2002.
[201]Spanier E.What are the characteristics of a good artificial reef for lobsters [J]? Crustaceana,1994,67 (2):173～186.
[202]Spanier E,Tom M,Pisanty S,et al.Artificial habitat for fisheries in the south-eastern Mediterranean:a model for low productive marine environments [J].Bulletin of Marine Science,1989,44 (2):1070.
[203]Stephens J,Pondela D.Larval productivity of a mature artificial reef:the ichthyoplankton of King Harbor,California [J].ICES Journal of Marine Science,2002,59:S51～S58.
[204]Stobutzki I C,Silvestre G T,Talib A A,et al.Decline of demersal coastal fisheries resources in three developing Asian countries [J].Fisheries Research,2006,78:130～142.
[205]Stone R B.Artificial reefs and fishery management [J].Fisheries,1978,3:2～4.
[206]Su D T,Liu T L,Ou C H.Numerical investigation into effects of seabed topography on flows in and around artificial reefs [J].Fisheries Science,2008,74:236～254.
[207]Sutton S G,Bushnell S L.Socio-economic aspects of artificial reefs:Considerations for the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park [J].Ocean & Coastal Management,2007,50:829～846.
[208]Svane I B,Petersen J K.On the problems of epibiosis,fouling and artificial reefs,a review [J].Marine Ecology,2001,33:169～188.
[209]Terry K L,Laws E A,Burns D J.Growth rate variation in the N:P requirement ratio of phytoplankton [J].Journal of Phycology,1985,21:323～329.
[210]Tett P,Heaney S I,Droop M R.The redfield ratio and phytoplankton growth rate [J].Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the UK,1985,65:487～504.
[211]Tews J,Brose U,Grimm V,et al.Animal species diversity driven by habitat heterogeneity/diversity:the importance of keystone structures [J].Journal of Biogeography,2004,31:79～92.
[212]Tseng C T,Chen S C,Huang C S,et al.GIS-assisted site selection for artificial reefs [J].Fisheries Science,2001,67:1015～1022.
[213]Turner J T.Zooplankton feeding ecology:A laboratory studies of predation on fish eggs and larvae by the copepods Anomalocera ornata and Centropages typicus [J].Marine Biology,1985,90:1～8.
[214]Tweddle J F,Simpson J H,Janzen C D.Physical controls of food supply to benthic filter feeders in the Menai Strait,UK [J].Marine Ecology Progress Series,2005,289:79-88.
[215]Valiela I,Bowen J L,York J K.Mangrove forests:one of the world's threatened major tropical environments [J].Bioscience,2001,51(10):807～815.
[216]Vanni M J.Effects of nutrients and zooplankton size on the structure of a phytoplankton community [J].Ecology,1987,68:624～635.
[217]Vetter R D.UV effects on pelagic fish eggs and larvae:the‘one bad day’ hypothesis [J].Limnology and Oceanography,1997,42:432.
[218]Vicente M,Falcaoa M,Santosa M N,et al.Environmental assessment of two artificial reef systems off southern Portugal (Faro and Olhao):A question of location[J].Continental Shelf Research,2008,28:839-847
[219]Vincent W F,Roy S.Solar ultraviolet-B radiation and aquatic primary production:damage,protection and recovery [J].Environmental Reviews,1993,1:1～12.
[220]Vose F E,Nelson W G.Gray triggerfish (Batistes capriscus Gmelin) feeding from artificial and natural substrate in shallow Atlantic waters of Florida [J].Bulletin of Marine Science,1994,55:1316～1323.
[221]Vose F E,Nelson W G.An Assessment of the Use of Stabilized Coal and Oil Ash for Construction of Artificial Fishing Reefs:Comparison of Fishes Observed on Small Ash and Concrete Reefs [J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,1998,36 (12):980～988.
[222]Waldichuk M.Incineration at sea and artificial reefs:options for marine waste disposal [J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,1988,19:589～593.
[223]Wang Y S,Lou Z P,Sun C C,et al.Ecological environment changes in Daya Bay,China,from 1982 to 2004[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2008,56:1871-1879.
[224]Wang Z Y,Yan W,Chi J S,et al.Spatial and vertical distribution of organochlorine pesticides in sediments from Daya Bay,South China[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2008,56:1578-1585.
[225]Warwick R M.A new method for detecting pollution effects on marine macrobenthic communities [J].Marine Biology,1986,92:557～562.
[226]Wehde H,Backhaus J O,Hegseth E N.The influence of oceanic convection in primary production [J].Ecological Modelling,2001,138:115～126.
[227]Wells P G.Assessing health of the Bay of Fundy—concepts and framework [J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2003,46:1059～1077.
[228]West J E,Buckley R M,Doty D C.Ecology and habitat use of juvenile rockflshes (Sebastes spp.)associated with artificial reefs in Puget Sound,Washington [J].Bulletin of Marine Science,1994,55 (2/3):344～350.
[229]Whitmarsh D,Santos M N,Ramos J,et al.Marine habitat modification through artificial reefs off the Algarve (southern Portugal):An economic analysis of the fisheries and the prospects for management [J].Ocean & Coastal Management,2008,51:463～468.
[230]Wilding T A.The benthic impacts of the Loch Linnhe Artificial Reefy].Hydrobiologia,2006,555:345-353.
[231]Wilhelmsson D,Ohman M C,Stahl H,et al.Artificial reefs and dive tourism in Eilat, Israel [J]. Ambio, 1998,27 : 764-766.
[232]Woodhead P M J, Parker J H, Duedall I W. The coal-waste artificial reef project (C-WARP): a new resource potential for fishing reef construction [J]. Marine Fisheries Review, 1982,44 :16-23.
[233]Xu F L, Lam K C, Zhao Z Y, et al. Marine coastal ecosystem health assessment : a case study of the Tolo Harbor, Hong Kong , China [J]. Ecological Modelling, 2004,173 (4): 355-370.
[234]Zhou J L, Maskaoui K. Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water and surface sediments from Daya Bay, China[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2003, 121:269-281.
[235]Zhou M J, Li J, Luckas B, et al. A recent shellfish toxin investigation in China [J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 1999,39 : 331-334.
[236]白景锋,欧维新.盐城海岸带湿地生态经济价值评估[J].安徽农业科学,2008,36(3):1181-1184.
[237]毕洪生.胶州湾环境对底栖生物的影响[J].海洋科学,1997,(1):37-40.
[238]蔡秉及.大亚湾浮游幼虫的丰度[A].见:国家海洋局第三海洋研究所,大亚湾海洋生态文集(Ⅱ)[C].北京:海洋出版社,1990,232-236.
[239]蔡秉及.大亚湾枝角类的丰度[A].见:国家海洋局第三海洋研究所,大亚湾海洋生态文集(Ⅱ)[C].北京:海洋出版社,1990,369-373.
[240]蔡东生.大亚湾毛颚类的生态[J].南海研究与开发,1989,(3):19-30.
[241]陈峰,杨宝华,宋文隆.大亚湾表层沉积物的粒度结构与沉积环境[A].见:国家海洋局第三海洋研究所,大亚湾海洋生态文集(Ⅰ)[C].北京:海洋出版社,1989,7-13.
[242]陈丕茂.中山海域浮式试验鱼礁效果研究[J].湛江海洋大学学报,2005,25(3):85-89.
[243]陈其焕,庄亮种,陈兴群,等.大亚湾叶绿素a与初级生产力[A].大亚湾海洋生态文集(Ⅱ)[C].北京:海洋出版社,1990,198-209.
[244]陈清潮,黄良民,尹健强,等.南沙群岛海区浮游动物多样性研究[A].南沙群岛及其邻近海区海洋生物多样性研究Ⅰ[C].北京:海洋出版社,1994,42-50.
[245]陈伟琪,张珞平,洪华生,等.近岸海域环境容量的价值及其价值量评 估初探[J].厦门大学学报(自然科学版),1999,38(6):896-901.
[246]陈雪梅,尹健强,张谷贤,等.浮游动物[A].见:徐恭昭,等.大亚湾环境与资源.合肥:安徽科学技术出版社.1989,175-192.
[247]陈勇,刘晓丹,吴晓郁,等.不同结构模型礁对许氏平鲉幼鱼的诱集效果[J].大连水产学院学报,2006,21(2):153－157.
[248]陈勇,吴晓郁,邵丽萍,等.模型礁对幼鲍、幼海胆行为的影响[J].大连水产学院学报,2006,21(4):361-365.
[249]陈勇,于长清,张国胜,等.人工鱼礁的环境功能与集鱼效果[J].大连水产学院学报,2002,17(1):64-69.
[250]陈真然,魏淑珍.浮性鱼卵和仔稚鱼[A].见:徐恭昭,等.大亚湾环境与资源.合肥:安徽科学技术出版社,1989,209-231
[251]陈铮.南澳岛东北水域人工鱼礁区的鱼类和渔获效益[J].热带海洋,1989,8(3):82-89.
[252]陈仲新,张新时.中国生态系统效益的价值[J].科学通报,2000,45(1):17-22.
[253]戴燕玉.大亚湾毛颚类的分布[A].见:国家海洋局第三海洋研究所,大亚湾海洋生态文集(Ⅰ)[C].北京:海洋出版社,1989,117-122.
[254]邓显明,陶春辉,孙春岩,等.侧扫声呐和浅地层剖面仪在人工鱼礁选址和监测中的应用[A].中国地球物理学会第22届年会论文集[C],2006,33.
[255]董双林,王芳,王俊,等.海湾栉孔扇贝对海水浮游生物和水质的影响[J].海洋学报,1999,21(6):138-143.
[256]杜飞雁,李纯厚,廖秀丽,等.大亚湾海域浮游动物生物量变化特征[J].海洋环境科学,2006,25(1):37-39.
[257]杜飞雁,张汉华,李纯厚,等.大亚湾大型底栖动物种类组成及物种多样性[J].中国水产科学,2008,15(2):252-259.
[258]费尊乐,毛兴华,朱明远,等.渤海生产力研究Ⅰ.叶绿素a、初级生产力与渔业资源开发潜力[J].海洋水产研究,1991,17:55-70.
[259]冯蕾,肖慧,孟祥红.UV-B辐射增强对褶皱臂尾轮虫实验种群动态的影响[J].武汉大学学报(理学版),2006,52(2):225-229.
[260]国家海洋局.1999年中国海洋统计年鉴[Z].北京:海洋出版社,2000.
[261]国家海洋局.中国海洋统计年鉴[Z].北京:海洋出版社,2002,61-80.
[262]郭金富,李茂照,余勉余.广东海岛海域海洋生物和渔业资源[M].广州:广东科技出版社,1994.
[263]郭卫东,章小明,杨逸萍,等.中国近岸海域潜在性富营养化程度的评价[J].台湾海峡,1998,17(1):64-70.
[264]韩维栋,高秀梅,卢昌义,等.中国红树林生态系统生态价值评估[J].生态科学,2000,19(1):40-46.
[265]黄邦钦,洪华生,柯林,等.珠江口分粒级叶绿素a和初级生产力研究[J].海洋学报,2005,27(6):180-186.
[266]黄洪辉,王肇鼎,张正斌,等.大亚湾生态系秋季叶绿素a和营养盐分布的分区研究初探[J].海洋通报,1999,18(6):32-38.
[267]黄剑霞.大亚湾沉积物有机质、Eh、Mdφ的分布和氧化-还原沉积环境的划分[A].见:国家海洋局第三海洋研究所,大亚湾海洋生态文集(Ⅰ)[C].北京:海洋出版社,1989,14-18.
[268]黄良民,袁文彬.水域生产力[A].见:徐恭昭,等.大亚湾环境与资源[C].合肥:安徽科学技术出版社,1989,115-140.
[269]黄雄.人工鱼礁发展概况[J].海岸工程,1989,8(8):69-74.
[270]黄惟灏,韦肖杭,姚伟忠,等.采砂业对渔业生态环境及资源的影响——西苕溪安吉段渔业资源调查[J].宁波大学学报(理工版),2002,15(3):28-32.
