海湾围填海规划评价体系研究
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摘要
随着沿海地区经济的快速发展和人口增长压力的不断增大,对土地的需求非常迫切,围垦造地成为解决沿海耕地资源贫乏的重要途径。然而,围填海在带来巨大社会经济效益的同时,也对周边海洋生态环境产生了诸多负面影响,因此需要对围填海活动进行科学的评价。
以海湾围填海规划分析为基础,将评价时间界定为现状评价、回顾性评价和预测性评价,并基于海洋水动力、海洋化学、生态、资源、社会经济效益等五类指标,应用分层次筛选法与综合评价法,对围填海工况进行综合影响评价,确定围填海方案的适宜性。从而提出了一套较为完备的海湾围填海规划评价体系。
在充分理解各涉海规划的基础上,分析各种规划内容及规划之间用海需求的协调性和矛盾冲突,依据优势资源优先与统筹兼顾、重点突出相结合原则。提出了围填海工况设计的基本思路、原则与工作方法。
在科学方法上,采用潮流、泥沙、水交换、水质模型等数值模拟方法与环境容量、生物生态、海洋资源、社会经济分析等学科方法进行集成应用的技术手段,探讨了海湾围填海规划方案的实施对海湾水动力、海洋化学、海洋生态、海洋资源及社会经济效益等方面的影响。在分学科研究评价的基础上,采用分层次筛选法和综合分析法对围填海规划方案进行定量评价和优选,以获得各海湾围填海最佳评价方案。
构建了海湾围填海数据开放式共享平台,将观测资料和模拟结果通过该平台进行集成化,并可通过观测数据和模拟不断更新平台,使其成为海湾围填海评价的重要组成部分,丰富了海湾围填海评价这一科学评价体系。
将该体系应用于罗源湾,通过海洋数值模型并结合生物生态方面的综合研究,科学评价了围填海活动对海湾累积影响效应,并进行了定量和半定量的科学评估,为海湾围填海规划以及开发利用方向提供了科学依据。
With the rapid development of economy and the increasing pressure of population growth in coastal areas, the requirements for land become more and more imperative. So the reclamation has become an important means to alleviate the scarcity of coastal arable land resource, which not only brings tremendous social and economic benefits, but also causes many negative influences on the surrounding marine environment. Thus it is necessary to evaluate the reclamation comprehensively and scientifically.
Based on the analysis of reclamation planning in bays, the evaluation time is defined as the status quo assessment, the retrospective assessment and the predictive assessment. And on the basis of five indicators, including marine hydrodynamics, marine chemistry, ecology, resources, social and economic benefits, this thesis adopts the sub-levels screening method and comprehensive evaluation method to conduct the impact assessment for the reclamation condition, and determine the suitability of reclamation program. Sequentially, a more comprehensive assessment system for the reclamation planning in bays is proposed.
Based on the full understanding of all sea-related planning, the coordination and conflicts of sea requirements among all kinds of planning contents and planning are analyzed. According to the principle of giving priority to advantageous resource, and making overall consideration and key priority, the basic ideas, principles and working methods of the reclamation condition design are proposed.
For the scientific methods, this thesis adopts integrated technical means of numerical simulation methods including tide, sediment, water exchange and water quality models, and interdisciplinary methods including environmental capacity, bio-ecology, marine resources and socio-economic analysis, to explore the impact of reclamation planning implementation on hydrodynamics, marine chemistry, marine ecology, marine resources and socio-economic benefits in bays. On the basis of sub-disciplinary research, in order to obtain the best assessment program of the reclamation planning, the sub-levels screening method and comprehensive evaluation method are used to conduct quantitative evaluation and optimization
Additionally, an opening easy-accessing platform was build for sharing the reclamation data of bays, which integrates the observation and model simulation together. Based on the opening platform with continuing updated observation and model data, it becomes an import part of reclamation planning in bays, and enriches the scientific evaluation system of reclamation planning.
The system is applied to the Luoyuan Bay in Fujian province. Through the ocean numerical model and combination of bio-ecological research, this thesis scientifically evaluates the cumulative effect of reclamation activities in bays, conducts quantitative and semi-quantitative scientific assessment, and provides the scientific basis for the reclamation planning, and direction of development and utilization in bays.