[271]黄宗国.海洋生物学辞典[M].北京:海洋出版社,2002,4.
[272]贾建三.英汉渔业词典[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1995.
[273]贾晓平,杜飞雁,林钦,等.海洋渔业生态环境质量状况综合评价方法探讨[J].中国水产科学,2003,10(2):160-164.
[274]江锦祥,蔡尔西,吴启泉,等.大亚湾底栖生物的种类组成和数量分布[A].见:国家海洋局第三海洋研究所,大亚湾海洋生态文集(Ⅱ)[C].北京:海洋出版社,1990,237-247.
[275]江锦祥,李荣冠,郑凤武,等.大亚湾底栖动物群落结构分析[A].见:国家海洋局第三海洋研究所,大亚湾海洋生态文集(Ⅱ)[C].北京:海洋出版社,1990,282-289.
[276]雷宗友.海洋牧场[M].上海:少年儿童出版社,1979.
[277]李纯厚,贾晓平,蔡文贵.南海北部浮游动物多样性研究[J].中国水产科学,2004,11(2):139-146.
[278]李学杰.广东大亚湾底质重金属分布特征与环境质量评价[J].中国地质,2003,30(4):429-435.
[279]李亚楠,张燕,马成东.我国海洋灾害经济损失评估模型研究[J].海洋环境科学,2000,19(3):60-63.
[280]李仲钦,陈寇平.南海近岸水质量状况和变化趋势[J].南海研究与开发,1998,1:15-23.
[281]连光山,蔡秉及,林玉辉,等.大亚湾浮游动物生物量和密度的分布[A].见:国家海洋局第三海洋研究所,大亚湾海洋生态文集(Ⅱ)[C].北京:海洋出版社,1990,221-231.
[282]连光山,林玉辉,蔡秉及,等.大亚湾浮游动物群落的特征[A].见:国家海洋局第三海洋研究所,大亚湾海洋生态文集(Ⅱ)[C].北京:海洋出版社,1990,274-281.
[283]廖秀丽,李纯厚,杜飞雁,等.2003-2005年大亚湾水螅水母类生态研究[J].海洋环境科学,2006,25(增刊1):48-51.
[284]廖秀丽,李纯厚,杜飞雁,等.大亚湾桡足类的生态学研究[J]。南方水产,2006,2(4):46-53.
[285]林光纪.人工鱼礁物品经济学特性[J].福建水产,2005,(2):6-10.
[286]林茂.大亚湾水母类的分类和区系[A].见:国家海洋局第三海洋研究所,大亚湾海洋生态文集(Ⅰ)[C].北京:海洋出版社,1989,59-65.
[287]林茂.大亚湾海樽类生态的研究[A].见:国家海洋局第三海洋研究所,大亚湾海洋生态文集(Ⅱ)[C].北京:海洋出版社,1990,390-396.
[288]林盛,黄宗国.大亚湾核电站进水口水域糠虾的生态[A].见:国家海洋局第三海洋研究所,大亚湾海洋生态文集(Ⅰ)[C].北京:海洋出版社,1989,141-147.
[289]林盛,黄宗国.大亚湾核电站进水口樱虾类的生态[A].见:国家海洋局第三海洋研究所,大亚湾海洋生态文集(Ⅱ)[C].北京:海洋出版社,1990,374-379.
[290]林双淡,庄世德,王志远.大亚湾鱼类区系特征[A].见:国家海洋局第 三海洋研究所,大亚湾海洋生态文集(Ⅰ)[C].北京:海洋出版社,1989,153-165.
[291]林永水,袁文彬.浮游植物[A].见:徐恭昭,等.大亚湾环境与资源[M].合肥:安徽科学技术出版社.1989,162-175.
[292]林昭进.浮性鱼卵和仔稚鱼[A].见:大亚湾海岛资源综合调查报告[C].广州:广东科技出版社,1993,97-101.
[293]林昭进,詹海刚.大亚湾核电站温排水对邻近水域鱼卵、仔鱼的影响[J].热带海洋,2000,19(1):44-51.
[294]刘惠飞.日本人工鱼礁研究开发的最新动向[J].渔业现代化,2002,(1):25-27.
[295]刘金霞,王琦,谷德贤.不同材料类型人工鱼礁建设的经济效益浅析[J].河北渔业,2008,(6):3-6.
[296]刘舜斌,汪振华,林良伟,等.嵊泗人工鱼礁建设初期效果评价[J].上海水产大学学报,2007,16(3):297-302.
[297]刘思俭.广东省应大力发展海洋牧业[J].湛江水产学院学报,1995,15(2):1-3.
[298]刘伟,刘百桥.我国围填海现状、问题及调控对策[J].广州环境科学,2008,23(2):26-30.
[299]刘秀民,张怀慧,罗迈威.利用粉煤灰和碱渣制作人工鱼礁的研究[J].建筑材料学报,2007,10(5):622-626.
[300]卢振斌,戴泉水,颜尤明.台湾海峡及其邻近海域渔业资源生产力和最大持续产量[J].中国水产科学,2002.9(1):28-32.
[301]卢振彬,杜琦,许翠娅.福建泉州湾贝类养殖容量评估[J].热带海洋学报,2005,24(4):22-29.
[302]苗丽娟.围填海造成的生态环境损失评估方法初探[J].环境与可持续发展,2007,(1):27-29.
[303]欧阳志云,等.生态系统服务功能、生态价值与可持续发展[J].世界科技研究与发展,2000,22(5):45-50.
[304]潘灵芝,林军,章守宇.铅直二维定常流中人工鱼礁流场效应的数值实验[J].上海水产大学学报,2005,14(4):406-412.
[305]潘文斌,唐涛,邓红兵,等.湖泊生态系统服务功能评估——以湖北 保安湖为例[J].应用生态学报,2002,13(10):1315-1318.
[306]彭云辉,孙丽华,陈浩如,等.大亚湾海区营养盐的变化及富营养化研究[J].海洋通报,2002,21(3):44-49.
[307]钱宏林,梁松,齐雨藻.赤潮与厄尔尼诺关系的讨论[J].暨南大学学报(自然科学版),1991,12(3):112-116.
[308]丘耀文.大亚湾营养物质变异特征[J].海洋学报,2001,23(1):85-93.
[309]丘耀文,王肇鼎.大亚湾海域重金属潜在生态危害评价[J].热带海洋,1997,16(4):49-53.
[310]丘耀文,王肇鼎,朱良生.大亚湾海域营养盐与叶绿素含量的变化趋势及其对生态环境的影响[J].台湾海峡,2005,24(2):131-139.
[311]曲克明,陈碧娟,袁有宪,等.氮、磷营养盐影响海水浮游硅藻种群组成的初步研究[J].应用生态学报,2000,11(3):445-448.
[312]曲维政,邓声贵.灾难性的海洋石油污染[J].自然灾害学报,2001,2(1):69-74.
[313]任先秋.香港及大亚湾邻近水域的钩虾类(甲壳动物:端足目)[J].海洋科学集刊,1994,35:249-271.
[314]沈国英,施并章.海洋生态学[M].厦门:厦门大学出版社,1990.
[315]沈寿彭.底栖生物[A].见:徐恭昭,等.大亚湾环境与资源[M].合肥:安徽科学技术出版社,1989,193-208.
[316]石洪华,郑伟,丁德文,等.典型海洋生态系统服务功能及价值评估——以桑沟湾为例[J].海洋环境科学,2008,27(2):101-104.
[317]孙翠慈,王友绍,孙松,等.大亚湾浮游植物群落特征[J].生态学报,2006,26(12):3948-3958.
[318]孙军,刘东艳,徐俊,等.1999年春季渤海中部及其邻近海域的网采浮游植物群落[J].生态学报,2004,24(9):2003-2016.
[319]孙丽华,王肇鼎,彭云辉.大亚湾海域海水中各种形态磷的研究[J].海洋环境科学,2002,21(4):19-23.
[320]孙满昌.渔具渔法选择性[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2004,109-110.
[321]唐明,赵金波.高性能海水养殖鲍鱼专用人工礁石的研究[J].混凝土,2003,(2):3-6.
[322]唐衍力,王磊,梁振林,等.方型人工鱼礁水动力性能试验研究[J].中国海洋大学学报,2007,37(5):713-716.
[323]田涛,张秀梅,张沛东,等.防海胆食害藻礁的设计及实验研究[J].中国海洋大学学报,2008,38(1):68-72.
[324]王飞,张硕,丁天明.舟山海域人工鱼礁选址基于AHP的权重因子评价[J].海洋学研究,2008,26(1):65-71.
[325]王磊,黄洪亮,唐衍力.关于人工鱼礁的基本设计与管理问题的探讨[J].现代渔业信息,2008,23(4):18-20.
[326]王丽荣,赵焕庭.珊瑚礁生态系统服务及其价值评估[J].生态学杂志,2006,25(11):1384-1389.
[327]王淼,胡本强,辛万光,等.我国海洋环境污染的现状、成因与治理[J].中国海洋大学学报(社会科学版),2006,(5):1-6.
[328]王素琴.人工鱼礁受力分析与设计要点[J].大连水产学院学报,1987,7(1):55-62.
[329]王伟定,徐汉祥,潘国良,等.浙江沿岸休闲生态型人工鱼礁初选点底质类型分析及承载力的计算方法[J].浙江海洋学院学报(自然科学版),2006,25(2):119-123.
[330]王伟定,徐汉祥,潘国良,等.浙江省休闲生态型人工鱼礁建设现状与展望[J].浙江海洋学院学报,2007,26(1):22-27.
[331]王小平,蔡文贵,林钦,等.大亚湾水域营养盐的分布变化[J].海洋湖沼通报,1996,(4):20-27.
[332]王友绍,王肇鼎,黄良民.近20年来大亚湾生态环境的变化及其发展趋势[J].热带海洋学报,2004,23(5):85-95.
[333]王增焕,李纯厚,贾晓平.应用初级生产力估算南海北部的渔业资源量[J].海洋水产研究,2005,26(3):9-15.
[334]王肇鼎,练健生,胡建兴,等.大亚湾生态环境的退化现状与特征[J].生态科学,2003,22(4):313-320.
[335]王志远.1990.大亚湾的浮性鱼卵和仔、稚鱼[A].见:国家海洋局第三海洋研究所.大亚湾海洋生态文集(Ⅱ)[C].北京:海洋出版社,248-254.
[336]韦敬辉.香港人工鱼礁与岩礁鱼类[M].香港:天地图书有限公司, 2003.
[337]吴健,黄沈发,杨泽生.热排放对水生生态系统的影响及其缓解对策[J].环境科学与技术,2006,29(增刊):127-129.
[338]吴玲玲,陆健健,童春富,等.长江口湿地生态系统服务功能价值的评估[J].长江流域资源与环境,2003,12(5):411-416.
[339]吴启泉,蔡尔西,何明海.厦门港湾海洋环境综合调查报告[J].台湾海峡,1988,7(1):17-35.
[340]吴荣军,吕瑞华,朱明远,等.海水混合和层化对叶绿素a垂直分布的影响[J].生态环境,2004,13(4):515-519.
[341]吴姗姗,刘容子,齐连明,等.渤海海域生态系统服务功能价值评估[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2008,18(2):65-69.
[342]吴子岳,孙满昌,汤威.十字型人工鱼礁礁体的水动力计算[J].海洋水产研究,2003,24(4):32-35.
[343]夏建荣.大气CO_2浓度升高对海洋浮游植物影响的研究进展[J].湛江海洋大学学报,2006,26(3):106-110.
[344]夏雪岭.南戴河海域人工鱼礁增养殖海参技术[J].河北渔业,2007,(12):26-27.
[345]徐丛春,韩增林.海洋生态系统服务价值的估算框架构筑[J].生态经济,2003,(10):199-202.
[346]徐洪科.泥底质海区人工鱼礁的效果[J].浙江水产学院学报,1990,9(1):35-42.
[347]徐惠州.大亚湾棘皮动物的种类组成与数量分布[A].见:国家海洋局第三海洋研究所,大亚湾海洋生态文集(Ⅰ)[C].北京:海洋出版社,1989,148-151.
[348]杨宝清,王树田,王熙杰,等.山东省人工鱼礁建设情况调查报告[J].齐鲁渔业,2007,24(5):19-22.
[349]杨建强,崔文林,张洪亮,等.莱州湾西部海域海洋生态系统健康评价的结构功能指标法[J].海洋通报,2003,22(5):58-63.
[350]杨红,刘广平.长江口生态系统服务功能价值评估[J].海洋环境科学,2008,27(6):624-628.
[351]杨吝,刘同渝,黄汝堪.中国人工鱼礁理论与实践[M].广州:广东科 技出版社,2005.
[352]杨吝,刘同渝,黄汝堪.人工鱼礁建设实绩考察[J].现代渔业信息,2005,20(11):6-8.
[353]杨吝,刘同渝,黄汝堪.人工鱼礁的起源和历史[J].现代渔业信息,2005,20(12):5-8.
[354]杨清良.大亚湾浮游植物的种类组成和分布[A].见:国家海洋局第三海洋研究所,大亚湾海洋生态文集(Ⅱ)[C].北京:海洋出版社,1990,210-220.
[355]杨清良.大亚湾浮游植物群落的生态特征[A].见:国家海洋局第三海洋研究所,大亚湾海洋生态文集(Ⅱ)[C].北京:海洋出版社,1990,266-273.
[356]杨清伟,蓝崇钰,辛琨.广东-海南海岸带生态系统服务价值评估[J].海洋环境科学,2003,22(4):25-29.
[357]杨宇峰,宋金明,林小涛,等.大型海藻栽培及其在近海环境的生态作用[J].海洋环境科学,2005,24(2):77-80.
[358]叶属峰,刘星,丁德文.长江河口海域生态系统健康评价指标体系及其初步评价[J].海洋学报,2007,29(4):128-136.
[359]易建生.台湾人工鱼礁的发展现状[J].南海研究与开发,1993,9(1):27-33.
[360]虞聪达,俞存根,严世强.人工船礁铺设模式优选方法研究[J].海洋与湖沼,2004,35(4):299-305.
[361]袁建军,谢嘉华.海洋生态环境污染研究概况[J].生物学通报,2001,36(5):6-8.
[362]曾炳光,张进上,陈冠贤,等.南海区渔业资源调查和区划[M].广州:广东科技出版社,2005,107-108.
[363]张朝晖,周骏,吕吉斌,等.海洋生态系统服务的内涵与特点[J].海洋环境科学,2007,26(3):259-263.
[364]张朝晖,吕吉斌,叶属峰,等.桑沟湾海洋生态系统的服务价值[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(11):2540-2547.
[365]张朝晖,吕吉斌,丁德文.海洋生态系统服务的分类与计量[J].海岸工程,2007,26(1):57-63.
[366]张虎,刘培廷,汤建华,等.海州湾人工鱼礁大型底栖生物调查[J]. 海洋渔业,2008,30(2):97-104.
[367]张虎,朱孔文,汤建华.海州湾人工鱼礁养护资源效果初探[J].海洋渔业,2005,27(1):38-43.
[368]张怀慧,孙龙.利用人工鱼礁工程增殖海洋水产资源的研究[J].大连水产学院学报,1992,6(2):42-52.
[369]张剑诚,于金海,王吉桥.人工渔礁建设研究现状[J].水产科学,2004,23(11):27-30.
[370]张秋丰,屠建波,胡延忠,等.天津近岸海域生态环境健康评价[J].海洋通报,2008,27(5):73-78.
[371]章守宇,张焕君,焦俊鹏,等.海州湾人工鱼礁海域生态环境的变化[J].水产学报,2006,30(4):475-480.
[372]张硕,孙满昌,陈勇.人工鱼礁模型对大泷六线鱼和许氏平鲉幼鱼个体的诱集效果[J].大连水产学院学报,2008,23(1):13-19.
[373]张硕,孙满昌,陈勇.不同高度混凝土模型礁背涡流特性的定量研究[J].大连水产学院学报,2008,23(4):278-282.
[374]张硕,朱孔文,孙满昌.海州湾人工鱼礁区浮游植物的种类组成和生物量[J].大连水产学院学报,2006,21(2):134-140.
[375]张维翥.核电站温排水对大亚湾鲷科鱼卵、仔鱼分布的影响[J].热带海洋,1996,15(4):80-84.
[376]张银英.大亚湾沉积物中重金属元素背景值研究[J].热带海洋,1991,10(3):76-80.
[377]赵海涛,张亦飞,郝春玲,等.人工鱼礁的投放区选址和礁体设计[J].海洋学研究,2006,24(4):69-76.
[378]赵延茂.黄河三角洲自然保护区科学考察集[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1995.
[379]赵中堂.我国沿海海上人工鱼礁参礁的现状及其管理问题[J].海洋通报,1995,14(4):79-84.
[380]郑爱榕,沈海维,刘景欣,等.大亚湾海域低营养盐维持高生产力的机制探讨Ⅰ[J].海洋科学,2001,25(11):48-52.
[381]中国科学院南海海洋研究所.大亚湾海域海洋生态环境变化及趋势分 析[R].广州:中国科学院南海海洋研究所,2000,246.
[382]中国渔业资源调查和区划编委会.中国渔业区划[M].杭州:浙江科技出版社,1987,1-175.
[383]钟术求,孙满昌,章守宇,等.钢制四方台型人工鱼礁礁体设计及稳定性研究[J].海洋渔业,2006,28(3):234-240.
[384]周媛,张哲,于娟,等.UV-B辐射增强对2种海洋桡足类生长发育的影响[J].武汉大学学报(理学版),2008,54(2):215-220.
[385]朱燮昌,崔淑琴,戴洪亮,等.用粉煤灰制作人工鱼礁的研究Ⅰ.粉煤灰人工鱼礁礁块的配比、工艺及海水浸泡溶出试验[J].海洋通报,1987,6(4):56-63.
[386]邹景忠,董丽萍,秦保平.渤海湾富营养化和赤潮问题的初步探讨[J].海洋环境科学,1983,2(2):41-55.
[2]Aebischer N J,Coulson J C,Colebrook J M.Parallel long-term trends across four marine trophic levels and weather[J].Nature,1990,347:753-755.
[3]Aleksandrov B G,Minicheva G G,Strikalenko T V.Ecological Aspects of Artificial Reef Construction Using Scrap Tires [J].Russian Journal of Marine Biology,2002,28 (2):120～126.
[4]Alldredge A L,Elias M,Gotschalk C C.Effects of Drilling Muds and Mud Additives on the Primary Production of Natural Assemblages of Marine Phytoplankton [J].Marine Environmental Research,1986,19:157～176.
[5]Ambrose R F.Mitigating the effects of a coastal power plant on a kelp forest community:rationale and requirements for an artificial reef [J].Bulletin of Marine Science,1994,55 (2/3):694～708.
[6]Ambrose R F,Anderson T W.Influence of an artificial reef on the surrounding infaunal community [J].Marine Biology,1990,107:41～52.
[7]Ambrose R F,Swarbrick S L.Comparison of fish assemblages on artificial and natural reefs of the coast of southern California [J].Bulletin of Marine Science,1989,44:718～733.
[8]Anderson T W,De Martini E E,Roberts D A.The relationship between habitat structures,body size and distribution of fishes at a temperate artificial reef [J].Bulletin of Marine Science,1989,44:681～697.
[9]Anderson M J,Underwood A J.Effects of substratum on the recruitment and development of an intertidal estuarine fouling assemblage [J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,1994,184:217～236.
[10]Antsulevich A E.Artificial reefs project for improvement of water quality and environmental enhancement of Neva Bay (St.Petersburg County Region)[J].Bulletin of Marine Science,1994,55 (2):1191～1194.
[11]Ardizzone G D,Gravina M F,Belluscio A.Temporal development of epibenthic communities on artificial reefs in the central Mediterranean Sea [J]. Bulletin of Marine Science, 1989,44 : 592-608.
[12]Arena P T, Jordan L K B, Spieler R E. Fish assemblages on sunken vessels and natural reefs in southeast Florida, USA [J]. Hydrobiologia, 2007, 580 : 157-171.
[13]Bacchiocchi F, Airoldi L. Distribution and dynamics of epibiota on hard structures for coastal protection [J]. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2003, 56 : 1157-1166.
[14]Bailey K M, Yen J. Predation by a carnivorous marine copepod, Euchaeta elongate Esterly, on eggs and larvae of the Pacific hake, Merlucetus productus [J]. Journal of Plankton Research, 1983, 5 : 71-82.
[15]Baine M. Artificial reefs: a review of their design, application, management and performance [J]. Ocean & Coastal Management, 2001, 44 :241-259.
[16]Baine M, Side J. Habitat modification and manipulation as a management tool [J]. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 2003, 13 :187-199.
[17]Balod M, Purina I, Bechemin C, et al. Effects of nutrient enrichment on the growth rates and community structure of summer phytoplankton from the Gulf of Riga, Baltic Sea [J]. Journal of Plankton Research, 1998, 20 (12): 2251-2271.
[18]Barber J S, Chosid D M, Glenn R P, et al. A systematic model for artificial reef site selection [J]. New Zealand Journal of Marine & Freshwater Research, 2009, 43 : 283-297.
[19]Barnthouse L W. Impacts of power-plant cooling systems on estuarine fish populations: the Hudson River after 25 years [J]. Environmental Science & Policy, 2000, 3 : S341-S348.
[20]Batten S D, Allen R J S, Wotton C O M. The Effects of the Sea Empress Oil Spill on the Plankton of the Southern Irish Sea [J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 1998, 36 (10): 764-774.
[21]Beaumont N J, Austen M C, Atkins J P, et al. Identification, definition and quantification of goods and services provided by marine biodiversity: Implications for the ecosystem approach [J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2007, 54 : 253-265.
[22]Beets J, Hixon M A. Distribution, persistence and growth of Groupers (Pisces:serranidae)on artificial and natural patch reefs in the Virgin Islands [J].Bulletin of Marine Science,1994,55 (2/3):470～483.
[23]Blaxter J H S.The enhancement of marine fish stocks [J].Advance in Marine Biology,2000,38:1～54.
[24]Boaventura D,Moura A,Francisco L,et al.Macrobenthic colonisation of artificial reefs on the southern coast of Portugal (Ancao,Algarve)[J].Hydrobiologia,2006,555:335～343.
[25]Boesch D F.Measuring the health of the Chesapeake Bay:toward integration and prediction [J].Environmental Research (Section A),2000,82:134～142.
[26]Bohnsack J A.,Sutherland D L.Artificial reef research:a review with recommendations for future priorities [J].Bulletin of Marine Science,1985,37:11～39.
[27]Bohnsack J A.Are high densities of fishes at artificial reefs the result of habitat limitation or behavioural preference [J]? Bulletin of Marine Science,1989,44:631-645.
[28]Bohnsack J A,Harper D E,McClellan D B,et al.Effects of reef size on colonization and assemblage structure of fishes at artificial reefs of southeastern Florida,U.S.A [J].Bulletin of Marine Science,1994,55:796～823.
[29]Bombace G.Artificial Reefs in the Mediterranean Sea [J].Bulletin of Marine Science,1989,44(2),1023～1032.
[30]Bortone S A,Van Orman D.Factors controlling optimal biological productivity on artificial reefs [J].Bulletin of Marine Science,1985,37:396～402.
[31]Branden K L,Pollard D A,Reimers H A.A review of recent artificial reef developments in Australia [J].Bulletin of Marine Science,1994,55 (2/3):982～994.
[32]Bray R N,Miller A C.Planktivorous fishes:their potential as nutrient importers to artificial reefs [J].Bulletin of Marine Science,1985,37 (1):396～402.