以海湾围填海规划分析为基础,将评价时间界定为现状评价、回顾性评价和预测性评价,并基于海洋水动力、海洋化学、生态、资源、社会经济效益等五类指标,应用分层次筛选法与综合评价法,对围填海工况进行综合影响评价,确定围填海方案的适宜性。从而提出了一套较为完备的海湾围填海规划评价体系。
在充分理解各涉海规划的基础上,分析各种规划内容及规划之间用海需求的协调性和矛盾冲突,依据优势资源优先与统筹兼顾、重点突出相结合原则。提出了围填海工况设计的基本思路、原则与工作方法。
在科学方法上,采用潮流、泥沙、水交换、水质模型等数值模拟方法与环境容量、生物生态、海洋资源、社会经济分析等学科方法进行集成应用的技术手段,探讨了海湾围填海规划方案的实施对海湾水动力、海洋化学、海洋生态、海洋资源及社会经济效益等方面的影响。在分学科研究评价的基础上,采用分层次筛选法和综合分析法对围填海规划方案进行定量评价和优选,以获得各海湾围填海最佳评价方案。
构建了海湾围填海数据开放式共享平台,将观测资料和模拟结果通过该平台进行集成化,并可通过观测数据和模拟不断更新平台,使其成为海湾围填海评价的重要组成部分,丰富了海湾围填海评价这一科学评价体系。
将该体系应用于罗源湾,通过海洋数值模型并结合生物生态方面的综合研究,科学评价了围填海活动对海湾累积影响效应,并进行了定量和半定量的科学评估,为海湾围填海规划以及开发利用方向提供了科学依据。
With the rapid development of economy and the increasing pressure of population growth in coastal areas, the requirements for land become more and more imperative. So the reclamation has become an important means to alleviate the scarcity of coastal arable land resource, which not only brings tremendous social and economic benefits, but also causes many negative influences on the surrounding marine environment. Thus it is necessary to evaluate the reclamation comprehensively and scientifically.
Based on the analysis of reclamation planning in bays, the evaluation time is defined as the status quo assessment, the retrospective assessment and the predictive assessment. And on the basis of five indicators, including marine hydrodynamics, marine chemistry, ecology, resources, social and economic benefits, this thesis adopts the sub-levels screening method and comprehensive evaluation method to conduct the impact assessment for the reclamation condition, and determine the suitability of reclamation program. Sequentially, a more comprehensive assessment system for the reclamation planning in bays is proposed.
Based on the full understanding of all sea-related planning, the coordination and conflicts of sea requirements among all kinds of planning contents and planning are analyzed. According to the principle of giving priority to advantageous resource, and making overall consideration and key priority, the basic ideas, principles and working methods of the reclamation condition design are proposed.
For the scientific methods, this thesis adopts integrated technical means of numerical simulation methods including tide, sediment, water exchange and water quality models, and interdisciplinary methods including environmental capacity, bio-ecology, marine resources and socio-economic analysis, to explore the impact of reclamation planning implementation on hydrodynamics, marine chemistry, marine ecology, marine resources and socio-economic benefits in bays. On the basis of sub-disciplinary research, in order to obtain the best assessment program of the reclamation planning, the sub-levels screening method and comprehensive evaluation method are used to conduct quantitative evaluation and optimization
Additionally, an opening easy-accessing platform was build for sharing the reclamation data of bays, which integrates the observation and model simulation together. Based on the opening platform with continuing updated observation and model data, it becomes an import part of reclamation planning in bays, and enriches the scientific evaluation system of reclamation planning.
The system is applied to the Luoyuan Bay in Fujian province. Through the ocean numerical model and combination of bio-ecological research, this thesis scientifically evaluates the cumulative effect of reclamation activities in bays, conducts quantitative and semi-quantitative scientific assessment, and provides the scientific basis for the reclamation planning, and direction of development and utilization in bays.
引文
[1]地理学词典.上海:上海辞书出版社,1982.616
[2]约翰R.克拉克著,吴克勤等译.海岸带管理手册.北京:海洋出版社,2000.1
[3] World Resource Institute . Polot analysis of globe ecosys—terns : coastal ecosystem[M].Washington,DC:WRI Pub—lication,200l
[4] Cohen J F,Small C,Mellinger A,et a1..Estimates of coastal population[J].Science,1997,278:1211—1212
[5]潘建纲,国内外围填海造地的态势及对海南的启示.新东方,2008,10:32-36.
[6]洪华生,陈宗团.海岸带综合管理中面临的科学问题.海洋管理,1998,(1):28-31.
[7]罗章仁.香港填海造陆及其影响分析.地理学报,1997,52(3):220-227.