[33]Brewer G D,Kleppel G S,Dempsey M.Apparent predation on ichthyoplankton by zooplankton and fishes in nearshore waters of Southern California [J].Marine Biology,1984,80 (1):17～28
[34]Brock R E.Beyond fisheries enhancement:artificial reefs and ecotourism [J].Bulletin of Marine Science,1994,55:1181～1188.
[35]Brotto D S,Araujo F G.Habitat selection by fish in an artificial reef in Ilha Grande Bay,Brazil [J].Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology,2001,44 (3):319～324.
[36]Burchmore J J,Pollard D A,Bell J D,et al.An ecological comparison of artificial and natural rocky reef fish communities in Botany Bay,New South Wales,Australia [J].Bulletin of Marine Science,1985,37:70～85.
[37]Cadee G C,Hegeman J.Primary production in the wadden sea [J].Netherlands Journal of Sea Research,1974,3 (2):240～259.
[38]Campos J A,Gamboa C.An artificial tile-reef in a tropical marine system:a management tool [J].Bulletin of Marine Science,1989,44 (2):757～766.
[39]Caperon J,Meyer J.Nitrogen-limited growth of marine phytoplankton I.Changes in population characteristics with steady-state growth rate [J].Deep-sea Research,1972,19:601～618.
[40]Carter J W,Jessee W N,Foster M S,et al.Management of artificial reefs designed to support natural communities [J].Bulletin of Marine Science,1985,37:114～128.
[41]Caselle J E,Love M S,Fusaro C,et al.Trash or habitat? Fish assemblages on offshore oilfield seafloor debris in the Santa Barbara Channel,California [J].ICES Journal of Marine Science,2002,59:S258～S265.
[42]Chalker-Scott L.Survival and sex ratios of the intertidal copepod,Tigriopus californicus,following ultraviolet-B (290-320nm)radiation exposure [J].Marine Biology,1995,123:799～804.
[43]Chang K H.Review of artificial reefs in Taiwan:emphasizing site selection and effectiveness [J].Bulletin of Marine Science,1985,37:143～150.
[44]Chittaro P M.Species-area relationships for coral reef fish assemblages of St.Croix,U.S.Virgin Islands [J].Marine Ecology Progress Series,2002,233:253～261.
[45]Chou L M.Artificial reefs of southeast Asia-Do they enhance or degrade the marine environment [J]? Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,1997,44: 45～52.
[46]Chua C Y Y,Chou L M.The use of artificial reefs in enhancing fish communities in Singapore [J].Hydrobiologia,1994,285:177-187.
[47]Clark S,Edwards A J.Use of artificial reef structures to rehabilitate reef flats degraded by coral mining in the Maldives [J].Bulletin of Marine Science,1994,55(2/3):724～744.
[48]Clarke K R,Warwick R M.Change in marine communities:an approach to statistical analysis and interpretation:2nd ed [M].Primper-E:Plymouth.2001.
[49]Clynick B G,Chapman M G,Underwood A J.Fish assemblages associated with urban structures and natural reefs in Sydney,Australia [J].Austral Ecology,2008,33:140～150.
[50]Coen L D,Luckenbach M W.Developing success criteria and goals for evaluating oyster reef restoration:ecological function or resource exploitation [J]? Ecological engineering,2000,15:323～343.
[51]Coll J,Moranta J,Renones O,et al.Influence of substrate and deployment time on fish assemblages on an artificial reef at Formentera Island (Balearic Islands,western Mediterranean)[J].Hydrobiologia,1998,385:139～152.
[52]Collins K J,Jensen A C,Mallinson J J,et al.Environmental impact assessment of a scrap tyre artificial reef [J].ICES Journal of Marine Science,2002,59:S243～S249.
[53]Connell S D,Jones G P.The influence of habitat complexity on postrecruitment processes in a temperate reef fish population [J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,1991,151:271～294.
[54]Costanza R,Arge R D,Groot R D,et al.The value of the world's ecosystem services and natural capital [J].Nature,1997,387:253～260.
[55]Cottingham K.L.Nutrients and zooplankton as multiple stressors of phytoplankton communities:Evidence from size structure [J].Liminology and Oceanography,1999,44:810～827.
[56]Daily G C,et al.Nature's service:societal dependence on natural ecosystem[M].Washington DC:island press.1997.
[57]Damkaer D M,Dey D B.UV damage and photoreactivation potentials of the larval shrimp,Pandalus platyceros,and adult euphausiids,Thysanoessa raschii [J].Oecologia,1983,60:169～175.
[58]D'Anna G,Badalamenti F,Gristina M,et al.Influence of artificial reefs on coastal nekton assemblages of the Gulf of Castellammare (Northwest Sicily)[J].Bulletin of Marine Science,1994,55:662～665.
[59]Davies R W D,Cripps S J,Nickson A,et al.Defining and estimating global marine fisheries bycatch[J].Marine Policy,2009,33:661-672.
[60]Davis N,Van Blaricom G R,Dayton P K.Man-made structures on marine sediments:effects on adjacent benthic communities [J].Marine Biology,1982,70:295～303.
[61]Dean L.Undersea oases made by man:artificial reefs create new fishing grounds [J].Oceans,1983,26:27～29.
[62]De Groot R S,Wilson M A,Boumans R M.A typology for the classification,description and valuation of ecosystem functions,goods and services [J].Ecological Economics,2002,41 (3):393～408.
[63]Dortch Q,Packard T T.Differences in biomass structure between oligotrophic and eutrophic marine ecosystems[J].Deep-Sea Research,1989,36(2A):223～240.
[64]Du J Z,Mu H D,Song H Q,et al.100 years of Sediment History of Heavy Metals in Daya Bay,China[J].Water Air Soil Pollution,2008,190:343-351.
[65]Duarte C M.Marine biodiversity and ecosystem services:an elusive link [J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,2000,250:117～131.
[66]Duzbasilar F O,Lok A,Ulas A,et al.Recent developments on artificial reef applications in Turkey:hydraulic experiments [J].Bulletin of Marine Science,2006,78:195～202.
[67]Eggleston D B,Lipcius R N,Miller D L,et al.Shelter scaling regulates survival of juvenile Caribbean spiny lobster,Panulirus argus [J].Marine Ecology Progress Series,1990,682:79～88.
[68]Falcao M,Santos M N,Vicente M,et al.Biogeochemical processes and nutrient cycling within an artificial reef off Southern Portugal [J].Marine Environmental Research,2007,63:429～444.
[69]FAO.The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture[R].Fisheries Department,Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations,Rome.2000.
[70]FAO Fisheries Department.The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture (SOFIA)2006[R].FAO,2007.
[71]Fitzhardinge R C,Bailey-Brock J H.Colonization of artificial reef materials by corals and other sessile organisms [J].Bulletin of Marine Science,1989,44:567～569.
[72]Fowler A J,Jensen A C,Collins K J,et al.Age structure and diel activity of pouting on the Poole Bay artificial reef [J].Journal of Fish Biology,1999,54:944～954.
[73]Frease R A,Windsor J G.Behaviour of selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons associated with stabilized oil and coal ash artificial reef [J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,1991,22:15～19.
[74]Freitas C E C,Petrere M.Influence of artificial reefs on fish assemblage of the Barra Bonita Reservoir (Sao Paulo,Brazil)[J].Lakes & Reservoirs:Research and Management 2001,6:273～278.
[75]Friedlander A,Beets J,Tobias W.Effects of fish aggregating device design and location on fishing success in the U.S.Virgin islands [J].Bulletin of Marine Science,1994,55:645～650.
[76]Fujita T,Kitagawa D,Okuyama Y,et al.Comparison of fish assemblages among an artificial reef,a natural reef and a sandy-mud bottom site on the shelf off Iwate,northern Japan [J].Environmental Biology of Fishes,1996,46:351-364.
[77]Gao Q F,Shin P K S,Xu W Z,et al.Amelioration of marine farming impact on the benthic environment using artificial reefs as biofilters [J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2008,57:652～661.
[78]Garcia S M,Newton C H.Responsible fisheries——overview of FAO policy developments (1945～1994)[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,1994,29:528～536.
[79]Garcia-Rubies A,Macpherson E.Substrate use and temporal pattern of recruitment in juvenile fishes of the Mediterranean littoral [J].Marine Biology,1995,124:35～42.
[80]Gelin A,Gravez V,Edgar G J.Assessment of Jessica oil spill impacts on intertidal invertebrate communities [J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2003,46:1377～1384.
[81]Gladfelter W B,Ogden J C,Gladfelter E H.Similarity and diversity among coral reef fish communities:a comparison between tropical western Atlantic (Virgin Islands)and tropical central Pacific (Marshall Islands)patch reefs[J].Ecology,1980,61:1156-1168.
[82]Godoy E A S,Almeida T C M,Zalmon I R.Fish assemblages and environmental variables on an artificial reef north of Rio de Janeiro,Brazil [J].ICES Journal of Marine Science,2002,59:138～143.
[83]Golan D,Diamant A.Fish colonization of an artificial reef in the Gulf of Elat,northern Red Sea [J].Environmental Biology of Fishes,1999,54:275～282.
[84]Gomez-Buckley M,Haroun R.Artificial reefs in the Spanish Coastal zone [J].Bulletin of Marine Science,1994,55 (2-3):1021-1028.
[85]Gordon W R.A role for comprehensive planning,geographical information system (GIS)technologies and program evaluation in aquatic habitat development [J].Bulletin of Marine Science,1994,55:995～1013.
[86]Gorham J C,Alevizon W S.Habitat complexity and the abundance of juvenile fishes residing on small-scale artificial reefs [J].Bulletin of Marine Science,1989,44:662～665.
[87]Gray J S.Animal-sediment relationships [J].Oceanography and Marine Biology:An Annual Review,1974,12:223～261.
[88]Gray J S,Clarke K R,Warwick R M,et al.Detection of initial effects of pollution on marine benthos:an example from the Ekofisk and Eldfisk oilfields,North Sea [J].Marine Ecology Progress Series,1990,66:285～299.
[89]Grove R S.Artificial reefs as a resource management option for siting coastal power stations in Southern California [J].Marine Fisheries Review,1982,44:24～27.
[90]Hakanson L.An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control:a sedimentological approach [J].Water Research,1980,14 (8):975～1001.
[91]Hallagraeff G M.A review of harmful algal blooms and their apparent global increase [J].Phycologia,1993,32:79～99.
[92]Han Q Y,Huang X P,Shi P,et al.Seagrass Bed Ecosystem Service Valuation—A Case Research on Hepu Seagrass Bed in Guangxi Province [J].Marine Science Bulletin,2008,10 (1):87～96.
[93]Hays G C,Richardson A J,Robinson C.Climate change and marine plankton [J].Trends in Ecology and Evolution,2005,20 (6):337～344.
[94]He P M,Xu S N,Zhang H Y,et al.Bioremediation efficiency in the removal of dissolved inorganic nutrients by the red seaweed,Porphyra yezoensis,cultivated in the open sea [J].Water Research,2008,42:1281～1289.
[95]Herrera R,Espino F,Garrido M,et al.Observations on fish colonization and predation on two artificial reefs in the Canary Islands [J].ICES Journal of Marine Science,2002,59:69～73.
[96]Holme N A,Mcintyre A D.Methods for the study of marine benthos [M].Oxford:Blackwell Science Publication,1984.
[97]Holmer M,Marba N,Terrados J,et al.Impacts of milkfish (Chanos chanos)aquaculture on carbon and nutrient fluxes in the Bolinao area,Philippines [J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2002,44:685～696.
[98]Holmlund C M,Hammer M.Ecosystem services generated by fish populations [J].Ecological Economics,1999,29:253～268.
[99]Horwood J,et al.Planktonic determination of variability and sustainability of fisheries [J].Journal of Plankton Research,2000,22:1419～1422.
[100]Jan R Q,Liu Y H,Chen C Y,et al.Effects of pile size of artificial reefs on the standing stocks of fishes [J].Fisheries Research,2003,63:327～337.
[101]Jeffrey S W,Humphrey G F.New spectrophotometric equations for determining chlorophylls a,b,c1 and c2 in higher plants,algae and natural phytoplankton [J].Biochemistry Physiology Pflanzen,1975,167:191 ～ 194.
[102]Jensen A C.European Artificial Reef Research[C].Proceedings of the first EARRN conference, March 1996 Ancona, Italy. Southampton Oceanography Centre, Southampton. 1997.
[103]Jensen A. Artificial reefs of Europe: perspective and future [J]. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 2002, 59 : S3-S13.
[104]Jordan L K B, Gilliam D S, Spieler R E. Reef fish assemblage structure affected by small-scale spacing and size variations of artificial patch reefs [J]. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 2005, 326 : 170-186.
[105]Justic D, Rabalais N N, Turner R E. Stoichiometric nutrient balance and origin of coastal eutrophication [J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 1995, 30(1): 41-46.
[106]Kaiser M J. The Louisiana artificial reef program [J]. Marine Policy, 2006, 30:605-623.
[107]Karanas J J, Worrest R C, Van Dyke H. Impact of UVB radiation on the fecundity of the copepod Acartia clausii [J]. Marine Biology, 1981, 65 : 125-133.
[108]Kennish R, Wilson K D P, Lo J, et al. Selecting sites for large-scale deployment of artificial reefs in Hong Kong: constraint mapping and prioritization techniques [J]. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 2002, 59 : S164-S170.
[109]Kim C G, Lee J W, Park J S. Artificial reef designs for Korean coastal waters [J]. Bulletin of Marine Science, 1994, 55: 858-886.
[110]Kingston P F. Long-term Environmental Impact of Oil Spills [J]. Spill Science & Technology Bulletin, 2002, 7(1-2): 53-61.
[111]Kouwenberg H M, Browman H I, Runge J A, et al. Biological weighting of ultraviolet (280-400nm) induced mortality in marine zooplankton and fish. Ⅱ. Calanus finmarchicus (Copepoda) eggs [J]. Marine Biology, 1999,134 : 285-293.
[112]Lam K K Y. Hydrography, nutrients and phytoplankton, with special reference to an hypoxic event at an experimental artificial reef at HoiHa Wan, Hongkong [J]. Asian Marine Biology, 1999, 16 : 35-64.
[113]Lam K K Y. Algal and sessile invertebrate recruitment onto an experimental artificial PFA-concrete reef in Hongkong [J]. Asian Marine Biology, 2000, 17 : 55-76.
[114]Lan C H, Chen C C, Hsui C Y. An approach to design spatial configuration of artificial reef ecosystem [J]. Ecological Engineering, 2004, 22 : 217-226.
[115]Lan C H,Hsui C Y.The deployment of artificial reef ecosystem:modelling,simulation and application [J].Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory,2006,14:663-675.
[116]Lancaster J E,Pawson M G,Pickett G D,et al.The Impact of the‘Sea Empress’Oil Spill on Seabass Recruitment [J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,1998,30 (9):677～688.
[117]Lee J W,Kang Y S.Variations of fish community and fish density on artificial reefs [J].Bulletin of Korean Fishries Society,1994,27 (5):535～548.
[118]Leitao F,Santos M N,Erzini K,et al.Fish assemblages and rapid colonization after enlargement of an artificial reef off the Algarve coast (Southern Portugal)[J].Marine Ecology,2008,1～14.
[119]Leitao F,Santos M N,Monteiro C C.Contribution of artificial reefs to the diet of the white sea bream (Diplodus sargus)[J].ICES Journal of Marine Science,2007,64:473～478.
[120]Lillelund K,Lasker R.Laboratory studies of predation by marine copepods on fish larvae [J].Fish Bulletin,1971,69 (3):655～667.
[121]Loh T L,Tanzil J T I,Chou L M.Preliminary study of community development and scleractinian recruitment on fibreglass artificial reef units in the sedimented waters of Singapore [J].Aquatic Conservation:Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems,2006,16:61～76.
[122]L(o|¨)k A,Gül B,Ulas A,et al.Diel Variations on the Fish Assemblages at Artificial Reefs in Two Different Environments of the Aegean Sea (Western Coast of Turkey)[J].Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,2008,8:79～85.
[123]Long E R,Macdonald D D,Smith S L,et al.Incidence of adverse biological effects within ranges of chemical concentrations in marine and estuarine sediments [J].Environmental Management,1995,19(1):81～97.
[124]Malakoff D.Extinction on the high seas [J].Science,1997,277:487～488.
[125]Malloy K D,Holman M A,Mitchell D,et al.Solar UVB induced DNA damage and photoenzymatic DNA repair in Antarctic zooplankton [J].Proceedings of the Natural Academy of Science USA,1997,94:1258～1263.
[126]Martin J H, Fitzwater S E. Iron deficiency limits phytoplankton growth in the north-east pacific subarctic [J]. Nature, 1988, 331 : 341-343.
[127]Martinez M L, Intralawan A, V(?)zquez G, et al. The coasts of our world: Ecological, economic and social importance [J]. Ecological Economics, 2007, 63: 254-272.
[128]Matthews D. Rigs as reefs: creating oases in an undersea desert [J]. Lamp, 1994, 76:27-30.
[129]McLachlan A, Cockcroft A C, Malan D E. Benthic faunal response to a high energy gradient [J]. Marine Ecology Progresss Series, 1984, 16 : 51-63.
[130]Metz S, Trefry J H. Trace metal considerations in experimental oil ash reefs [J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 1988, 19 : 633-636.
[131]Miao Z Q, Xie Y H. Effects of water-depth on hydrodynamic force of artificial reef [J]. Journal of Hydrodynamics (Series B), 2007, 19 (3): 372-377.
[132]Moberg F, Ronnback P. Ecosystem services of the tropical seascape: interactions, substitutions and restoration [J]. Ocean & Coastal Management, 2003, 46 : 27-46.
[133]Moreno I, Roca I, Ren(?)ones O, et al. Artificial reef program in Balearic waters (western Mediterranean) 1994[J]. Bulletin of Marine Science, 1994, 55(2/3) : 667-671.
[134]Morrisey D J, Howitt L, Underwood A J. Spatial variation in soft-sediment benthos [J]. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 1992, 81 : 197-204.
[135]Moschella P S, Abbiati M, Aberg P, et al. Low-crested coastal defence structures as artificial habitats for marine life: using ecological criteria in design [J]. Coastal Engineering, 2005, 52 : 1053-1071.
[136]Moura A, Boaventura D, Curdia J, et al. Effect of depth and reef structure on early macrobenthic communities of the Algarve artificial reefs (southern Portugal) [J]. Hydrobiologia, 2007, 580 : 173-180.
[137]Muller G. Index of geoaccumulation in sediments of the Rhine River [J]. Geojournal, 1969, 2 : 108-118.
[138]Myatt D O, Myatt E N, Figley W K. New Jersey Tire Reef Stability Study [J].Buletin of Marine Science,1989,44 (2):807～817.
[139]Nelson W G,Navratil P M,Savercool D M,et al.Short-term effects of stabilized oil ash reefs on the marine benthos [J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,1988,19:623～627.
[140]Ogawa S,Takeuchi R,Hattori H.An estimate for the optimum size of artificial reefs [J].Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Fisheries Oceanography,1977,30:39-45.
[141]Omar RMNR,Kean C E,Wagiman S,et al.Design and construction of artificial reefs in Malaysia [J].Bulletin of Marine Science,1994,55 (2/3):1050～1061.
[142]Parsons M L,Walsh W J,Settlemier C J,et al.A multivariate assessment of the coral ecosystem health of two embayments on the lee of the island of Hawaii [J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2008,56:1138～1149.
[143]Partridge B L,Pitcher T J.The sensory basis of fish schools:relative roles of lateral line and vision [J].Journal of Comparative Physiology,1980,135:315～325.
[144]Paul N A,Nys R.Promise and pitfalls of locally abundant seaweeds as biofilters for integrated aquaculture [J].Aquaculture,2008,281:49～55.
[145]Pearson T H,Rosenberg R.Macrobenthic succession in relation to organic enrichment and pollution of the marine environment [J].Oceanography and Marine Biology:An Annual Review,1978,16:229～311.
[146]Pendleton L H.Creating underwater value:the economic value of artificial reefs for recreational diving[R].The San Diego Oceans Foundation.2004.
[147]Perkol-Finkel S,Benayahu Y.Recruitment of benthic organisms onto a planned artificial reef:shifts in community structure one decade post-deployment [J].Marine Environmental Research,2005,59:79～99.
[148]Picken G B.The environmental implications of decommissioning North Sea oil and gas platforms [J].Marine Environment Management,1994,1 (18):73～76.
[149]Pickering H.Artificial reefs of bulk waste materials:a scientific and legal review of the suitability of using the cement stabilised by-products of coal-fired power stations [J]. Marine Policy, 1996,20 (6): 483-497.
[150]Pickering H, Whitmarsh D, Jensen A C. Artificial reefs as a tool to aid rehabilitation of coastal ecosystems: Investigating the potential [J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 1998, 37 : 505-514.
[151]Pielou E C. An introduction to mathematical ecology[M]. New York: Wiley-interscience, 1969, 1-286.
[152]Pitcher T J, Buchary E A, Hutton T. Forecasting the benefits of no-take human-made reefs using spatial ecosystem simulation [J]. ICES Journal of Marine Sciene,2002,59:S17-S26.
[153]Pollard D A. Artificial habitats for fisheries enhancement in the Australian region [J]. Marine Fisheries Review, 1989, 1 (4): 11-28.
[154]Poornima E H, Rajadurai M, Rao T S, et al. Impact of thermal discharge from a tropical coastal power plant on phytoplankton [J]. Journal of Thermal Biology, 2005, 30:307-316.
[155]Pope D L, Moslow T F, Wagner J B. Geological and technological assessment of artificial reef sites, Louisiana Outer Continental Shelf [J]. Ocean & Coastal Management, 1993, 20 : 121-145.
[156]Pratt J R. Artificial habitats and ecosystem restoration: managing for the future [J]. Bulletin of Marine Science, 1994, 55 : 268-275.
[157]Prins T C, Escaravage V, Smaal A C, et al. Functional and structural changes in the pelagic system induced by bivalve grazing in marine mesocosms [J].Water Science and Technology, 1995,32 (4): 183-185.
[158]Qian P Y, Rittschof D, Sreedhar B. Macrofouling in unidirectional flow: miniature pipes as experimental models for studying the interaction of flow and surface characteristics on the attachment of barnacle, bryozoan and polychaete larvae [J]. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 2000,207 :109-121.
[159]Ramos J, Santos M N, Whitmarsh D, et al. Stakeholder perceptions regarding the environmental and socio-economic impacts of the Algarve artificial reefs [J]. Hydrobiologia, 2007, 580 : 181-191.
[160]Randall J E.An analysis of the fish populations of artificial and natural reefs in the Virgin Islands [J].Carribean Journal of Science,1963,3:31～47.
[161]Rapport D J.What constitutes ecosystem health [J].Perspectives in Biology and Medicine,1989,33:120～132.
[162]Rapport D J,Bohm G,Buckingham D,et al.Ecosystem health:the concept,the ISEH,and the important tasks ahead [J].Ecosystem Health,1999,5:82～90.
[163]Redfield A C.The biological control of chemical factors in the environment [J].Journal of American Science,1958,46:205～221.
[164]Relini G,Moretti S.Artificial reef and Posidonia bed protection off Loano (western Ligurian Riviera)[J].FAO Fisheries Report,1986,357:104～108.
[165]Relini G,Orsi-Relini L.Artificial reefs in the Ligurian sea (Northwestern Mediterranean):aims and results [J].Bulletin of Marine Science,1989,44:743～751.
[166]Relini G,Relini M,Torchia G,et al.Ten years of censuses of fish fauna on the Loano artificial reef [J].ICES Journal of Marine Science,2002,59:S132～S137.