[8]刘伟,刘百桥.我国围填海现状、问题及调控对策.广州环境科学,2008,23(2):26-30.
[9]彭本荣.填海造地生态损害评估[J].自然资源学报,2005,20(5):714-726
[10]苗丽娟.围填海造成的生态环境损失评估方法初探[J].环境与可持续发展,2007(3):47-49
[11]刘大海.围海造地综合损益评价体系探讨[J].海岸工程,2006,25(2):93-99
[12]李静.河北省围填海演进过程分析与综合效益评价2008.河北师范大学.硕士研究生毕业论文
[13]黄玉凯.福建省围海造地的环境影响分析及对策[J].中国环境管理,2002(4):13-14
[14]孙连成.塘沽围海造陆工程对周边泥沙环境影响的研究[J].水运工程,2003,350(3):1-5.
[15]国家林业局等.中国湿地保护行动计划.北京:中国林业出版社,2000
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[18]龚文平,王道儒.海南省临高县调楼乡黄龙港北侧围海工程的自然条件可行性分析.海岸工程,1995,14(3):37-41
[19]孙连成.塘沽围海造陆工程对周边泥沙环境影响的研究.水运工程,2003,350(3):1-5.
[20]张珞平.港湾围垦或填海工程环境影响评价存在的问题探讨.福建环境,1997,14(3):8-9.
[21]吴瑞贞,蔡伟叙,邱戈冰,江志华.填海造地开发区环境影响评价问题的探讨.海洋开发与管理,2007,24(5):62-66.
[22]黄玉凯.福建省围海造地的环境影响分析及对策.中国环境管理,2002(4):13-14.
[23]陆永军.强潮河口围海工程对水动力环境的影响.海洋工程,2002,20(4):17-25.
[24]郭伟,朱大奎.深圳围海造地对海洋环境影响的分析.南京大学学报,2005,41(3):286-296.
[25]倪晋仁,秦华鹏.填海工程对潮间带湿地生境损失的影响评估.环境科学学报2003, 23(3):345-349.
[26]贾怡然.填海造地对胶州湾环境容量的影响研究.硕士学位论文,中国海洋大学.
[27]刘修德,李涛等.福建省海湾围填海规划环境影响综合评价.北京.科学出版社.2008,1-314.
[28]国家环境保护局,GB3097-1997《海水水质标准》.
[29]国家质量监督检验检疫总局,GB 18668-2002《海洋沉积物质量》.
[30]国家质量监督检验检疫总局,GB 18421-2001《海洋生物质量》.
[31]中华人民共和国交通部,JTS 149-1-2007《港口工程环境保护设计规范》.
[32]国家海洋局,GB/T 12763-2007《海洋调查规范》.
[33] What is OPeNDAP. http://www.opendap.org/about/index.html,2008.
[34] LAS Overview January 2001.http://ferret.pmel.noaa.gov/Ferret/LAS/home/las-overview,2008
[35]福建省海洋与渔业局,2005,《福建省海洋功能区划修编报告》.
[36]中国海洋大学,2005,《福建省海湾数模与环境研究罗源湾研究报告》.
[37]鲍献文,乔璐璐,于华明.福建省海湾围填海规划水动力影响评价.北京.科学出版社.2008,1-340.
[38]《福建省主要海湾数模与环境研究技术实施方案持术导则》
[39]余兴光,马志远,林志兰.福建省海湾围填海规划环境化学影响评价.北京.科学出版社.2008,1-230.
[40]陈尚,李涛,刘键等.福建省海湾围填海规划生态影响评价.北京.科学出版社.2008,1-319.
[41]刘容子,吴姗姗,刘明等.福建省海湾围填海规划社会经济影响评价.北京.科学出版社.2008,1-235.
[42]杨顺良,罗美雪.福建省海湾围填海规划环境影响预测性评价.北京.科学出版社.2008,1-224.
[43]彭本荣,洪华生,陈伟琪等.填海造地生态损害评估:理论、方法及应用研究.自然资源学报.2005,20(5):714—726.
[44]福建省财政厅,2004,《福建省海域分类定级及海域使用金征收标准制定研究报告》.
[45]米浦春.基于OPeNDAP的南海物理海洋数据服务系统研究.硕士学位论文,中国科学院南海海洋研究所.
[46] Hankin S.,J. Davison,J. Callahan,D. E. Harrison,and K.O’Brien. A configurable web server for gridded data: a framework for collaboration. In 14th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems for Meteorology,Oceanography,and Hydrology, AMS, 1998:417–418.