[167]Relini G,Relini M,Palandri G,et al.History,ecology and trends for artificial reefs of the Ligurian sea,Italy [J].Hydrobiologia,2007,580:193～217.
[168]Relini M,Torchia G,Relini G.Seasonal variation of fish assemblages in the Loano artificial reef (Ligurian Sea North-Western Mediterranean)[J].Bulletin of Marine Science,1994,55:401～417.
[169]Rhee G Y.Effects of N:P atomic ratios and nitrate limitation on algae growth,cell composition and nitrate uptake [J].Liminology and Oceanography,1978,23:10～25.
[170]Rilov G,Benayahu Y.Vertical artificial structures as an alternative habitat for coral reef fishes in disturbed environments [J].Marine Environmental Research,1998,45:431～451.
[171]Rilov G,Benayahu Y.Fish assemblage on natural versus vertical artificial reefs:the rehabilitation perspective [J].Marine Biology,2000,136:931～942.
[172]Rizzo W M.Nutrient exchanges between the water column and a subtidal benthic microalgal community [J].Estuaries,1990,13 (3):219～226.
[173]Robertson D R,Sheldon J M.Competitive interactions and the availability of sleeping sites for a diurnal coral reef fish [J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,1979,40:285～298.
[174]Robinson J E,Newell R C,Seiderer L J,et al.Impacts of aggregate dredging on sediment composition and associated benthic fauna at an offshore dredge site in the southern North Sea [J].Marine Environmental Research,2005,60:51～68.
[175]Rooker J R,Dokken Q R,Pattengill C V,et al.Fish assemblages on artificial and natural reefs in the Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary,USA [J].Coral Reefs,1997,16:83～92.
[176]Rounsefell G A.Ecological effects of offshore construction [J].Journal of Marine Science,1972,2(1):1～119.
[177]Rountree R A.Association of fishes with fish aggregation devices:effect of structure size on fish abundance [J].Buletin of Marine Science,1989,44:960～972.
[178]Rvetto G,Gaudy R,Pagano M.Influence of salinity on the distribution of Acartia tonsa [J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,1999,239 (1):33～45.
[179]Ryther J H.Photosynthesis and fish production in the sea [J].Science,1969,166:72～76.
[180]Saito H,Taguchi S.Influence of UVB radiation on hatching success of marine copepod Paracalanus Parvus [J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,2003,282:135～147.
[181]Sampaolo A,Relini G.Coal ash for artificial habitats in Italy [J].Bulletin of Marine Science,1994,55 (2-3):1277～1294.
[182]Santos M N,Monteiro C C.The Olhao artificial reef system (south Portugal):Fish assemblages and fishing yield [J].Fisheries Research,1997,30:33～41.
[183]Santos M N,Monteiro C C.Comparison of the catch and fishing yield from an artificial reef system and neighbouring areas off Faro (Algarve,south Portugal)[J].Fisheries Research,1998,39:55～65.
[184]Santos M N,Monteiro C C,Gaspar M B.Diurnal variations in the fish assemblage at an artificial reef [J].ICES Journal of Marine Science,2002,59:32～35.
[185]Santos M N,Monteiro C C,Lasserre G.Observations and trends on the intra-annual variation of the fish assemblages on two artificial reefs in Algarve coastal waters (Southern Portugal)[J].Scientia Marina,2005,69 (3):415～426.
[186]Santos M N,Monteiro C C.A fourteen-year overview of the fish assemblages and yield of the two oldest Algarve artificial reefs (southern Portugal)[J].Hydrobiologia,2007,580:225～231.
[187]Schaeffer D J,Cox D K.Establishing ecosystem threshold criteria [A].In:Costanza R,Norton B,Haskell B.Ecosystem health-New goals for environmental management[C].Washington DC:Island press.1992.
[188]Scheffer M,Carpenter S,Young B.Cascading effects of overfishing marine systems [J].Trends in Ecology and Evolution,2005,20 (11):579～581.
[189]Schroeder R E.Effects of patch size and isolation on coral reef fish recruitment [J].Bulletin of Marine Science,1987,41:441-451.
[190]SCOR-UNESCO.Monographs on oceanographic methodology[M].UNESCO,1966,69.
[191]Seaman W.What if everyone thought about reefs [J]? Fisheries,1997,22:4～5.
[192]Seaman W,Buckley R M,Polovina J J.Advances in knowledge and priorities for research,technology and management related to artificial aquatic habitats [J].Bulletin of Marine Science,1989,44:527～532.
[193]Seaman W,Lindberg W J,Gilbert C R,et al.Fish habitat provided by obsolete petroleum platforms off southern Florida [J].Bulletin of Marine Science,1989,44:1014～1022.
[194]Seaman W.Coastal artificial habitats for fishery and environmental management and scientific advancement[A].In:Tsukamoto K,Kawamura T,Takeuchi T,et al.eds.Fisheries for global welfare and environment[C],5~(th)World Fisheries Congress,2008,335～349.
[195]Shannon C E,Wiener W.The mathematical theory of communication[M].Illinios University Press,Urbana,Illinios,1963,1～125.
[196]Sheehy D J.Fisheries development:Japan [J].Water Spectrum,1979, 12(1):1~9.
[197]Sherman R L,Gillian D S,Spieler R E.Artificial reef design:void space,complexity,and attractants [J].Journal of Marine Science,2002,59:196～200.
[198]Shieh C S,Duedall I W.Chemical behavior of stabilized oil ash reef at sea [J].Bulletin of Marine Science,1994,55:1295～1302.
[199]Solonsky A C.Fish colonization and the effect of fishing activities on two artificial reefs in Monterey Bay,California [J].Bulletin of Marine Science,1985,37:336～347.
[200]Souter D.Overexploitation of fisheries—a global problem[N].Global International Waters Assessment Newsletter.2002.
[201]Spanier E.What are the characteristics of a good artificial reef for lobsters [J]? Crustaceana,1994,67 (2):173～186.
[202]Spanier E,Tom M,Pisanty S,et al.Artificial habitat for fisheries in the south-eastern Mediterranean:a model for low productive marine environments [J].Bulletin of Marine Science,1989,44 (2):1070.
[203]Stephens J,Pondela D.Larval productivity of a mature artificial reef:the ichthyoplankton of King Harbor,California [J].ICES Journal of Marine Science,2002,59:S51～S58.
[204]Stobutzki I C,Silvestre G T,Talib A A,et al.Decline of demersal coastal fisheries resources in three developing Asian countries [J].Fisheries Research,2006,78:130～142.
[205]Stone R B.Artificial reefs and fishery management [J].Fisheries,1978,3:2～4.
[206]Su D T,Liu T L,Ou C H.Numerical investigation into effects of seabed topography on flows in and around artificial reefs [J].Fisheries Science,2008,74:236～254.
[207]Sutton S G,Bushnell S L.Socio-economic aspects of artificial reefs:Considerations for the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park [J].Ocean & Coastal Management,2007,50:829～846.
[208]Svane I B,Petersen J K.On the problems of epibiosis,fouling and artificial reefs,a review [J].Marine Ecology,2001,33:169～188.
[209]Terry K L,Laws E A,Burns D J.Growth rate variation in the N:P requirement ratio of phytoplankton [J].Journal of Phycology,1985,21:323～329.
[210]Tett P,Heaney S I,Droop M R.The redfield ratio and phytoplankton growth rate [J].Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the UK,1985,65:487～504.
[211]Tews J,Brose U,Grimm V,et al.Animal species diversity driven by habitat heterogeneity/diversity:the importance of keystone structures [J].Journal of Biogeography,2004,31:79～92.
[212]Tseng C T,Chen S C,Huang C S,et al.GIS-assisted site selection for artificial reefs [J].Fisheries Science,2001,67:1015～1022.
[213]Turner J T.Zooplankton feeding ecology:A laboratory studies of predation on fish eggs and larvae by the copepods Anomalocera ornata and Centropages typicus [J].Marine Biology,1985,90:1～8.
[214]Tweddle J F,Simpson J H,Janzen C D.Physical controls of food supply to benthic filter feeders in the Menai Strait,UK [J].Marine Ecology Progress Series,2005,289:79-88.
[215]Valiela I,Bowen J L,York J K.Mangrove forests:one of the world's threatened major tropical environments [J].Bioscience,2001,51(10):807～815.
[216]Vanni M J.Effects of nutrients and zooplankton size on the structure of a phytoplankton community [J].Ecology,1987,68:624～635.
[217]Vetter R D.UV effects on pelagic fish eggs and larvae:the‘one bad day’ hypothesis [J].Limnology and Oceanography,1997,42:432.
[218]Vicente M,Falcaoa M,Santosa M N,et al.Environmental assessment of two artificial reef systems off southern Portugal (Faro and Olhao):A question of location[J].Continental Shelf Research,2008,28:839-847
[219]Vincent W F,Roy S.Solar ultraviolet-B radiation and aquatic primary production:damage,protection and recovery [J].Environmental Reviews,1993,1:1～12.
[220]Vose F E,Nelson W G.Gray triggerfish (Batistes capriscus Gmelin) feeding from artificial and natural substrate in shallow Atlantic waters of Florida [J].Bulletin of Marine Science,1994,55:1316～1323.
[221]Vose F E,Nelson W G.An Assessment of the Use of Stabilized Coal and Oil Ash for Construction of Artificial Fishing Reefs:Comparison of Fishes Observed on Small Ash and Concrete Reefs [J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,1998,36 (12):980～988.
[222]Waldichuk M.Incineration at sea and artificial reefs:options for marine waste disposal [J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,1988,19:589～593.
[223]Wang Y S,Lou Z P,Sun C C,et al.Ecological environment changes in Daya Bay,China,from 1982 to 2004[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2008,56:1871-1879.
[224]Wang Z Y,Yan W,Chi J S,et al.Spatial and vertical distribution of organochlorine pesticides in sediments from Daya Bay,South China[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2008,56:1578-1585.
[225]Warwick R M.A new method for detecting pollution effects on marine macrobenthic communities [J].Marine Biology,1986,92:557～562.
[226]Wehde H,Backhaus J O,Hegseth E N.The influence of oceanic convection in primary production [J].Ecological Modelling,2001,138:115～126.
[227]Wells P G.Assessing health of the Bay of Fundy—concepts and framework [J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2003,46:1059～1077.
[228]West J E,Buckley R M,Doty D C.Ecology and habitat use of juvenile rockflshes (Sebastes spp.)associated with artificial reefs in Puget Sound,Washington [J].Bulletin of Marine Science,1994,55 (2/3):344～350.
[229]Whitmarsh D,Santos M N,Ramos J,et al.Marine habitat modification through artificial reefs off the Algarve (southern Portugal):An economic analysis of the fisheries and the prospects for management [J].Ocean & Coastal Management,2008,51:463～468.
[230]Wilding T A.The benthic impacts of the Loch Linnhe Artificial Reefy].Hydrobiologia,2006,555:345-353.
[231]Wilhelmsson D,Ohman M C,Stahl H,et al.Artificial reefs and dive tourism in Eilat, Israel [J]. Ambio, 1998,27 : 764-766.
[232]Woodhead P M J, Parker J H, Duedall I W. The coal-waste artificial reef project (C-WARP): a new resource potential for fishing reef construction [J]. Marine Fisheries Review, 1982,44 :16-23.
[233]Xu F L, Lam K C, Zhao Z Y, et al. Marine coastal ecosystem health assessment : a case study of the Tolo Harbor, Hong Kong , China [J]. Ecological Modelling, 2004,173 (4): 355-370.
[234]Zhou J L, Maskaoui K. Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water and surface sediments from Daya Bay, China[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2003, 121:269-281.
[235]Zhou M J, Li J, Luckas B, et al. A recent shellfish toxin investigation in China [J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 1999,39 : 331-334.
[236]白景锋,欧维新.盐城海岸带湿地生态经济价值评估[J].安徽农业科学,2008,36(3):1181-1184.
[237]毕洪生.胶州湾环境对底栖生物的影响[J].海洋科学,1997,(1):37-40.
[238]蔡秉及.大亚湾浮游幼虫的丰度[A].见:国家海洋局第三海洋研究所,大亚湾海洋生态文集(Ⅱ)[C].北京:海洋出版社,1990,232-236.
[239]蔡秉及.大亚湾枝角类的丰度[A].见:国家海洋局第三海洋研究所,大亚湾海洋生态文集(Ⅱ)[C].北京:海洋出版社,1990,369-373.
[240]蔡东生.大亚湾毛颚类的生态[J].南海研究与开发,1989,(3):19-30.
[241]陈峰,杨宝华,宋文隆.大亚湾表层沉积物的粒度结构与沉积环境[A].见:国家海洋局第三海洋研究所,大亚湾海洋生态文集(Ⅰ)[C].北京:海洋出版社,1989,7-13.
[242]陈丕茂.中山海域浮式试验鱼礁效果研究[J].湛江海洋大学学报,2005,25(3):85-89.
[243]陈其焕,庄亮种,陈兴群,等.大亚湾叶绿素a与初级生产力[A].大亚湾海洋生态文集(Ⅱ)[C].北京:海洋出版社,1990,198-209.
[244]陈清潮,黄良民,尹健强,等.南沙群岛海区浮游动物多样性研究[A].南沙群岛及其邻近海区海洋生物多样性研究Ⅰ[C].北京:海洋出版社,1994,42-50.
[245]陈伟琪,张珞平,洪华生,等.近岸海域环境容量的价值及其价值量评 估初探[J].厦门大学学报(自然科学版),1999,38(6):896-901.
[246]陈雪梅,尹健强,张谷贤,等.浮游动物[A].见:徐恭昭,等.大亚湾环境与资源.合肥:安徽科学技术出版社.1989,175-192.
[247]陈勇,刘晓丹,吴晓郁,等.不同结构模型礁对许氏平鲉幼鱼的诱集效果[J].大连水产学院学报,2006,21(2):153－157.
[248]陈勇,吴晓郁,邵丽萍,等.模型礁对幼鲍、幼海胆行为的影响[J].大连水产学院学报,2006,21(4):361-365.
[249]陈勇,于长清,张国胜,等.人工鱼礁的环境功能与集鱼效果[J].大连水产学院学报,2002,17(1):64-69.
[250]陈真然,魏淑珍.浮性鱼卵和仔稚鱼[A].见:徐恭昭,等.大亚湾环境与资源.合肥:安徽科学技术出版社,1989,209-231
[251]陈铮.南澳岛东北水域人工鱼礁区的鱼类和渔获效益[J].热带海洋,1989,8(3):82-89.
[252]陈仲新,张新时.中国生态系统效益的价值[J].科学通报,2000,45(1):17-22.
[253]戴燕玉.大亚湾毛颚类的分布[A].见:国家海洋局第三海洋研究所,大亚湾海洋生态文集(Ⅰ)[C].北京:海洋出版社,1989,117-122.
[254]邓显明,陶春辉,孙春岩,等.侧扫声呐和浅地层剖面仪在人工鱼礁选址和监测中的应用[A].中国地球物理学会第22届年会论文集[C],2006,33.
[255]董双林,王芳,王俊,等.海湾栉孔扇贝对海水浮游生物和水质的影响[J].海洋学报,1999,21(6):138-143.
[256]杜飞雁,李纯厚,廖秀丽,等.大亚湾海域浮游动物生物量变化特征[J].海洋环境科学,2006,25(1):37-39.
[257]杜飞雁,张汉华,李纯厚,等.大亚湾大型底栖动物种类组成及物种多样性[J].中国水产科学,2008,15(2):252-259.
[258]费尊乐,毛兴华,朱明远,等.渤海生产力研究Ⅰ.叶绿素a、初级生产力与渔业资源开发潜力[J].海洋水产研究,1991,17:55-70.
[259]冯蕾,肖慧,孟祥红.UV-B辐射增强对褶皱臂尾轮虫实验种群动态的影响[J].武汉大学学报(理学版),2006,52(2):225-229.
[260]国家海洋局.1999年中国海洋统计年鉴[Z].北京:海洋出版社,2000.
[261]国家海洋局.中国海洋统计年鉴[Z].北京:海洋出版社,2002,61-80.
[262]郭金富,李茂照,余勉余.广东海岛海域海洋生物和渔业资源[M].广州:广东科技出版社,1994.
[263]郭卫东,章小明,杨逸萍,等.中国近岸海域潜在性富营养化程度的评价[J].台湾海峡,1998,17(1):64-70.
[264]韩维栋,高秀梅,卢昌义,等.中国红树林生态系统生态价值评估[J].生态科学,2000,19(1):40-46.
[265]黄邦钦,洪华生,柯林,等.珠江口分粒级叶绿素a和初级生产力研究[J].海洋学报,2005,27(6):180-186.
[266]黄洪辉,王肇鼎,张正斌,等.大亚湾生态系秋季叶绿素a和营养盐分布的分区研究初探[J].海洋通报,1999,18(6):32-38.
[267]黄剑霞.大亚湾沉积物有机质、Eh、Mdφ的分布和氧化-还原沉积环境的划分[A].见:国家海洋局第三海洋研究所,大亚湾海洋生态文集(Ⅰ)[C].北京:海洋出版社,1989,14-18.
[268]黄良民,袁文彬.水域生产力[A].见:徐恭昭,等.大亚湾环境与资源[C].合肥:安徽科学技术出版社,1989,115-140.
[269]黄雄.人工鱼礁发展概况[J].海岸工程,1989,8(8):69-74.
[270]黄惟灏,韦肖杭,姚伟忠,等.采砂业对渔业生态环境及资源的影响——西苕溪安吉段渔业资源调查[J].宁波大学学报(理工版),2002,15(3):28-32.
[271]黄宗国.海洋生物学辞典[M].北京:海洋出版社,2002,4.
[272]贾建三.英汉渔业词典[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1995.
[273]贾晓平,杜飞雁,林钦,等.海洋渔业生态环境质量状况综合评价方法探讨[J].中国水产科学,2003,10(2):160-164.
[274]江锦祥,蔡尔西,吴启泉,等.大亚湾底栖生物的种类组成和数量分布[A].见:国家海洋局第三海洋研究所,大亚湾海洋生态文集(Ⅱ)[C].北京:海洋出版社,1990,237-247.
[275]江锦祥,李荣冠,郑凤武,等.大亚湾底栖动物群落结构分析[A].见:国家海洋局第三海洋研究所,大亚湾海洋生态文集(Ⅱ)[C].北京:海洋出版社,1990,282-289.
[276]雷宗友.海洋牧场[M].上海:少年儿童出版社,1979.
[277]李纯厚,贾晓平,蔡文贵.南海北部浮游动物多样性研究[J].中国水产科学,2004,11(2):139-146.
[278]李学杰.广东大亚湾底质重金属分布特征与环境质量评价[J].中国地质,2003,30(4):429-435.
[279]李亚楠,张燕,马成东.我国海洋灾害经济损失评估模型研究[J].海洋环境科学,2000,19(3):60-63.
[280]李仲钦,陈寇平.南海近岸水质量状况和变化趋势[J].南海研究与开发,1998,1:15-23.
[281]连光山,蔡秉及,林玉辉,等.大亚湾浮游动物生物量和密度的分布[A].见:国家海洋局第三海洋研究所,大亚湾海洋生态文集(Ⅱ)[C].北京:海洋出版社,1990,221-231.
[282]连光山,林玉辉,蔡秉及,等.大亚湾浮游动物群落的特征[A].见:国家海洋局第三海洋研究所,大亚湾海洋生态文集(Ⅱ)[C].北京:海洋出版社,1990,274-281.
[283]廖秀丽,李纯厚,杜飞雁,等.2003-2005年大亚湾水螅水母类生态研究[J].海洋环境科学,2006,25(增刊1):48-51.
[284]廖秀丽,李纯厚,杜飞雁,等.大亚湾桡足类的生态学研究[J]。南方水产,2006,2(4):46-53.
[285]林光纪.人工鱼礁物品经济学特性[J].福建水产,2005,(2):6-10.
[286]林茂.大亚湾水母类的分类和区系[A].见:国家海洋局第三海洋研究所,大亚湾海洋生态文集(Ⅰ)[C].北京:海洋出版社,1989,59-65.
[287]林茂.大亚湾海樽类生态的研究[A].见:国家海洋局第三海洋研究所,大亚湾海洋生态文集(Ⅱ)[C].北京:海洋出版社,1990,390-396.
[288]林盛,黄宗国.大亚湾核电站进水口水域糠虾的生态[A].见:国家海洋局第三海洋研究所,大亚湾海洋生态文集(Ⅰ)[C].北京:海洋出版社,1989,141-147.
[289]林盛,黄宗国.大亚湾核电站进水口樱虾类的生态[A].见:国家海洋局第三海洋研究所,大亚湾海洋生态文集(Ⅱ)[C].北京:海洋出版社,1990,374-379.
[290]林双淡,庄世德,王志远.大亚湾鱼类区系特征[A].见:国家海洋局第 三海洋研究所,大亚湾海洋生态文集(Ⅰ)[C].北京:海洋出版社,1989,153-165.
[291]林永水,袁文彬.浮游植物[A].见:徐恭昭,等.大亚湾环境与资源[M].合肥:安徽科学技术出版社.1989,162-175.
[292]林昭进.浮性鱼卵和仔稚鱼[A].见:大亚湾海岛资源综合调查报告[C].广州:广东科技出版社,1993,97-101.
[293]林昭进,詹海刚.大亚湾核电站温排水对邻近水域鱼卵、仔鱼的影响[J].热带海洋,2000,19(1):44-51.
[294]刘惠飞.日本人工鱼礁研究开发的最新动向[J].渔业现代化,2002,(1):25-27.
[295]刘金霞,王琦,谷德贤.不同材料类型人工鱼礁建设的经济效益浅析[J].河北渔业,2008,(6):3-6.
[296]刘舜斌,汪振华,林良伟,等.嵊泗人工鱼礁建设初期效果评价[J].上海水产大学学报,2007,16(3):297-302.
[297]刘思俭.广东省应大力发展海洋牧业[J].湛江水产学院学报,1995,15(2):1-3.
[298]刘伟,刘百桥.我国围填海现状、问题及调控对策[J].广州环境科学,2008,23(2):26-30.
[299]刘秀民,张怀慧,罗迈威.利用粉煤灰和碱渣制作人工鱼礁的研究[J].建筑材料学报,2007,10(5):622-626.
[300]卢振斌,戴泉水,颜尤明.台湾海峡及其邻近海域渔业资源生产力和最大持续产量[J].中国水产科学,2002.9(1):28-32.
[301]卢振彬,杜琦,许翠娅.福建泉州湾贝类养殖容量评估[J].热带海洋学报,2005,24(4):22-29.
[302]苗丽娟.围填海造成的生态环境损失评估方法初探[J].环境与可持续发展,2007,(1):27-29.
[303]欧阳志云,等.生态系统服务功能、生态价值与可持续发展[J].世界科技研究与发展,2000,22(5):45-50.
[304]潘灵芝,林军,章守宇.铅直二维定常流中人工鱼礁流场效应的数值实验[J].上海水产大学学报,2005,14(4):406-412.
[305]潘文斌,唐涛,邓红兵,等.湖泊生态系统服务功能评估——以湖北 保安湖为例[J].应用生态学报,2002,13(10):1315-1318.
[306]彭云辉,孙丽华,陈浩如,等.大亚湾海区营养盐的变化及富营养化研究[J].海洋通报,2002,21(3):44-49.
[307]钱宏林,梁松,齐雨藻.赤潮与厄尔尼诺关系的讨论[J].暨南大学学报(自然科学版),1991,12(3):112-116.
[308]丘耀文.大亚湾营养物质变异特征[J].海洋学报,2001,23(1):85-93.