[2]约翰R.克拉克著,吴克勤等译.海岸带管理手册.北京:海洋出版社,2000.1
[3] World Resource Institute . Polot analysis of globe ecosys—terns : coastal ecosystem[M].Washington,DC:WRI Pub—lication,200l
[4] Cohen J F,Small C,Mellinger A,et a1..Estimates of coastal population[J].Science,1997,278:1211—1212
[5]潘建纲,国内外围填海造地的态势及对海南的启示.新东方,2008,10:32-36.
[6]洪华生,陈宗团.海岸带综合管理中面临的科学问题.海洋管理,1998,(1):28-31.
[7]罗章仁.香港填海造陆及其影响分析.地理学报,1997,52(3):220-227.
[8]刘伟,刘百桥.我国围填海现状、问题及调控对策.广州环境科学,2008,23(2):26-30.
[9]彭本荣.填海造地生态损害评估[J].自然资源学报,2005,20(5):714-726
[10]苗丽娟.围填海造成的生态环境损失评估方法初探[J].环境与可持续发展,2007(3):47-49
[11]刘大海.围海造地综合损益评价体系探讨[J].海岸工程,2006,25(2):93-99
[12]李静.河北省围填海演进过程分析与综合效益评价2008.河北师范大学.硕士研究生毕业论文
[13]黄玉凯.福建省围海造地的环境影响分析及对策[J].中国环境管理,2002(4):13-14
[14]孙连成.塘沽围海造陆工程对周边泥沙环境影响的研究[J].水运工程,2003,350(3):1-5.
[15]国家林业局等.中国湿地保护行动计划.北京:中国林业出版社,2000
[16]国家海洋局.《关于加强区域建设用海管理工作的若干意见》.国海发[2006]14号] .
[17]中华人民共和国第九届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第二十四次会议.《中华人民共和国海域使用管理法》.2001.
[18]龚文平,王道儒.海南省临高县调楼乡黄龙港北侧围海工程的自然条件可行性分析.海岸工程,1995,14(3):37-41
[19]孙连成.塘沽围海造陆工程对周边泥沙环境影响的研究.水运工程,2003,350(3):1-5.
[20]张珞平.港湾围垦或填海工程环境影响评价存在的问题探讨.福建环境,1997,14(3):8-9.
[21]吴瑞贞,蔡伟叙,邱戈冰,江志华.填海造地开发区环境影响评价问题的探讨.海洋开发与管理,2007,24(5):62-66.
[22]黄玉凯.福建省围海造地的环境影响分析及对策.中国环境管理,2002(4):13-14.
[23]陆永军.强潮河口围海工程对水动力环境的影响.海洋工程,2002,20(4):17-25.
[24]郭伟,朱大奎.深圳围海造地对海洋环境影响的分析.南京大学学报,2005,41(3):286-296.
[25]倪晋仁,秦华鹏.填海工程对潮间带湿地生境损失的影响评估.环境科学学报2003, 23(3):345-349.
[26]贾怡然.填海造地对胶州湾环境容量的影响研究.硕士学位论文,中国海洋大学.
[27]刘修德,李涛等.福建省海湾围填海规划环境影响综合评价.北京.科学出版社.2008,1-314.
[28]国家环境保护局,GB3097-1997《海水水质标准》.
[29]国家质量监督检验检疫总局,GB 18668-2002《海洋沉积物质量》.
[30]国家质量监督检验检疫总局,GB 18421-2001《海洋生物质量》.
[31]中华人民共和国交通部,JTS 149-1-2007《港口工程环境保护设计规范》.
[32]国家海洋局,GB/T 12763-2007《海洋调查规范》.
[33] What is OPeNDAP. http://www.opendap.org/about/index.html,2008.
[34] LAS Overview January 2001.http://ferret.pmel.noaa.gov/Ferret/LAS/home/las-overview,2008
[35]福建省海洋与渔业局,2005,《福建省海洋功能区划修编报告》.
[36]中国海洋大学,2005,《福建省海湾数模与环境研究罗源湾研究报告》.
[37]鲍献文,乔璐璐,于华明.福建省海湾围填海规划水动力影响评价.北京.科学出版社.2008,1-340.
[38]《福建省主要海湾数模与环境研究技术实施方案持术导则》
[39]余兴光,马志远,林志兰.福建省海湾围填海规划环境化学影响评价.北京.科学出版社.2008,1-230.
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