[309]丘耀文,王肇鼎.大亚湾海域重金属潜在生态危害评价[J].热带海洋,1997,16(4):49-53.
[310]丘耀文,王肇鼎,朱良生.大亚湾海域营养盐与叶绿素含量的变化趋势及其对生态环境的影响[J].台湾海峡,2005,24(2):131-139.
[311]曲克明,陈碧娟,袁有宪,等.氮、磷营养盐影响海水浮游硅藻种群组成的初步研究[J].应用生态学报,2000,11(3):445-448.
[312]曲维政,邓声贵.灾难性的海洋石油污染[J].自然灾害学报,2001,2(1):69-74.
[313]任先秋.香港及大亚湾邻近水域的钩虾类(甲壳动物:端足目)[J].海洋科学集刊,1994,35:249-271.
[314]沈国英,施并章.海洋生态学[M].厦门:厦门大学出版社,1990.
[315]沈寿彭.底栖生物[A].见:徐恭昭,等.大亚湾环境与资源[M].合肥:安徽科学技术出版社,1989,193-208.
[316]石洪华,郑伟,丁德文,等.典型海洋生态系统服务功能及价值评估——以桑沟湾为例[J].海洋环境科学,2008,27(2):101-104.
[317]孙翠慈,王友绍,孙松,等.大亚湾浮游植物群落特征[J].生态学报,2006,26(12):3948-3958.
[318]孙军,刘东艳,徐俊,等.1999年春季渤海中部及其邻近海域的网采浮游植物群落[J].生态学报,2004,24(9):2003-2016.
[319]孙丽华,王肇鼎,彭云辉.大亚湾海域海水中各种形态磷的研究[J].海洋环境科学,2002,21(4):19-23.
[320]孙满昌.渔具渔法选择性[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2004,109-110.
[321]唐明,赵金波.高性能海水养殖鲍鱼专用人工礁石的研究[J].混凝土,2003,(2):3-6.
[322]唐衍力,王磊,梁振林,等.方型人工鱼礁水动力性能试验研究[J].中国海洋大学学报,2007,37(5):713-716.
[323]田涛,张秀梅,张沛东,等.防海胆食害藻礁的设计及实验研究[J].中国海洋大学学报,2008,38(1):68-72.
[324]王飞,张硕,丁天明.舟山海域人工鱼礁选址基于AHP的权重因子评价[J].海洋学研究,2008,26(1):65-71.
[325]王磊,黄洪亮,唐衍力.关于人工鱼礁的基本设计与管理问题的探讨[J].现代渔业信息,2008,23(4):18-20.
[326]王丽荣,赵焕庭.珊瑚礁生态系统服务及其价值评估[J].生态学杂志,2006,25(11):1384-1389.
[327]王淼,胡本强,辛万光,等.我国海洋环境污染的现状、成因与治理[J].中国海洋大学学报(社会科学版),2006,(5):1-6.
[328]王素琴.人工鱼礁受力分析与设计要点[J].大连水产学院学报,1987,7(1):55-62.
[329]王伟定,徐汉祥,潘国良,等.浙江沿岸休闲生态型人工鱼礁初选点底质类型分析及承载力的计算方法[J].浙江海洋学院学报(自然科学版),2006,25(2):119-123.
[330]王伟定,徐汉祥,潘国良,等.浙江省休闲生态型人工鱼礁建设现状与展望[J].浙江海洋学院学报,2007,26(1):22-27.
[331]王小平,蔡文贵,林钦,等.大亚湾水域营养盐的分布变化[J].海洋湖沼通报,1996,(4):20-27.
[332]王友绍,王肇鼎,黄良民.近20年来大亚湾生态环境的变化及其发展趋势[J].热带海洋学报,2004,23(5):85-95.
[333]王增焕,李纯厚,贾晓平.应用初级生产力估算南海北部的渔业资源量[J].海洋水产研究,2005,26(3):9-15.
[334]王肇鼎,练健生,胡建兴,等.大亚湾生态环境的退化现状与特征[J].生态科学,2003,22(4):313-320.
[335]王志远.1990.大亚湾的浮性鱼卵和仔、稚鱼[A].见:国家海洋局第三海洋研究所.大亚湾海洋生态文集(Ⅱ)[C].北京:海洋出版社,248-254.
[336]韦敬辉.香港人工鱼礁与岩礁鱼类[M].香港:天地图书有限公司, 2003.
[337]吴健,黄沈发,杨泽生.热排放对水生生态系统的影响及其缓解对策[J].环境科学与技术,2006,29(增刊):127-129.
[338]吴玲玲,陆健健,童春富,等.长江口湿地生态系统服务功能价值的评估[J].长江流域资源与环境,2003,12(5):411-416.
[339]吴启泉,蔡尔西,何明海.厦门港湾海洋环境综合调查报告[J].台湾海峡,1988,7(1):17-35.
[340]吴荣军,吕瑞华,朱明远,等.海水混合和层化对叶绿素a垂直分布的影响[J].生态环境,2004,13(4):515-519.
[341]吴姗姗,刘容子,齐连明,等.渤海海域生态系统服务功能价值评估[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2008,18(2):65-69.
[342]吴子岳,孙满昌,汤威.十字型人工鱼礁礁体的水动力计算[J].海洋水产研究,2003,24(4):32-35.
[343]夏建荣.大气CO_2浓度升高对海洋浮游植物影响的研究进展[J].湛江海洋大学学报,2006,26(3):106-110.
[344]夏雪岭.南戴河海域人工鱼礁增养殖海参技术[J].河北渔业,2007,(12):26-27.
[345]徐丛春,韩增林.海洋生态系统服务价值的估算框架构筑[J].生态经济,2003,(10):199-202.
[346]徐洪科.泥底质海区人工鱼礁的效果[J].浙江水产学院学报,1990,9(1):35-42.
[347]徐惠州.大亚湾棘皮动物的种类组成与数量分布[A].见:国家海洋局第三海洋研究所,大亚湾海洋生态文集(Ⅰ)[C].北京:海洋出版社,1989,148-151.
[348]杨宝清,王树田,王熙杰,等.山东省人工鱼礁建设情况调查报告[J].齐鲁渔业,2007,24(5):19-22.
[349]杨建强,崔文林,张洪亮,等.莱州湾西部海域海洋生态系统健康评价的结构功能指标法[J].海洋通报,2003,22(5):58-63.
[350]杨红,刘广平.长江口生态系统服务功能价值评估[J].海洋环境科学,2008,27(6):624-628.
[351]杨吝,刘同渝,黄汝堪.中国人工鱼礁理论与实践[M].广州:广东科 技出版社,2005.
[352]杨吝,刘同渝,黄汝堪.人工鱼礁建设实绩考察[J].现代渔业信息,2005,20(11):6-8.
[353]杨吝,刘同渝,黄汝堪.人工鱼礁的起源和历史[J].现代渔业信息,2005,20(12):5-8.
[354]杨清良.大亚湾浮游植物的种类组成和分布[A].见:国家海洋局第三海洋研究所,大亚湾海洋生态文集(Ⅱ)[C].北京:海洋出版社,1990,210-220.
[355]杨清良.大亚湾浮游植物群落的生态特征[A].见:国家海洋局第三海洋研究所,大亚湾海洋生态文集(Ⅱ)[C].北京:海洋出版社,1990,266-273.
[356]杨清伟,蓝崇钰,辛琨.广东-海南海岸带生态系统服务价值评估[J].海洋环境科学,2003,22(4):25-29.
[357]杨宇峰,宋金明,林小涛,等.大型海藻栽培及其在近海环境的生态作用[J].海洋环境科学,2005,24(2):77-80.
[358]叶属峰,刘星,丁德文.长江河口海域生态系统健康评价指标体系及其初步评价[J].海洋学报,2007,29(4):128-136.
[359]易建生.台湾人工鱼礁的发展现状[J].南海研究与开发,1993,9(1):27-33.
[360]虞聪达,俞存根,严世强.人工船礁铺设模式优选方法研究[J].海洋与湖沼,2004,35(4):299-305.
[361]袁建军,谢嘉华.海洋生态环境污染研究概况[J].生物学通报,2001,36(5):6-8.
[362]曾炳光,张进上,陈冠贤,等.南海区渔业资源调查和区划[M].广州:广东科技出版社,2005,107-108.
[363]张朝晖,周骏,吕吉斌,等.海洋生态系统服务的内涵与特点[J].海洋环境科学,2007,26(3):259-263.
[364]张朝晖,吕吉斌,叶属峰,等.桑沟湾海洋生态系统的服务价值[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(11):2540-2547.
[365]张朝晖,吕吉斌,丁德文.海洋生态系统服务的分类与计量[J].海岸工程,2007,26(1):57-63.
[366]张虎,刘培廷,汤建华,等.海州湾人工鱼礁大型底栖生物调查[J]. 海洋渔业,2008,30(2):97-104.
[367]张虎,朱孔文,汤建华.海州湾人工鱼礁养护资源效果初探[J].海洋渔业,2005,27(1):38-43.
[368]张怀慧,孙龙.利用人工鱼礁工程增殖海洋水产资源的研究[J].大连水产学院学报,1992,6(2):42-52.
[369]张剑诚,于金海,王吉桥.人工渔礁建设研究现状[J].水产科学,2004,23(11):27-30.
[370]张秋丰,屠建波,胡延忠,等.天津近岸海域生态环境健康评价[J].海洋通报,2008,27(5):73-78.
[371]章守宇,张焕君,焦俊鹏,等.海州湾人工鱼礁海域生态环境的变化[J].水产学报,2006,30(4):475-480.
[372]张硕,孙满昌,陈勇.人工鱼礁模型对大泷六线鱼和许氏平鲉幼鱼个体的诱集效果[J].大连水产学院学报,2008,23(1):13-19.
[373]张硕,孙满昌,陈勇.不同高度混凝土模型礁背涡流特性的定量研究[J].大连水产学院学报,2008,23(4):278-282.
[374]张硕,朱孔文,孙满昌.海州湾人工鱼礁区浮游植物的种类组成和生物量[J].大连水产学院学报,2006,21(2):134-140.
[375]张维翥.核电站温排水对大亚湾鲷科鱼卵、仔鱼分布的影响[J].热带海洋,1996,15(4):80-84.
[376]张银英.大亚湾沉积物中重金属元素背景值研究[J].热带海洋,1991,10(3):76-80.
[377]赵海涛,张亦飞,郝春玲,等.人工鱼礁的投放区选址和礁体设计[J].海洋学研究,2006,24(4):69-76.
[378]赵延茂.黄河三角洲自然保护区科学考察集[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1995.
[379]赵中堂.我国沿海海上人工鱼礁参礁的现状及其管理问题[J].海洋通报,1995,14(4):79-84.
[380]郑爱榕,沈海维,刘景欣,等.大亚湾海域低营养盐维持高生产力的机制探讨Ⅰ[J].海洋科学,2001,25(11):48-52.
[381]中国科学院南海海洋研究所.大亚湾海域海洋生态环境变化及趋势分 析[R].广州:中国科学院南海海洋研究所,2000,246.
[382]中国渔业资源调查和区划编委会.中国渔业区划[M].杭州:浙江科技出版社,1987,1-175.
[383]钟术求,孙满昌,章守宇,等.钢制四方台型人工鱼礁礁体设计及稳定性研究[J].海洋渔业,2006,28(3):234-240.
[384]周媛,张哲,于娟,等.UV-B辐射增强对2种海洋桡足类生长发育的影响[J].武汉大学学报(理学版),2008,54(2):215-220.
[385]朱燮昌,崔淑琴,戴洪亮,等.用粉煤灰制作人工鱼礁的研究Ⅰ.粉煤灰人工鱼礁礁块的配比、工艺及海水浸泡溶出试验[J].海洋通报,1987,6(4):56-63.
[386]邹景忠,董丽萍,秦保平.渤海湾富营养化和赤潮问题的初步探讨[J].海洋环境科学,1983,2(2):41-55.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |